ObjectiveTo study the method and effect of individualized education on children with learning disability (LD).Methods30 children during 7-10 year old in a local boarding elementary school were chosen and guided individually as the following: sensory integration dysfunction drill, subtle motion drill, life skills drill, cognitive capability drill, behavior therapy, game therapy, music therapy and parents education. One and a half year later, the index of Sensory Integration Rating Scales and study marks were determined and compared with that of the normal children.ResultsThere is not significant difference between the LD children and the normal ones in the sensory integration of behavior and the learning achievement.ConclusionIndividualized education is a valid approach improving the potentiality of the LD children\'s physiology and psychology.

Objective To investigate the relationship between alexithymia and event-related potential P300 in patients with somatoform disorders.Methods Forty-two patients aged 18 to 65 years fulfilling ICD-10 diagnosis criteria for somatoform disorders were recruited as experiment group.Forty normal healthy persons were selected as control group.The Toronto alexthymia scale-20 (TAS-20) was employed to investigate the alexithymia of the subjects.P300 potentials was employed to investigate the cognitive ability of the subjects.A comparison was made between the patients and the healthy subjects.Results The latencies of N1,P2,N2 and P3 were significantly longer in patients with somatoform disorder than those in the normal controls (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),the amplitudes of N2 and P3 were significantly lower in the patients (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The three factors scores and the total score of TAS-20 test in patients with somatoform disorder were significantly lower than those in the normal controls (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).There was significant correlation between the latency and the three factors scores and the total score of TAS-20 as well as between the amplitude of P300 and the three factors scores and the total score of TAS-20:the latencies of N1,P2,N2 and P3 recorded at Pz was positively correlated with the factors scores (r =0.32 ～ 0.48,P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and the amplitudes of N1,P2,N2 and P3 recorded at Pz was negatively correlated with theTAS-20 scores (r=-0.31 ～-0.51,P＜0.05 or0.01).Conclusions There existed significant correlation between the alexithymia and cognitive impairment in patients with somatoform disorders.Both alexithymia and event-related potential P300 can be used as a clinical evaluation index for patients with somatoform disorder.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intralesional ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; Lymphoma ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericardial Effusion ; etiology ; therapy ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Tumor Necrosis Factors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Objective To assess whether metformin prevents body weight gain in patients with schizophrenia who are treated with second-generation antipsychotics(SGA).Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) about metformin for prevention of weight gain with SGA for schizophrenia from January 1998 to July 2012 were selected in the Cochrane Library,Medline,Wanfang Data,CNKI and VIP.Two reviewers independently screened the literatures,extracted the data,and evaluated the methodological quality.Than meta-analyses were conducted by using RevMan 5.1 software and Stata 12.0 software.Results The total 7 RCTs were selected and 394 patients were involved.The results of meta-analyses showed that the efficacy of the metformin group was superior to that of the control group in lessen body mass (MD =-3.07,95％ CI:-4.17,-1.98,Z =5.50,P ＜ 0.01),BWI (MD =-1.21,95％ CI:-1.50,-0.92,Z=8.18,P＜0.01) with significant differences.Conclusion Metformin addition therapy is effective in attenuating SGA-induced weight gain.

Background The construction of tissue-engineered corneal endothelium needs the functional seeding cells,so how to culture a large amount of functional corneal endothelial cells (CECs) is an urgent problem to be solved.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of aqueous humor on bovine CECs in vitro.Methods Aqueous humor of 1.2 ml was collected from the anterior chamber of bovine and sterilized,and the liquid supernatant was obtained.The bovine CECs were isolated from bovine cornea and then cultured in low glucose Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vitro.Aqueous humor was added into the medium with the final concentration of 2.5％,5.0％,l0.0％,15.0％ and 20.0％,respectively,and no aqueous humor was added in the control group.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the absorbency value of CECs for the evaluation of cell proliferation.Progression of the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).After confluence of the cells was reached,1 ml plastic spear tip was used to scratch the cell single layer,and the cells were incubated consequently in medium with 10％ FBS and with or without aqueous humor for 24 hours.Healing area of the cell single layer was measured.The cells were incubated at a density of 6 × 105 cells/ml and cultured using medium with or without 10.0％ aqueous human for 5 days,and the number of the cells was analyzed by DAPI fluorescence technique.Results Under the phase-contrast microscopy,the confluent CECs showed a slabstone-like and hexagonal appearance.CCK-8 assay revealed that the absorbance values of CECs was significantly different among the various culture groups (F=4.051,P =0.007),and the absorbance value in different concentrations of aqueous human culture groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).FCM showed that the percentage of the cells in S-G2 phases was (34.80-±3.13)％ in the 10.0％ aqueous humors group and (23.06±1.13)％ in the control group,showing a significant difference (t =-5.729,P=0.005).The scratch test showed that the healing area of the cell signal layer was (0.116±0.019) mm2 in the 10.0％ aqueous humors group and (0.358 ±0.049) mm2 in the control group,showing a significant difference (t =13.842,P =0.000).The density of cells in the 10.0％ aqueous humor group was (1439± 1 10)/field,which was more than (1162±45)/field in the control group (t =-11.020,P=0.000).Conclusions Aqueous humor at the concentration of 10.0％ promote the growth and proliferation of bovine CECs.The result suggests that 10.0％ aqueous humor can be used as a promoting agent during the culture of CECs.

Objective To study the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt at household level based on the salt surveillance results from 2004 to 2011,and to provide a scientific basis for setting up appropriate control strategies to iodine deficiency disorders.Methods Iodized salt monitoring results in Hainan Province from 2004 to 2011 were collected with retrospective method.Coverage rate of iodized salt,qualified rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were calculated at the provincial,city(county) levels and on geographic distribution (coastal,plains and mountains).Qualified iodized salt criteria was set as (35 ± 15)mg/kg,unqualified iodized salt criteria was set as 5 to ＜ 20 mg/kg or ＞ 50 mg/kg,and criteria of non-iodized salt was set as ＜ 5 mg/kg.Results From 2004 to 2011,at provincial level,the median of iodized salt was raised from 30.25 mg/kg to 32.14 mg/kg; the iodized salt coverage rate,the qualified rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was raised from 77.81％ (4780/6143) to 96.06％ (5890/6132),90.48％ (4325/4780) to 98.72％(5815/5890),and 70.41％(4325/6143) to 94.83％(5815/6132),respectively.From 2004 to 2011,at city (county) level,the proportion of iodized salt coverage rate that higher than 90.00％,of qualified rate of iodized salt that higher than 95.00％ and of consumption rate of qualified iodized salt that higher than 90.00％ was raised from 44.45％(8/18) to 88.89％(16/18),16.67％(3/18) to 100.00％(18/18),and 22.22％(4/19) to 88.89％(16/18),respectively.The iodized salt coverage rate in the coastal and plain townships was raised from 70.55％(1440/2041) to 95.02％(1869/1967),and 75.36％ (1762/2338) to 96.24％(2331/2422),respectively.The iodized salt coverage rate in mountainous townships maintained at 89.46％ (1578/1764)-97.46％ (1690/1734) in the 8 years.There were 2 counties where the iodized salt coverage rate was less than 90％.There were 9 and 4 townships,where the iodized salt coverage rate was less than 90％ in coastal and plain townships,respectively,in 2011.Conclusions The rate of qualified iodized salt has been raised in Hainan Province,but part of coastal and plain townships (towns) are still serious in non-iodized salt problem.Comprehensive intervention on iodine deficiency disorders should be strengthened in these areas.

Background Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)can differentiate into various types of somatic cells without causing ethical controversy and immune rejection in clinical activity,which is similar to differentiation ability of embryonic stem cells.So,iPSCs may be used as seed cells for tissue engineering corneal endothelial reconstruction.Objective The present study was to survey the morphologic change of iPSCs after coculture with corneal endothelium cells(CECs) under the atomic force microscopy(AFM).Methods Rabbit CECs and human MMC-iPSCs were isolated and cultured respectively.The iPSCs were identified with the marker by immunochemistry.iPSCs passaged for 7 days were then cultured with 60％ confluent CECs to establish the co-culture model.The surface morphology and cellular membrane ultrastructure of differentiated iPSCs after induced by CECs were examined by AFM combination with inverted microscope,and compared with CECs and undifferentiated iPSCs.Results Thelengthand width were(66.93±10.48)μm and (44.85 ± 8.14) μm in CECs,(12.51±1.40)μm and (10.93 ±1.69) μm in uninduced iPSCs,and(36.12±10.29) μm and(31.53±9.65)μm in CECs-induced iPSCs.Both the length and width values of CECs-induced iPSCs were statistically bigger than those uninduced iPSCs,with significant differences between them (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was seen in the width valne of CECs-induced iPSCs in comparison with CECs(P＞0.05).The convex structure of CECs cytomembrane surface showed the digitation in shape with the size and height(2.11 ± 1.03) μm and (115.68±92.08) nm respectively,and the concave structure of cytomembrane surface of CECs was fenestrae-like depression and the size was (1.49 ± 0.65) μm.The numerical valuc of mean square root roughness (Rq)and average roughness (Ra)of cytomembrane surface of CECs were(39.20±7.82)nm and (30.37±5.32)nm respectively.The convex surface of cytomembrane of iPSCs was granular-like in shape with size and height(0.39±0.22)μm and(13.11±9.18)nm respectively.The concave surface of cytomembrane of iPSCs was worm-eaten-like concave with the size(0.34±0.18)μm.The numerical value of Rq and Ra of geometrical parameters of cytomembrane surface of iPSCs were (26.60 ± 4.93)nm and (9.97 ± 3.78) nm respectively.The convex surface of cytomembrane of induced iPSCs was digital-like in shape with the size and height (1.91±0.76) μm and(106.55±77.27) nm respectively.The concave surface of cytomembrane of induced iPSCs was fenestrae-like depression and the size of concave was(1.6l±1.25) μm.The numerical value of Rq and Ra on surface of cytomembrane of induced iPSCs was (57.33± 12.80) nm and (43.63± 11.17) nm respectively.The numerical values of the size and height of convex,the size of concave,Rq and Ra on surface of cytomembrane in induced iPSCs were statistically bigger than in iPSCs(P＜0.05)and were not significant differences in comparison with CECs (P＞0.05).Conclusions Morphology of iPSCs translate toward the CECs after induce for 7 days under the AFM.This outcome lays the foundation for further study on iPSCs.

Background The multipotent differentiation features of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a new option for cell replacement therapy of many clinical diseases.In ophthalmology,iPSCs are a good model in studying the pathogenic mechanism of degenerative ocular diseases.A better identification method for iPSCs is critical for analyzing the in vivo biological characteristics of iPSCs.Objective This study was to investigate the feasibility and stability of labeling iPSCs with quantum dots.Methods Human umbilical mesenchymal stromal cells-iPSC lines were cultured and amplified on matrigel,and the characteristics of iPSCs were evaluated by immunofluorescence.Different concentrations (5.0,7.5 and 10.0 nmol/L) of quantum dots with a CdSe/ZnS nuclear shell structure were used to label iPSCs after passaging and proliferation.The labeling outcome was observed with a three-dimensional deconvolution real-time live cells imaging system.The labeled iPSCs were subsequently cultivated,and then changes in fluorescence intensity were examined 7 days after the first and the second passaging of iPSCs.Results iPSCs were observed to grow in a clonal manner under the inverted microscope.The iPSC markers,OCT4 and Nanog,were detected by immunofluorescence.With increasing concentrations of quantum dots,the fluorescence intensities representing the levels of OCT4 and Nanog in iPSCs were gradually elevated,with optimal levels of fluorescence observed at a concentration of 10 nmol/L of quantum dots.The fluorescent labeling of OCT4 and Nanog in iPSCs remained and weakened gradually till day 7 even after the second passage.Conclusions Quantum dots labeling could be used to track iPSCs in a dose-independent manner.The fluorescent signal from the quantum dots labeling the iPSCs lasts 2 weeks at least.

BackgroundSweep pattern visual evoked potential(SPVEP) acuity,as an objective detective technique of visual function,can be used to measure visual acuity in children and uncooperative adults.Recent studies have shown that the amplitude-logarithm of the visual angle (A-LogVA) function regression method was more accurate than the amplitude-spatial frequency (A-SP)function regression method in evaluating SPVEP acuity.Objective This study was to explore the clinical use of SPVEP acuity in visual developing children and compare the evaluating the SPVEP acuity of children between A-SP function regression method and A-LogVA function regression method.Methods Twenty-six eyes of 26 asthenopic children with age range of 3-12 years and 31 age-matched normal children were enrolled in this study.SPVEP acuity was recorded with GT-2000 NV ( GUOTE MEDICAL APPARATUS LTD,China) using sinusoidally modulated horizontal gratings of 10 different spatial frequencies from 0.99 to 12.89 cpd as stimulus.The responses were averaged and displayed through discrete Fourier transformations (DFT) on the monitor display.SPVEP acuity was estimated by using both the SPVEP A-SP function regression method and the SPVEP A-LogVA function regression method.The LogMAR chart was used to acquire LogMAR visual acuity.ResultsIn the normal group,the correlation coefficient between LogMAR visual acuity and acuity calculated by the A-SP function regression method was 0.600 (P＜0.01).The correlation coefficient between LogMAR visual acuity and acuity calculated by the A-LogVA function regression method was 0.733 ( P＜0.01 ).The ANOVA of the LogMAR acuity and the SPVEP acuity calculated from the A-SP function regression method and A-LogVA function regression method were 113.173 (P＜0.01 ),which indicated that there were significant difference among all of subjects.The differences of the mean values of LogMAR visual acuity and the SPVEP acuity calculated from the A-SP function regression method and A-LogVA function regression method were respectively 0.40±0.02,0.26 ±0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.02.In the amblyopia group,the correlation coefficient between LogMAR visual acuity and acuity calculated by the A-SP function regression method was 0.134 (P =0.515 ).The correlation coefficient between LogMAR visual acuity and acuity calculated by the A-LogVA function regression method was 0.456 ( P＜0.05 ).The ANOVA of the LogMAR acuity and the SPVEP acuity calculated from the A-SP function regression method and A-LogVA function regression method were 3.433 (P＜0.05),indicating that there were significant difference among all of subjects.The differences of the mean values of LogMAR visual acuity and the SPVEP acuity calculated from the A-SP function regression method and A-LogVA function regression method were 0.07±0.05,0.12±0.05 and 0.05 ±0.01 respectively.Conclusions SPVEP can evaluate the visual acuity in children,although SPVEP acuity may overestimate or underestimate acuity in comparison with different LogMAR visual acuities.The amplitude-LogVA function regression method is more accurate in extrapolating SPVEP acuity.

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on trans-benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) induced malignant transformation in human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE).

METHODS10, 50 or 100 micro mol/L CHL were added into the media during the cells transformation induced by BPDE, and the malignant degree of transformed cells were identified by the ConA agglutination test and the assay for anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity.

RESULTSAfter the cells were cultured for 25 times, the time of cells agglutination in groups treated with both CHL and BPDE was increased significantly; the colony formation efficiency in soft agar in groups treated with both CHL and BPDE (7.4 per thousand, 11.4 per thousand and 14.4 per thousand ) showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in dose-dependent manner, as compared with that in group treated with BPDE alone (19.6 per thousand ). Cells treated with both CHL and BPDE or BPDE alone developed tumor in nude mice, a squamous carcinoma confirmed by histopathological examination. The volume of tumor in groups treated with both CHL and BPDE (0.43 +/- 0.13) cm(2), (0.22 +/- 0.04) cm(2) and (0.10 +/- 0.06) cm(3) was significantly smaller (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent, as compared with that in the group treated with BPDE alone (1.71 +/- 0.37) cm(3).

CONCLUSIONCHL showed significant antitransforming ability in human bronchial epithelial cell line induced by BPDE.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide ; toxicity ; Animals ; Anticarcinogenic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Chlorophyllides ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; prevention & control