OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for definition and research & development of new drugs in China.METHODS:The history of the definition for new drugs was reviewed,and the effects of the definition of new drugs on the research and development of drugs were discussed by using the game theory "Tragedy of the Commons" and "Anti-Tragedy of the Commons".RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The definition of new drugs should be more and more scientific and reasonable and in line with the aim of building new creative country,meanwhile,efforts should be paid to avoid the above mentioned two kinds of tragedies.

Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma (CIG) is a form of open angle glaucoma associated with both topical and systemic administration of corticosteroids. Here we described the clinical findings in a patient with severe glaucoma and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) after topical administration of corticosteroid eye drops. We concluded corticosteroid eye drop was an effective medicine for inflammation of the eyes; however,prolonged use could cause severe vision loss as a result of intractable corticosteroid-induced glaucoma and cataract.

To study the value of the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with B ultrasonographic located radiofrequency ablation(RFA).Methods: The radiofrequency multielectrodes were inserted into the hepatic carcinoma with B ultrasonographic locating.RFA was applied with the power from 50W up to 90W. RFA scope was 1cm out of the margin of the tumor mass in three dimension. After RFA treatment, the AFP level changes and the B ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), biopsy of the liver and hepato arterioangiography were observed.Results: One month after RFA treatment ,in those with abnormal AFP level AFP falled to normal in 18/20 patients, the volume of the tumor mass were enlarged in 9 patients, not changed in 8 patients and decreased in the others at CT and/or ultrasonography. The alive cancer cells in the margin of the tumor mass were found in 1/6 patients at biopsy. The scattering bloodstream in the carcinoma was showed in 1/8 patients on hepato arteriography. After three months, the volume of the tumor was remarkably decreased in 25 patients.Conclusion: The results suggests that RFA appears to ablate hepatic carcinoma effectively as suitable method mastered.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with clustered electrodes in the treatment of unresectable large primary liver cancer. Methods Under the guidance of ultrasonography, Percutaneous and intraoperative RFA was performed in 38 patients and 5 patients,respectively. Additional ablation could be conducted if residual tumor or recurrence was found after the primary treatment. Results A total of 62 times of RFA, with a mean of 6 foci every treatment, were completed in the 43 patients, in whom the mean diameter of tumor was 7 3 cm. AFP levels had decreased to normal in 18/32 patients (56 3%) whose preoperative AFP levels were above 400 ?g/L. Postoperative CT examinations indicated that the tumor was completely ablated in 33/43 patients (76 7%). Frequent complications included fever, local pain, and liver impairment. No severe complications or treatment-related deaths were seen. The 1-year survival rate was 79 3% (23/29). Conclusions RFA with clustered electrodes in the treatment of unresectable large liver cancer can produce extensive coagulation necrosis of tumor, being a safe and effective therapeutic method. It is breaking fresh ground in the management of unresectable large

Objective:To improve the safety,rationality and efficacy of medication for ovarian cancer patients complicated with cirrhosis by the participation of clinical pharmacists in the therapy. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the therapy for an ovarian cancer patient with cirrhosis,and provided a rational and individualized therapeutic regimen through the drug experience of clinical pharmacists as well as the relevant medical guides and literatures. Results:The therapeutic efficacy was increased by the participation of clinical pharmacists in the therapy,the potential risk of the chemotherapy was avoided and the security of medication was assured. Conclusion:The participation of clinical pharmacists in therapeutic practice can improve the normalization of pharmacotherapy for ovarian cancer patients with cirrhosis,which also can provide ideas and methods for treating the similar patients.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; Lactation Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Postpartum Period ; physiology ; Qi ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of aqueous extract of Taxus chinensis var. mairei (AETC) combined Erlotnib on the growth of A549 xenograft in nude mice and its mechanism.

METHODSThe xenograft model in nude mice was established by inoculating A549 cells subcutaneously. BALB/c nude mice bearing A549 xenograft were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the low dose Erlotinib group (A) , the standard dose Erlotnib group (B) , the low dose Erlotinib combined AETC group (C), the standard dose Erlotnib combined AETC group (D), the AETC group (E), the control group (F), 12 in each group. Different medication was performed for 7 successive weeks after 24 h. One mL blood was withdrawn and tumor tissues taken. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The combined effect was analyzed by Jin's Formula [Q = Ea + b/(Ea + Eb-Ea x Eb) ]. mRNA and protein expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in xenografts were detected using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA.

RESULTSCompared with Group F, the xenograft weight was obviously lowered in Group B-E (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The q value was 0.92 in Group C and 0.96 in Group D, which was obtained by simple adding of the two drugs. Compared with Group F, EG- FR mRNA expression in Group D and E, COX-2 mRNA expression in Group A-E; Bcl-2 mRNA expression in Group B-D; COX-2 protein expression in Group B-E; Bcl-2 protein expression in Group C and D were obviously lowered with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAETC combined low dose and standard dose Erlotinib had synergistic effect on tumor inhibition. Its mechanism might be associated with down-regulating mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; pharmacology ; Heterografts ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Taxus ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of Epstein-Barr(EB) virus encephalitis(EBE) in children. Methods The verification of EBE was based on detection of EBV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by fluorogenic quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR) and Nest-PCR. The clinical and CSF changes of 27 EBE cases and 26 controls were analyzed and compared. Results EB-DNA in CSF by FQ-PCR of 13 cases of EBE was (2.82?2.03)?10 3copies.There was no significant difference in clinical manifestations between EBE and HSE groups, except that WBC in CSF of EBE was lower than those of HSE.Conclusions EBE is not infrequent, about 10 % of encephalitis in children. EBE is always present independently, which is not a complication of infectious mononucleosis(IM).Detection of EBV-DNA in CSF is a sensitive and specific test for diagnosing of EBE. Early treatment may be beneficial to the prognosis of EBE.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features, genetic testing and treatment efficacy of 6 children with Dent disease.Methods:Six children diagnosed with Dent disease in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2014 to March 2019 were enrolled.Their medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, genetic test results, and proteinuria level, calciuria level and renal function after medication were measured.Results:All patients were male, with the onset age ranged from 1 to 9 years old.They were followed up for 6 months to 4 years.All the children had low molecular weight proteinuria.Urine protein electrophoresis showed that the ratio of low molecular weight proteinuria in only 2 cases was more than 50%.Renal biopsy suggested that all cases were combined with glomerular lesions.Five cases had hypercalciuria.Under the microscope, there were 5 cases of hematuria.Two case had rickets, and there was no renal calcium deposition and hypophosphatemia.Five cases were detected with CLCN5 mutations, of which p. C160Yfs*49 and p. G523D were first reported.One case had an OCRL1 mutation.Patients were treated with Hydrochlorothiazide and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). The 24 h urinary calcium level after treatment was lower than that before treatment [0.40 (0.24, 0.43) mmol/kg vs.0.12 (0.11, 0.14) mmol/kg, U=2.00, P<0.01]. However, there was no significant decrease in the 24 h-urinary protein level before and after treatment [77.09 (62.41, 88.01) mg/kg vs.80.33 (66.03, 92.52) mg/kg, U=12.00, P>0.05]. Conclusions:Dent disease is mainly characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, and some patients may not be associated with hypercalciuria.Gene tests help to identify the disease type.ACEI and Hydrochlorothiazide can reduce the urinary calcium level, but cannot improve the level of urinary protein.