The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many epithelial cancers,and is commonly caused by EGFR gene amplification and gene mutations. The most frequently occurring variant,the type III mutation (EGFRvIII) ,is characterized by an inframe deletion of exons 2-7 of the coding sequence. It is expressed only in tumors and not found in normal tissues, and therefore represents an attractive therapeutic target. The tumor therapy methods targeted for EGFRvIII include immu-notherapy, ribozyme, RNA interference, etc.

This paper introduced the concept of humanistic therapy and its connotation and application in the field of surgery, the spiritual essence and the docking and bioethics.The authors also analyzed the perioperative patients need humanistic therapy, including technology, ethics, psychology, the needs of the practice; discusses the humanistic therapy in clinical practice,includes:practice conditions, personnel, measures and problems.

0.05,respectively).But most inte-restingly,the MMP-9 showed a positive relevance(r=0.686,P

Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is one of the major causes of retinal detachment surgery failure.Based on proteomic studies of PVR vitreous,the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) protein was specifically expressed in the vitreous and serum of PVR patients.Furthermore,its expression level is higher in the vitreous and serum in severe PVR patients than that in mild PVR patients.Objective This experiment was to detect the expression of IGFBP-6 in a PVR rat model.Methods Seventy 7-week old male SPF Wistar rats were included and were randomized into the PVR model group and control group.A mixture of RPE-J cell suspension(5 μl) and platelet-rich plasma (5 μl) was intravitreally injected in the left eyes of adult Wistar rats to establish the PVR model,and normal saline solution was administered in the same way in the control group.The rat eyes were clinically examined 1 week,2,3 and 4 weeks after injection,and PVR was graded based on the criteria of Francine.The animals were sacrificed after 1 week,2,4 or 8 weeks for the preparation of retinal sections and liver extraction.Expression levels of IGFBP-6 mRNA in the rat retina and liver were assayed by real-time Q-PCR.The expression of IGFBP-6 protein in the rat serum and vitreous was detected by ELISA.The use of animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Purified IGFBP-6 RNA was extracted from the liver and retina of Wistar rat and quantified by real-time Q-PCR.The expression level of IGFBP-6 mRNA in retina was (3.79± 1.33) × 10-4 in the PVR model rats,showing a significant decline in comparison with the control rats with a level of(8.32±2.96) × 10 4,4 weeks after injection (t =3.42,P＜0.01).The expression of IGFBP-6 mRNA in the 4th week was significantly lower than that of 1 week,2 or 8 weeks after the establishment of the PVR model(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the IGFBP-6 mRNA level in the liver between the PVR group and control group(27.60± 14.01 × 10 4 vs.25.01 ± 12.04 ×10-4,respectively),as well as among the different time points(P＞0.05).IGFBP-6 mRNA content in the retina was significantly reduced in grades 1,2 or 3 of the PVR groups compared with the control group(P＞0.05),but there was no significant difference among the different grades of PVR groups (P＞0.05).Concentrations of IGFBP-6 protein in grades 1,2 and 3 of the PVR model group were (221.00 ± 19.32),(229.63 ± 18.89) and (225.70 ± 26.71) μg/L,with a significant elevation in comparison with (173.25 ±21.11) μg/L of the control group (t =2.14,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant change among the different grades of PVR groups(t=1.24,1.46,P＞0.05).The concentrations of IGFBP-6 protein in the vitreous and serum were higher in PVR rat samples (vitreous:225.44±19.36 μg/L;serum:108.48 ± 15.78 μg/L) than in control rats (vitreous:173.25 ± 21.11 μg/L,serum:95.96 ±17.40 μg/L)(P＜0.05).Conclusions The concentrations of IGFBP-6 protein in the vitreous and serum increase in PVR rats.The results indicate that the increased IGFBP-6 in the vitreous might be a localized autocrine secretion of the eye.

Background Our previous study demonstrated that kallikrein-kinin is a special protein in vitreous of the eye with proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR),and the expression intensity of kallikrein-kinin showed the positive correlation with the grade of PVR.Objective This study was to further explore whether kallikrein-kinin participate in the formation of PVR.Methods Rat retinal pigment epithelial cell line(RPE-J cells) was cultured in DMEM containing 4% fetal bovine serum and then prepared into suspension by PBS with the cells density of 2.5×108 cells/ml.Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by PBS with the platelet 2.5×108 /ml.RPE cell suspension(4μl) and platelet-rich plasma(6μl) was intravitreally injected in the left eyes of 30 clean Wistar rats to establish the PVR models,and 10μl sterile pyrogen-free normal saline solution was used in the same way in other matched rats as controls.The PVR was graded on Francine's criteria in 1 day,3,7,14,21,28 days after injection under the slit lamp.The serum,vitreous and retina were obtained in 28 days after injection to assess the expression of bradykinin using Western blot.The histopathology examination of rat retina was performed in the 28th day after injection.This experimental procedure followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Typical PVR was seen in 25 models with the successful rate 89.3% at 28 days after injection.PVR 1,2,3 grades were respectively exhibited in 7,14,28 days under the slit lamp.Infiltration of inflammatory cells and migration of RPE cells were found in the 7th day.In the 14th day after injection,RPE cells transformed into fibroblasts and retinal detachment occurred after that.Western blot analysis revealed that bradykinin was detected in vitreous,serum and retinal samples of rats in experimental and control rats,but the expression intensity was higher in the rats of model groups.Conclusion Intravitreal co-injection of RPE cells and platelet-rich plasma can effectively induce a model of PVR in Wistar rat.The kallikrein-kinin system probably takes part in the onset of PVR.

Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and Hedysarum polybotrys belong to different genera, but have similar drug efficacy in traditional Chinese medicine theory, and H. polybotrys was used as the legal A. membranaceus var. mongholicus previously. In this study, similarities and differences between them were analyzed via their ITS/ITS2 fragments information. The ITS (internal transcribed spacer) regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced in two-way. The alignment lengths of ITS regions were 616 bp, in which 508 loci were consistent, and 103 loci were different, accounting for 82.47% and 16.72% of the total ITS nucleotides in length, respectively. As genotype determines phenotype, 1HNMR-based metabolomic approach was further used to reveal the chemical similarities and differences between them. Thirty-four metabolites were identified in the 1H NMR spectra, and twenty-seven metabolites were the common components. Amino acids, carbohydrates and other primary metabolites were similar, while a large difference existed in the flavonoids and astragalosides. This study suggests that A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and H. polybotrys show similarities and differences from molecular and chemical perspectives, which has laid a foundation for elucidating the effective material basis of drug with similar efficacy and resources utilization.
Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; genetics ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics

Objective To evaluate the value of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing intrauterine adhesions.Methods Transvaginal ultrasound was performed in 136 patients with suspicious intrauterine adhesions and compared with hysteroscopy correspondingly .The ultrasonographic features of intrauterine adhesions on transvaginal ultrasound were summarized .Results One hundred and twenty one cases (89.0%, 121/136 ) of intrauterine adhesions were verified by hysteroscopy .The hysteroscopic findings included:(1) Forty seven cases(38.9%,47/121) were minimal intrauterine adhesions , 46 cases(38.0%, 46/121) were moderate intrauterine adhesions , and 28 cases (23.1%,28/121) were severe intrauterine adhesions.(2) Sixty one cases(50.4%,61/121) were central intrauterine adhesions , 24 cases(19.8%, 24/121) were marginal intrauterine adhesions , and 36 cases (29.8%, 36/121) were mixed type of intrauterine adhesions.The transvaginal ultrasound findings included:(1)Nineteen cases(40.4%,19/47) were minimal intrauterine adhesions ,33 cases(71.7%,33/46)were moderate intrauterine adhesions ,and 23 cases(82.1%,23/28) were severe intrauterine adhesions .(2) Thirty nine cases (63.9%,39/61) were central intrauterine adhesions ,9 cases(37.5%,9/24) were marginal intrauterine adhesions ,and 27 cases (75.0%, 27/36 ) were mixed type of intrauterine adhesions .By transvaginal ultrasound, seventy-five (62.0%,75/121) cases of intrauterine adhesions were correctly diagnosed , whereas 46 cases (38.0%, 46/121) were missed.And 3 cases ( 3.8%, 3/78 ) were misdiagnosed as intrauterine adhesions on transvaginal ultrasound,including one endometrial polyp ,one thin endometrium and one septate uterus .The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing intrauterine adhesions were 62.0%(75/121), 80.0%(12/15) and 64.0%(87/136) respectively.There were significant statistical differences in diagnosing different degrees of intrauterine adhesions ( χ2 =15.956,P=0.000) and different parts of intrauterine adhesions( χ2 =8.792,P=0.012) by transvaginal ultrasound.Conclusions Transvaginal ultrasound is an effective, easy to perform and noninvasive technique in screening and diagnosing intrauterine adhesions.Transvaginal ultrasound is an effective way in diagnosing intrauterine adhesions showing a noninvasive and simpler way than hysteroscopy .Transvaginal ultrasound is of great value in screening and diagnosing intrauterine adhesions .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of phosphorylated protein kinase C epsilon (pPKC epsilon) on apoptosis of 32D cells induced by sera from patients with aplastic anemia (AA).

METHODSThe expression of pPKC epsilon and apoptosis in 32D cells were measured by Western blotting and flow cytometry after incubation with sera from healthy individuals (controls, n = 8), patients with severe AA ( SAA, n = 8)and non severe AA (NSAA, n = 6).

RESULTSAfter incubation for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours in the presence of serum and for another 4 hours in medium deprived of serum, the levels of pPKC epsilon in cells in SAA and NSAA group increased gradually, peaked at 24 hours, and then declined (P < 0.05). Compared with that in control group (0.54 +/- 0.08), pPKC epsilon was overexpressed in both SAA group (0.90 +/- 0.10) and NSAA group (0.64 +/- 0.08) (P < 0.05) after 24 hours incubation with serum and subsequent 4 hours without serum. pPKC epsilon level was higher in SAA group than in NSAA group (P < 0.05). A greater proportion of 32D cells showed apoptosis after 24 hours incubation with sera from SAA patients [(4.05 +/- 1.05)%] and subsequent 4 hours incubation without serum than that in controls [(2.45 +/- 0.51)%, P < 0.05], which was correlated with the same serum-induced expression of pPKC epsilon (r = 0.869, P < 0.05). Although the mean level of pPKC epsilon expression was higher in NSAA group than in control group, no significant difference of apoptosis was found between the two groups [(2.45 +/- 0.51)% vs (3.24 +/- 0.56)%, P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSera from both SAA and NSAA patients could upregulate the expression of pPKC epsilon in 32D cells. The SAA sera induce apoptosis in 32D cells significantly, but the latter do not.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; enzymology ; pathology ; Apoptosis ; Case-Control Studies ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C-epsilon ; blood ; Young Adult

To determine the optimum conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction of Xiaoyaosan, and establish its fingerprint by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the yield of extract were investigated, an orthogonal test was used to quantify the effects of extraction temperature, pressure, CO2 flow rate and time, and fingerprint analysis of different batches of extracts were by GC-MS. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction pressure 20 MPa, extraction temperature 50 degrees C, CO2 flow rate 25 kg x h(-1), extraction time 3 h, and average yield 2.2%. The GC-MS fingerprint was established and 27 common peaks were found, whose contents add up to 81.89% of the total peak area. Among them, 21 compounds were identified, accounting for 53.20% of the total extract. The extraction process is reasonable and favorable for industrial production. The GC-MS method is accurate, reliable, reproducible, and can be used for quality control of supercritical CO2 extract from Xiaoyaosan.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To reveal and forecast the incidence trend of Brucellosis, in order to provide acientific basis for future intervention and policy-making. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze and statistically describe the distribution of the disease in different times, different locations and different (7.0783/10 million to 13.1257/10 million) and Qingxu ( 1.4811/10 million to 8.5241/10 million) were higher,followed by Yangqu county(0 to 5.8232/10 million), Xiaodian(0.8108/l0 million to 2.4229/10 million) and Jinyuan district ( 0.5329/ 10 million to 1.5896/10 million), and the remaining counties(districts) in the annual There were 223 cases of Brucellosis patients from 2006 to 2009 in Taiyuan. Vocational high risk population was farmers, with a total of 140 cases, accounting for 62.78% of the total number of incidence, followed by students and workers, respectively, 13, 14 cases, accounting for 5.83% and 6.28%, other occupational groups, 56 cases,77.58%;28 cases aged above 60 years, accounting for 12.56%;22 cases aged younger than 19 years, accounting identical in the four years, most cases occurred in spring and summer and showing a clear seasonal high.Conclusions The incidence trend of Brucellosis is on the rise from 2006 to 2009. High risk population is farmer,and the number of younger patients is on the rise, we propose strengthen protection for high risk groups.