OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical features and correlation factors of ADR caused by second generation antihistamine drugs for references of clinical rational drug use.METHODS:A total of 128 cases ADR cases induced by second generation antihistamine drugs that met our criteria were obtained by retrieving the domestic literature database between 1986 and 2006,which were categorized and analyzed in accordance with the ADR categorization stipulated by WHO international drug monitoring cooperation center.RESULTS:Of the 128 ADR cases,more were seen in male than in female,38 presented cardiovascular system lesions,accounting for 29.69%,followed by lesions of skin and its appendants(28.13%) and systemic reactions(20 cases,15.63%).However,the prognosis of these ADR was satisfactory.CONCLUSION:The ADR caused by second generation antihistamine drugs are associated to many factors such as patients’ sex and physical condition as well as drug combination etc.Clinic should be alert to such ADR such as allergic shock and arhythmia in patients treated with second generation antihistamine drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the optimal operation mode for the management of donated drugs.METHODS: The possible problems existed in the management of donated medicines were found out through summarizing our practical experience in the inventory,storage and use etc of the donated drugs.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: In the management of donated medicines,emphasis should be attached to the inventory,storage and use of the donated medicines,meanwhile,a sound supervising system for the donation affairs should be set up to standardize the donation behavior,strengthen expiration date management and gradually establish the practical and effective work mode.

Objective To compare the differences between state-owned hospitals and private-funded hospitals in Shanghai on the introduction and application of hospital marketing conception. Methods Questionnaire and interviews were conducted to reflect understandings in marketing conception,advertisements,hospital brand,customers' sense of satisfaction,etc. Results State-owned hospitals were less concerned in marketing conception compared with their private counterparts,even less sufficient in marketing input or management. Conclusion The state-owned hospitals should update their conception and enhance their ability of marketing management.While the private hospitals need to maintain the moderation of marketing and deal with the relationship among marketing,profit and development properly.

Abstract: Objective　In order to provide reference for emergency treatment of a sudden food poisoning incident, pathogen detection and drug resistance analysis were carried out. Methods　Diarrheal stool and surplus food samples were detected by GB 4789 and the isolates were identified by VITEK2 and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), at the same time, the bacterial drug sensitivity test was carried out by using the method of microbroth dilution, and the isolates from different sources were molecularly classified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the correlation between the strains was analyzed by BioNumerics software. Results　Totaly 13 leftovers and 3 diarrhea patients were isolated and identified, The total number of colonies and coliforms in 7 leftovers samples all exceeded the standard, and Citrobacter freundii was detected in 5 leftovers and 2 stools. The results of drug sensitivity test showed that seven strains of Citrobacter freundii were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin, cefotaxime and meropenem, but completely resistant to ampicillin, and there was no multiple drug resistance. The results of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that 7 strains of Citrobacter freundii had the same PFGE bands and 100% homology, showing the same clone. Conclusions　This food poisoning incident was caused by Citrobacter freundii. The pathogen of food poisoning can be quickly and accurately determined by MALDI-TOF MS, which is beneficial to the early diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. It is suggested to strengthen the corresponding management, improve food safety awareness and prevent similar incidents.

Objective To search for the changes of T cells subpopulations and immunoglobulin and their relation-ship in children patients with simple nephrotic syndrome. Design Case-control research. Patients aud Participants 39 patients with simple nephrotic syndrome were divided into two groups:the incipient group and relapse group (6 cases were determined at the incipient and relapse time) .Thereare 28 patients in incipient group, 19 males and 9 females, at the age of 2 to 10 years old. There are20 patients in relapse group, 12 males and 8 females, at the age of 3 to 13 years old. There are 35health children in control group, 21 males and 14 females, 2～13 years old. Interventions T cells subpopulations were determined by indirect immunofluorescence of OKT linesmonoclonal antibodies. The serum IgG was determined by routine simple agar immunodiffusion tests. Results and Conclusions The CD_3~+ and CD_4~+ cells are of no change in the children patients withsimple nephrotic syndrome, and the CD_8~+ and CD_(10)~+ cells are obviously increased, the Values of CD_4~+/CD_8~+ are obviously lower than those in the control qroup, there are no difference between the incipientand relapse groups. The levels of serum IgG were decreased in the 85.3% children patients, IgM were inc-reased in 29.4% of that. The values of CD_4~+/CD_8~+ have positive correlation and negative correlationwith the levels of serum IgG and IgM respectively.

Objective To investigate the application of PDCA circulation in the patients undergoing liver transplantation.Methods Apart from 1 of experiment and 3 of control group failed to be followed up,116 cases undergoing liver transplantation in our liver transplant center from April 2009 to May 2011 were divided into the experiment group (n =59) and control group (n =57) by registration order.PDCA circulation was used in the experiment group,but in the control group,routine management mode was used.A self-designed questionnaire about the compliance of liver transplantation and the Satisfaction Degree of Patients to the Nursing Work and Quality of Life Index (QL-Index) were used to investigate at the first follow-up time.Results There was a significant difference between two groups in the aspects of habits and customs,drug-taking compliance,reasonable physical training,self-monitoring and the satisfaction degree of patients to the nursing work [57 vs 44,52 vs 39,51 vs 40,52 vs 40 ; 94.92％ vs 82.46％ ; x2 =6.3096,6.6646,4.5365,5.6991,4.5225,respectively;P ＜ 0.05].Overall life quality score of experimental group (6.52 ± 0.53) was higher than that in control group (4.36 ± 0.78),and the difference was statistically significant (t =17.498,P ＜ 0.05).All the items of QL-Index showed a significantly statistical difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Applying PDCA circulation can enhance the compliance and quality of life of patients undergoing liver transplantation and improve their satisfaction degree to the nursing work.

Objective To study the microbiology of root surface caries in elderly patients. Methods Seventy-five elderly people (aged 60～77 years) were divided into 2 groups:Control group of patients without root caries (n=30) and root caries group of patients with root caries without apicitis and pulpitis (n=45).Plaque samples were collected,cultured in selective and non-selective media.After the bacteria were isolated,the total count and the detection rates and bacterium numbers of porphyromonas,pervotella,streptococcus mutants group,actiomyces and lactobacillus were compared between the groups of control and root caries.Results The count of total bacteria, streptococcus mutants group,actinomyces,lactobacillus and of root caries group were significantly higher that those of the control group(4.73?0.75)lg(CFU/ml+1)vs(4.17?0.47)lg(CFU/ml+1), (3.89?0.89)lg(CFU/ml+1) vs (2.84?1.14) lg (CFU/ml+1),(3.24?1.89) lg (CFU/ml+1) vs (2.19?0.11)lg(CFU/ml+1),(3.24?1.11)lg(CFU/ml+1)vs(2.43?0.95)lg(CFU/ml+1), (2.67?0.70)lg(CFU/ml+1)vs (3.24?0.21)lg(CFU/ml+1),(P

AIM: In order to explore the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), an experimental colitis in mouse was induced by the hapten dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and the activity of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) was measured at the same time. METHODS: 67 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control (60% ethanol) and DNCB groups. After they were sensitized by smearing 3.3% DNCB on the abdominal skin, they were challenged with DNCB at concentration of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% respectively by instillation once a day. The weight, stool viscosity and hematochezia were observed and accumulated as disease active index (DAI) score. The pathological changes in colon tissue were judged macropathologically and by means of microscope. LMIF activity was determined by the absorbance (A) of migrated leukocytes. RESULTS: Compared to control group, the increases in DAI accumulate score, pathologic score, and LMIF activity in DNCB groups were observed. CONCLUSION: Mouse colitis was induced by DNCB, which was accompanied by an increase in LMIF activity. [

Background Previous studies showed that after herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea,matrix metallo proteinase-2 (MMP-2) (produced by corneal cells and corneal epithelial cells) plays an important role in the development of HSK.Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)plays an important role on the expression,release and activation of MMPs.This study explored the expressions of MMP-2 and FAK,which induced by HSV-1 infected human corneal epithelial cells.Objective To investigate MMP-2 and FAK expression in HSV-1 infected human corneal epithelial cells.Methods Human corneal epithelial cells were infected with HSV-1 in vitro to establish cell model of viral infection.The expression of MMP-2 and FAK were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR),Western blot,immunohistochemical method and immunofluorescence method at 2 hours,20 hours and 40 hours after infection.Results At 2 hours,20 hours and 40 hours after infection,the expressionis of MMP-2 mRNA and FAK mRNA were significantly increased in comparison with uninfected cells (MMP-2 mRNA:Ftime =0.968,P=0.436 ; Fgroup =47.649,P =0.000 ; Fi ion =0.757,P =0.536.FAK mRNA:Ftime =0.658,P =0.631 ; Fgroup =35.182,P=0.000;Finteraction =1.386,P=0.137).Western blot assays showed that there were no significant differences in p-FAK,FAK or MMP-2 expressions between infected cells and control cells after 2 hours (P＞0.05),but the expression levels of infected cells were significantly increased at 20 hours and 40 hours (both at P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry results showed that longer infection time was associated with an increased number of cells staining for MMP-2,FAK and p-FAK.Conclusions At the initial stage of HSV-1 infected,p-FAK plays an important role in the process of virus invading and MMP-2 activation.

Background Our previous study demonstrated that epigallocateehin-gallate(EGCG),an active ingredient of green tea,has protective effect on optical nerve after optic nerve crush.Astrocyte was proved to play key role in the repair of nerve tissue,but the influence of EGCG on astrocyte is unclear.Glial flbrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a special marker for astrocyte. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EGCG on the expression of GFAP in optic nerve tissue after optic nerve crush. Methods Seventy-two clean Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group,sham+EGCG group,optic nerve crush+normal saline group(vehicle group),optic nerve crush+EGCG group.Optic nerve crush models were established by clamping optical nerve for 60 seconds by minitype optic nerve clipper with the force of 40 gram.Only ocular tissue was cut in the rats in sham group.Normal saline solution or EGCG(25 mg/kg)was intraperitoneally injected daily for 5 days consecutively and orally administered(2 mg/kg)daily afterwards.The expression of GFAP in optic nerve was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified by Western blotting analysis on day 7,14 and 28 after modeling. Results lmmunochemistry showed that GFAP were weakly expressed in the rats of both normal group and sham+EGCG group with the sliSht brown staining in optic nerve tissue.The deeply brown staining for GFAP was seen in vehicle group,and the staining intensity weakened in optic nerve crush+EGCG group compared to vehicle group on days 7,14 and 28 after modeling.Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression level of GFAP in rat optic nerve tissue of vehicle group was significantly enhanced in comparison with normal control group(P＜0.01).On day 7 and 14 after optic nerve modeling,the expression levels of GFAP were evidently decreased in optic nerve crush+EGCG group in comparison with vehicle group(P＜0.05).However,on day 28 after modeling,no significant difference wag found in the expression levels of GFAP between vehicle group and optic nerve erush+EGCG group(P＞0.05). Conclusion EGCG down-regulates optic nerve crush-induced of GFAP in the optic nerve and therefore attenuates the activity of astrocytes,suggesting that EGCG might reduce the formation of glial scar.