Cytochrome P450 are abundant in Streptomyces which play an important role in the biosynthesis of secondary products and metabolism of exotic chemicals of Streptomyces. Recent progress and function of cytochrome P450 in Streptomyces were reviewed in this paper. The problems in study of Streptomyces Cytochrome P450, and the prospects for future study of cytochrome P450 and its application were also discussed.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Humans

Objective To investigate the value of shear wave elastography (SWE)on characterizing components and identifying the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo on a rabbit model.Methods The accuracy,as well as the inter-and intra-observer variance of quantifying the Young's modulus by SWE technique was first evaluated with the CIRS? phantoms as the golden standard.Animal model was developed by abdominal aorta endothelium denudation and high-cholesterol diet for 24 weeks on 20 purebred New Zealand rabbits.SWE images of atherosclerotic plaques found in the abdominal aortas were acquired in situ to acquire the Young's modulus.Then the plaques were harvested and matched with the distance between the right renal artery and the plaques recorded during SWE imaging.Histological slices were stained for fat,collagen,smooth muscle cells (SMC)and macrophages by Oil O red,picric Sirius red and anti-α-SMC,anti-RAM-1 1 immunohistology.Vulnerability index was also calculated as the percentage of (macrophage+fat)/(smooth muscle cell+collagen ).The correlation between the Young's modulus and plaque components and vulnerability index was analyzed.The value of SWE on differentiating plaque types was evaluated by ROC analysis.Results High agreement was found between the estimated Young's modulus by SWE and the gold standard.The coefficient of variant of inter-and intra-observer was very low at the range of 1.0%-3.8%.Ten fatty and twenty fibro-fatty plaques were obtained,totally.The maximal and mean Young's moduli of the fatty plaque were (49.90±22.95)kPa and (40.15±22.60)kPa,which were lower than those of the fibro-fatty plaques [(88.49±37.27)kPa and (72.93±29.21)kPa,respectively].The maximal Young's modulus obtained by SWE correlated positively with collagen and SMC (r =0.567 and 0.561,respectively with P <0.001),and negatively with fat and macrophage infiltration (r =-0.542 and-00.482,respectively with P <0.005).The mean Young's modulus also correlated positively with collagen and SMC (r=0.532 and 0.550,respectively with P <0.05),and negatively with fat and macrophage (r=-0.527 and -0.421,respectively with P <0.05).The same inclination could be observed between the minimal Young's modulus and the above components without statistical significance.Both the maximal and the mean Young's modulus correlated negatively with the vulnerable index (r =-0.620 and -0.619, respectively with P <0.001 ).ROC analysis revealed high sensitivity (85%)and specificity (80%)for differentiating fatty plaques from fibro-fatty plaques by Young's modulus.Conclusions SWE can be used for estimation of the Young's modulus of atherosclerotic plaques with high accuracy and reproducibility. Good correlation is evidenced between the Young's modulus and plaque components and vulnerability.Fatty and fibro-fatty plaques can be differentiated by Young's modulus with high sensitivity and specificity.Thus, SWE technique is promising for identifying vulnerable plaques.

ObjectiveTo study the risk factor, semeiology and neuroimaging abnormalities of dyskinetic cerebral palsy.MethodsA hospital-based study, 136 children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy were examined neurologically and their perinatal history was reviewed. Their cranial CT or MRI findings were studied. The association between the gestational ages, CP types and the radiological appearances were analyzed.Results124 cases (91.18%) were found obviously risk factors, including asphyxia (34 cases), pathological hyperbilirubinemia (70 cases), both asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia (11 cases) and others (8 cases). According to the clinical and neurological features, 60 (44.12%) were chorea-athetoid cerebral palsy, 26 (19.12%) were dystonic cerebral palsy, and 50 (36.76%) were athetoid-spastic cerebral palsy. Those with asphyxia were mainly athetoid-spastic whereas cases with pathological hyperbilirubinemia were mainly chorea-athetoid cerebral palsy. The abnormal rates of cranial MRI scans was 52.9%, and it was higher in the group of asphyxia than pathological hyperbilirubinemia, preterm than term. The main findings on MRI scans were as follows: periventricular leucomalacia(PVL) 28 (38.8%), diffuse bilateral atrophy 20 (27.8%), focal abnormalities in the basal ganglia1 and/or temporal lobe 18 (24.0%).ConclusionMRI abnormalities of the brain were correlated with semeiologic subtypes, risk factors, and the gestational age at birth.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the latency of posture evoked response of normal lower limb muscle in different stimulations and explore its influencing factors. METHODS: The normal lower limb was induced to produce postural evoked response by the dynamic posturography through two kinds of perturbations, the supporting surface rotation stimulation (Toes-up and Toes-down) and the horizontal perturbation stimulation (Forward and Backward). The latencies of tibialis anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscle were recorded by surface electromyography acquisition system. The differences of the left and right limb, gender and height on the latency of postural evoked response were analyzed. RESULTS: (1) Under the Toes-up and Backward perturbation, the latency of tibialis anterior muscle was longer than gastrocnemius muscle; under the Toes-down and Forward perturbation, the latency of gastrocnemius muscle was longer than tibialis anterior muscle. (2) The latencies of left limb and right limb had no significant difference. (3) The latency in male was longer than that in female. (4) The latency gradually increased with the increase of height. CONCLUSION In the postural evoked response, different perturbations, gender and height have significant impacts on the latency of posture evoked response of lower limb muscle. However, the effect of height and gender should be not considered referring to the same individual.
Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology* ; Posture

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Chinese herbs (CH) for cool-moistening and freeing collaterals on gastro-dynamic disturbance in patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 with gastroparesis (DM-GP).

METHODSFifty-three patients of DM-GP were enrolled and treated with CH (n = 28) and Cisapride (n = 25) respectively for 4 weeks, the changes of gastrin and electro-gastrogram (EGG) before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the EGG improved significantly, showing the rhythm significantly improved, and level of serum gastrin lowered significantly, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P<0.01), but insignificant difference was found between the two groups. Fifteen patients in each group were followed-up afar stopping medication for 3 months, recurrence occurred in 1 patient of CH treated group, and 2 patients of Cisapride treated group. No adverse reaction was found in the rest patients.

CONCLUSIONCH could obviously improve the gastro-intestinal motility and hormones abnormality.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electromyography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Gastric Emptying ; drug effects ; Gastrins ; blood ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Gastroparesis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

This study aimed to explore the outcomes of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol (PPOS) in aged infertile women who failed to get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycles with GnRH-a long protocol.A self-controlled study was conducted to retrospectively investigate the clinical outcomes of 104 aged infertile patients who didn't get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET treatment by stimulating with GnRH-a long protocol (non-PPOS group),and underwent PPOS protocol (PPOS group) in the second cycle between January 2016 and December 2016 in the Center for Reproductive Medicine,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.The primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed embryos transfer (FET) in PPOS group,and good-quality embryo rate in both groups.The secondary outcomes were fertilization rate,egg utilization rate and cycle cancellation rate.The results showed that there were no significant differences in basal follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH),antral follicle count (AFC),duration and total dosage of gonadotropin (Gn),number of oocytes retrieved,intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) rate,fertilization rate,and cycle cancellation rate between the two groups (P＞0.05).However,the oocyte utilization rate and good-quality embryo rate in PPOS group were significantly higher than those in non-PPOS group (P＜0.05).By the end of April 2017,62 FET cycles were conducted in PPOS group.The clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate were 22.58％ and 12.70％,respectively.In conclusion,PPOS protocol may provide better clinical outcomes by improving the oocyte utilization rate and good-quality embryo rate for aged infertile patients who failed to get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycles.

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of direct antiglobulin testing(DAT)in anemia in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods Red blood cell(RBC)-related parameters detection and DAT were performed among 30 healthy persons,30 CHB patients,and 50 severe CHB patients,clinical factors related to posi-tive DAT were analyzed.Results RBC count,hemoglobin (Hb)concentration,and hematocrit(HCT)level in severe CHB patients were all lower than CHB patients and healthy group(P <0.05),RBC distribution width(RDW)in severe CHB patients were all higher than CHB patients and healthy group(P<0.05);the positive rate of DAT in patients with se-vere CHB,CHB,and healthy group were 62.82%,13.33% and 0 respectively.RBC count,Hb concentration,and HCT level in severe CHB patients with positive DAT were all lower than severe CHB patients with negative DAT (all P <0.05),while RDW was higher than the latter (P=0.001);after RBC was separated through capillary,positive intensity of DAT of aged RBCs was higher than young RBCs in severe CHB patients (P <0.001);among severe CHB patients, DAT-positive and-negative patients differed in gender,age,alanine aminotransferase,total bilirubin,complement C3, C-reactive protein,and complication of diabetes(all P≤0.05).Conclusion Anemia in severe CHB patients may be re-lated to immune hemolysis of aged RBCs induced by antibody adsorption.

OBJECTIVETo investigate pathological changes in the epileptogenic foci of children with intractable epilepsy and their clinical significance.

METHODSThirty children with intractable epilepsy were included in the study. The epileptogenic foci were surgically resected and pathological changes in the obtained specimens were observed under a light microscope (LM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSUnder the LM, cortical dysplasia was found in 14 cases (47%), hippocampal sclerosis in 11 cases (37%), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in 1 case (3%), ganglioglioma in 1 case (3%), and encephalomalacia in 3 cases (10%). The TEM observation revealed pathological changes in the ultrastructure of the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortex, such as changes in the number of synapses and synaptic structure, decrease in neurons and karyopyknosis, swelling and degeneration of astrocytes, and changes in mitochondrial structures.

CONCLUSIONSPathological changes in the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortex, especially synaptic remodeling, may be the morphological basis for spontaneous recurrent seizures in children with intractable epilepsy. The pathological changes and epileptiform activity are related to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.

Adolescent ; Brain ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

This paper is aimed to develop rapid, sensitive and convenient HPLC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of levosimendan and its metabolites OR-1855 and OR-1896 in human plasma. According to the different natures of the compounds, two sets of liquid chromatography and ionization modes were used for determination the concentration of levosimendan and its metabolites OR-1855 and OR-1896 in human plasma, separately. Following protein precipitation with methanol, the levosimendan and internal standard (rosuvastatin) were separated on a Capcell MG III C18 column (35 mm x 2.0 mm ID, 3 microm) with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-15 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate-formic acid (55: 45: 0.02, v/v/v). A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as the detector and operated in the negative ion mode. Its metabolites OR-1855, OR-1896 and internal standard doxofylline were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Zorbax Extend C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-15 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate-formic acid (65 :35 :0.1, v/v/v). A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as the detector and operated at the positive ion mode. The linear concentration ranges of the calibration curves for levosimendan and OR-1855 and OR-1896 were 0.10-50.0 ng x mL(-1), 0.20-100 ng x mL(-1), 0.20-100 ng x mL(-1), respectively. The lower limits of quantification of levosimendan and OR-1855 and OR-1896 were 0.10 ng x mL(-1), 0.20 ng x mL(-1), 0.20 ng x mL(-1), respectively. The methods proved to be sensitive, simple and rapid, and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of levosimendan injection.
Acetamides ; blood ; Cardiotonic Agents ; blood ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Hydrazones ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Pyridazines ; blood ; metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods