OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for definition and research & development of new drugs in China.METHODS:The history of the definition for new drugs was reviewed,and the effects of the definition of new drugs on the research and development of drugs were discussed by using the game theory "Tragedy of the Commons" and "Anti-Tragedy of the Commons".RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The definition of new drugs should be more and more scientific and reasonable and in line with the aim of building new creative country,meanwhile,efforts should be paid to avoid the above mentioned two kinds of tragedies.

To study the value of the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with B ultrasonographic located radiofrequency ablation(RFA).Methods: The radiofrequency multielectrodes were inserted into the hepatic carcinoma with B ultrasonographic locating.RFA was applied with the power from 50W up to 90W. RFA scope was 1cm out of the margin of the tumor mass in three dimension. After RFA treatment, the AFP level changes and the B ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), biopsy of the liver and hepato arterioangiography were observed.Results: One month after RFA treatment ,in those with abnormal AFP level AFP falled to normal in 18/20 patients, the volume of the tumor mass were enlarged in 9 patients, not changed in 8 patients and decreased in the others at CT and/or ultrasonography. The alive cancer cells in the margin of the tumor mass were found in 1/6 patients at biopsy. The scattering bloodstream in the carcinoma was showed in 1/8 patients on hepato arteriography. After three months, the volume of the tumor was remarkably decreased in 25 patients.Conclusion: The results suggests that RFA appears to ablate hepatic carcinoma effectively as suitable method mastered.

Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma (CIG) is a form of open angle glaucoma associated with both topical and systemic administration of corticosteroids. Here we described the clinical findings in a patient with severe glaucoma and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) after topical administration of corticosteroid eye drops. We concluded corticosteroid eye drop was an effective medicine for inflammation of the eyes; however,prolonged use could cause severe vision loss as a result of intractable corticosteroid-induced glaucoma and cataract.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with clustered electrodes in the treatment of unresectable large primary liver cancer. Methods Under the guidance of ultrasonography, Percutaneous and intraoperative RFA was performed in 38 patients and 5 patients,respectively. Additional ablation could be conducted if residual tumor or recurrence was found after the primary treatment. Results A total of 62 times of RFA, with a mean of 6 foci every treatment, were completed in the 43 patients, in whom the mean diameter of tumor was 7 3 cm. AFP levels had decreased to normal in 18/32 patients (56 3%) whose preoperative AFP levels were above 400 ?g/L. Postoperative CT examinations indicated that the tumor was completely ablated in 33/43 patients (76 7%). Frequent complications included fever, local pain, and liver impairment. No severe complications or treatment-related deaths were seen. The 1-year survival rate was 79 3% (23/29). Conclusions RFA with clustered electrodes in the treatment of unresectable large liver cancer can produce extensive coagulation necrosis of tumor, being a safe and effective therapeutic method. It is breaking fresh ground in the management of unresectable large

Objective:To improve the safety,rationality and efficacy of medication for ovarian cancer patients complicated with cirrhosis by the participation of clinical pharmacists in the therapy. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the therapy for an ovarian cancer patient with cirrhosis,and provided a rational and individualized therapeutic regimen through the drug experience of clinical pharmacists as well as the relevant medical guides and literatures. Results:The therapeutic efficacy was increased by the participation of clinical pharmacists in the therapy,the potential risk of the chemotherapy was avoided and the security of medication was assured. Conclusion:The participation of clinical pharmacists in therapeutic practice can improve the normalization of pharmacotherapy for ovarian cancer patients with cirrhosis,which also can provide ideas and methods for treating the similar patients.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; Lactation Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Postpartum Period ; physiology ; Qi ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of aqueous extract of Taxus chinensis var. mairei (AETC) combined Erlotnib on the growth of A549 xenograft in nude mice and its mechanism.

METHODSThe xenograft model in nude mice was established by inoculating A549 cells subcutaneously. BALB/c nude mice bearing A549 xenograft were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the low dose Erlotinib group (A) , the standard dose Erlotnib group (B) , the low dose Erlotinib combined AETC group (C), the standard dose Erlotnib combined AETC group (D), the AETC group (E), the control group (F), 12 in each group. Different medication was performed for 7 successive weeks after 24 h. One mL blood was withdrawn and tumor tissues taken. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The combined effect was analyzed by Jin's Formula [Q = Ea + b/(Ea + Eb-Ea x Eb) ]. mRNA and protein expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in xenografts were detected using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA.

RESULTSCompared with Group F, the xenograft weight was obviously lowered in Group B-E (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The q value was 0.92 in Group C and 0.96 in Group D, which was obtained by simple adding of the two drugs. Compared with Group F, EG- FR mRNA expression in Group D and E, COX-2 mRNA expression in Group A-E; Bcl-2 mRNA expression in Group B-D; COX-2 protein expression in Group B-E; Bcl-2 protein expression in Group C and D were obviously lowered with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAETC combined low dose and standard dose Erlotinib had synergistic effect on tumor inhibition. Its mechanism might be associated with down-regulating mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; pharmacology ; Heterografts ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Taxus ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Objective To assess the effect of thoracoscopic surgery under laryngeal mask anesthesia and explore the nursing strategies. Methods Thirty-five patients from April to December in 2014 undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were given intubation anesthesia and another thirty-five ones undergoing the same surgery in 2015 received laryngeal mask anesthesia. The two groups were compared in terms of surgery conditions, surgery complication and ambulation time. Results No significant differences were found in surgery time or blood loss between two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative waking time in the mask anesthesia group was significantly shorter than that of the intubation anesthesia group (P<0.05), and ambulation time was significantly shortened (P<0.05). The rates of throat discomfort, hoarseness and gastrointestinal reactions were significantly lower. Conclusions Laryngeal mask anesthesia used in small thoracoscopic surgery for airway management is safe and feasible. Combined with training in respiration and limb function, better analgesia and nursing, it can keep away complications related to intubation anesthesia, shorten hospital stay and accelerate postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the value of Doppler ultrasound in the eady diagnosis,monitoring and assessing of renal damage in neonatal asphyxia.Methods A total of 60 cases of neonates within 24 h were divided into severe asphyxia group (Apgar score 0-3),mild asphyxia group (Apgar score 4-7) and healthy control group (Apgar score 8-10) according to Apgar score at 1 min after born.Then the peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance index (RI) of renal artery were obtained by Doppler ultrasound within 24 h,on day 3,day 7,and day 10.The level of serum cystain C (sCysC) was also recorded accordingly.Results Within 24 h,compared with healthy control group,the PSV and EDV in severe asphyxia group and mild asphyxia group decreased (all P＜0.05),while RI increased (all P＜0.05).The PSV in mild asphyxia group returned to normal in 3 days,EDV and RI returned to normal in 10 days,there were no statistically significant difference compared with healthy control group (all P＞0.05).The PSV,EDV and RI in severe asphyxia group were still significantly differences compared with healthy control group on day 10 (all P＜0.05).Within 24 h and on day 3,sCysC in the mild asphyxia group increased obviously compared with healthy control group (both P＜0.05).On day 7 and day 10,the differences of sCysC was not statistically significant between mild asphyxia group and healthy control group (both P＞0.05).Compared with healthy control group,the sCysC in severe asphyxia group increased significantly (all P＜0.05) on every time point.PSV and EDV were negatively correlated with sCysC,RI was positively correlated with sCysC.Conclusion Changes in renal function can be reflected soon by index of renal blood flow PSV,EDV and RI.