Objective To study and compare the protective effects of pmtease inhibitor and corticosteroid on endotoxin-indueed acute lung injury in order to guide the choice of appropriate drugs. Method Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided(random number) into four groups with 8 rabbits in each, namely normal controls(C) ; lipopolysaecharide(LPS) group(L) ; ulinastatin(UTI) group(U) and dexamcthasone(DEX) group (D) .Except group C, all rabbits were injected with a dose of LPS 600 μg/kg iv. Meanwhile the rabbits in group U,group D received UTI(100 000 μ/kg), DEX(5 mg/kg), respectively. The specimens were collected 4 hours later for detecting the levels of TNF-α and NO in serum, and blood gas analysis, histological manifestations, the lung wet/dry weight ratio, lung tissue MPO and SOD activity, lung tissue MDA. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (SNK- q test), and P < 0.05 was considered as significantly different. Results Compared with group C, the lungs of the rabbits in group L had inflammatory granulocyte infdtration, diffused alveolar septum thickening and hemorrhagic spots were observed in pathological examinations. The histological changes of group U and group D were much lessened than those in group L. As groups U and D were compared with group L, there were significant differences inmany biomarkers including lung wet/dry weight ratio[(5.02±0.11),(4.93±0.13) vs.(5.37 ±0.29)],lung tissue MPO activity[(0.51 ± 0.05),(0.54±0.07) vs.(0.82 ± 0.09)] and MDA[(0.82 ±0.05),(0.81 ±0.04) vs.(0.96±0.05)], NO[(296.2± 11.7),(291.7 ± 15.8) vs.(351.8±19.6)] and TNF-α[group D(2.021 ± 0.122) vs. group L(4.999 ± 0.139)],lung tissue SOD activity[(120.3 ± 6.1),(122.6±3.5) vs.(105.1 ± 8.5)] and blood gas analysis[pH(7.30±0.23),(7.30±0.17) vs.(7.22±0.45) and PaO_2( 101.9 ± 6.8).( 102.5 ± 4.7) vs.(80.3 ± 3.3)] ; but there were no differences of above mentioned biomarkers between group U and D( P > 0.05). And there were no significant differences in PaCO_2 betweeu group U and D and group L[(37.0 ± 3.3),(37.6 ± 3.0) vs.(34.8 ± 2.3)]( P > 0.05). Conclusions The protective effects of ulinastatin on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury is comparable to those of dexamethasone, thus the former may be a clinical substitute for the latter with less side effects.

In view of the effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of clinical depression, the mechanism is not clear, this study attempts to research the cause of depression in a complex situation to lay the foundation for the next step of TCM curative effect evaluation. Based on the brain wave of 120 depression patients and 40 ordinary person, the change regulation of acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters in the whole and various encephalic regions' multi-neurotransmitters of depression patients-serotonin are analysed by search of encephalo-telex (SET) system, which lays the foundation for the diagnosis of depression. The result showed that: contrased with the normal person group, the mean value of the six neurotransmitters in depression patients group are: (1) in the whole encephalic region of depression patients group the dopamine fall (P < 0.05), and in the double centralregions, right temporal region and right parietal region distinct fall (P < 0.01); (2) in the right temporal region of depression patients group the serotonin rise (P < 0.05); (3) in the right central region, left parietal region of depression patients group the acetylcholine fall (P < 0.05), left rear temporal region fall obviously (P < 0.01). The correlation research between antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitters: (1) the three antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters-serotonin and dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine, depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters, in ordinary person group and depression patients group are characterizeed by middle or strong negative correlation. Serotonin and dopamine, which are characterized by weak negative correlation in the right rear temporal region of ordinary person group, are characterized by strong negative correlation in the other encephalic regions and the whole encephalic (ordinary person group except the right rear temporal region: the range of [r] is [0.82, 0.92], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group:the range of [r] is [0.88, 0.94], P < 0.01); acetylcholine and norepinephrine, in the whole and various encephalic region are characterized by middle negative correlation(ordinary person group:the range of [r] is [0.39, 0.76], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: the range of [Ir] is [0.56, 0.64], P < 0.01); depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters are characterized by middle strong negative correlation (ordinary person group: the range of [r] is [0.57, 0.80], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group: the range of [r] is [0.68, 0.78], P < 0.01). (2) The two neurotransmitters which are not antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters, serotonin and excited neurotransmitters, or acetylcholine and depression neurotra-nsmitters, or dopamine and depression neurotransmitters in the various encephalic regions are characterized by weak negative correlation. Serotonin and excited neurotransmitters are characterizeed by weak negative correlation (ordinary person group: in the right central region, left parietal region, double front temporal regions, right rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.25, 0.50], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole encephalic regions, double parietal regions, double occipital regions, right front temporal region, left central region, left frontal region, the range of [r] is [0.18, 0.37], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); acetylcholine and depression, neurotransmitters are characterized by weak negative correlation (ordinary person group: in the double frontal regions, left parietal region, left front temporal region, right rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.31, 0.46], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in double rear temporal regions, right front temporal region, double occipital regions, left central region, the range of [r] is [0.20, 0.32] , P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); do-pamine and depression neurotransmitters are characterized by weak middle negative correlation (ordinary person group: in left parietal region, right central region, left frontal region, left occipital region, double front temporal regions, the range of [r] is [0.33, 0.68], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole region and other various regions except the left frontal region, right central region, the range of Irl is [0.21, 0.34], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Dopamine and acetylcholine or norepinephrine and serotonin are characterized by weak positive correlation in all encephalic regions. Dopamine and acetylcholine are characterized by weak positive correlation (ordinary person group: in left frontal region, right parietal region, left front temporal region and left rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.37, 0.46], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group: in the whole region and the orther various regions except the double central regions, the range of [r] is [0.23, 0.5], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); norepinephrine and serotonin are characterized by weak positive correlation (ordinary person group: in double front temporal regions, double rear temporal regions, right frontal region and left parietal region, the range of [r] is [0.34, 0.48], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole and various regions, the range of [r] is [0.18, 0.42], P < 0.01). The main differences between the depression patients group and ordinary person group are: (1) In the whole regin, left frontal region and right central region of depression patients group, the six neurotransmitters all fall normally (P < 0.05). (2) The percent of dopamine falling or including dopamine falling, or including dopamine falling and serotonin rising in depression patients group increases. The percent of dopamine falling or including dopamine falling in the whole region, right frontal region, right central region increases (P < 0.01), such as dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing, dopamine decreasing norepinephrine increasing depression neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing and so on. (3) The percent of acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling and neurotransmitters (beta)-receptor)rising in depression patients group increases. The percent of acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling in the right temporal region, double central regions increases (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), such as acetylcholine decreasing, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increaseng, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing depression neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing and so on. It's showed in research that depression patients' brain are characterized by multi-neurotransmitters abnormal, the synchronous change of multi-neurotransmitters has some certain regularities, which are not the simple linear relation. It's conformed that the three antagonizing pairs, neurotransmitters-serotonin and dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine, depression eurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters of ordinary person group and depression patients group, are both characterized by strong antagonizing relation, that the two neurotransmitters which are not antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters are characterized by weak positive correlation or negative correlation, prompt maybe has the indirect causal relationship. And the change of six neurotransmitters in depression patients' various encephalic regions is rather complex. It's conformed preliminarily that the right frontal region and right central region are characterized by dopamine decreasing, acetylcholine decreasing, serotonin increasing dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing, dopamine decreasing norepinephrine increasing excited neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing, acetylchoine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing excited neurotransmitters decreasing and so on. Contrasted with the ordinary person group, the depression patients group have the notable difference.
Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.

METHODSArchival material of 22 patients with a histologic diagnosis of sarcoidosis were retrieved. Real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect DNA fragments of the complex-specific insertion sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy samples.

RESULTSAmong the 22 samples studied, Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was detected in 11 cases. The sequence of PCR amplified IS6110 DNA fragments completely matched with the related sequence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene.

CONCLUSIONSMycobacterium tuberculosis DNA is identified in a certain proportion of patients with a clinicopathologic diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be an important etiologic agent, at least in some of these patients.

Adult ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sarcoidosis ; microbiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of caffeine citrate and aminophylline in the treatment of primary apnea in premature infants.

METHODSThe clinical data of 125 premature infants with primary apnea from March 2013 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the therapeutic strategy, the patients were divided into caffeine citrate group (n=65) and aminophylline group (n=60). The overall response rates and adverse reaction rates in the two groups were compared.

RESULTSThe overall response rate in the caffeine citrate group was 86% (56 cases), which was significantly higher than that in the aminophylline group (72%, 43 cases) (P<0.05). The adverse reactions in the caffeine citrate group included tachycardia (1 case), restlessness (5 cases), feeding intolerance (7 cases), electrolyte disturbance (2 cases), and high blood glucose (5 cases), the incidence of which was significantly lower than that in the aminophylline group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCaffeine citrate is more effective and causes fewer adverse reactions than aminophylline in the treatment of primary apnea in premature infants.

Aminophylline ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Apnea ; drug therapy ; Caffeine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Citrates ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To assess mucin gene expression in Barrett's esophagus.Methods Mucin core protein-MUC1,MUC2,MUC3,MUCSAC and MUC6 were detected by immunohistochemistry.The re- lationship between mucin expression and magnification-endoscopic characteristics,pathohistologic epithelial types of Barrett's esophagus was analyzed.Results Mild expression of MUC1 was predominantly found in the superficial epithelium of both gastric and specialised intestinal metaplasia.In a small number of specimens, mild expression of MUC1 was also noted in glands.Strong MUC2 expression was noted only in the goblet cells in Barrett's oesophagus.MUC3 was expressed in the superficial columnar cells of specialized intestinal metaplasia with or without globlet cells but not in gastric metaplasia of the oesophagus.In some specimens MUC3 was expressed in the vacuolus of the globlet cells and the lumen of gland.Strong staining of MUCSAC was noted in the columnar epithelium of both gastric metaplasia and specialized intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's oesophagus,as well as expressed in the cytoplasm and vacuolus of the globlet cells in some speci- mens.Expression of MUC6 protein was detected at the basement of the crypts in gastric metaplasia and spe- cialised Barrett's glands.Expression of MUC2 and MUC3 protein was found much higher in villous or irregu- lar pit pattern than that in dot or rod pit pattern(P

Objective To explore the tumor cell apoptosis induced by the effect in vitro of eukaryotic ex pression of full-length TRAIL cDNA and its extracellular region. Methods The eukaryotic expression vectors for both forms of the cDNA acquired from the fetal heart cDNA library were constructed. After gene transfecting, the stable expression cell lines were obtained by G418 screening. Results The supernatants from tansfectants could induce apoptosis of different tumor cell lines in vitro, and an enhanced effect was observed by adding TFAR19 (TF-1 cell apoptosis-related protein 19), a novel apoptosis gene product discovered in our laboratory. Conclusion Eukaryotic expression products of TRAIL can induce apoptosis of the tumor cells, and TFAR19 could enhance the effect on apoptosis of tumor cells.

Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; classification ; surgery

ObjectiveTo study the quality control methods for 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 kit and injection.MethodsThe appearance,pH,contents of the bases,the labeling yield,asepsis and bacterial endotoxins of 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 kits from three different batches were examined.The kit stability was estimated under different conditions.The transparence,pH,radiochemical purity,half-life,asepsis and bacterial endotoxins of 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 injection were tested.ResultsThe 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 kit and injection were both achromous and transparent,with pH values being 5.9 ± 0.1 and 5.5 - 7.0 respectively.The contents of stannous chloride and TRODAT-1 were stable.The labeling yield of the kit and the radiochemical purity of the injection were both ≥95％.The asepsis test demonstrated that the characters of 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 kit and injection were qualified.TRODAT-1 kit was stable at 0 -4 ℃ for 6 months or at room temperature (20 -25 ℃ )for 10 days,and the radiochemical purity of the injection was still ＞ 90％ at room temperature for 8 hours.ConclusionsThe quality control methods for 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 kit are simple and practical.The kit and injection are qualified and can be used for clinical application.

Objective To obtain the transcriptome database and differentially expressed genes of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. by Illumina HiSeq 4000; To provide important molecular information for its molecular biology research. Methods Leaves and roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. were chosen as experimental materials to conduct transcriptome sequencing. Then bioinformatics analysis of gene function annotations, metabolic pathways, and microsatellites was performed on the test data. Results 24.13 Gb Clean Data were assembled. Afer assembly steps, 84 433 of T. hemsleyanum Unigene were obtained, and then they were compared in the 7 gene database, and 47 766 annotated information of Unigene was obtained. There were 27 790 annotations in the GO database. The number of differentially expressed genes in the roots, stems and leaves was 4989, of which 3511 were up-regulated and 1478 were down-regulated. The COG database obtained 16 152 homologous sequences of Unigene, which were divided into 25 categories. In the KEGG database, there were 14 511 Unigene obtained the corresponding Ko number, which could be divided into 130 branches of signal metabolism, among which the number of Unigene in the ribosome synthesis pathway was the most, with 1042, and there was only 1 Unigene in the biosynthetic pathway of isoflavones. Conclusion A large number of transcripts of the transcriptome were obtained through splicing, assembling and functional annotation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg., which can provide genomic database resources for molecular biology research of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg.

OBJECTIVETo investigate mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 and 21 in non-small cell lung carcinoma and to explore their clinicopathological correlations.

METHODDNA was extracted from the excised tumor specimens of 66 non-small cell lung carcinoma patients by traditional phenol-chloroform and ethanol precipitation. Exons 19 and 21 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by direct sequencing in both sense and antisense directions.

RESULTSEGFR somatic mutations were present in 11 of 66 patients (16.7%), including 7 cases of in-frame deletion involving exon 19 and 4 cases of amino acid substitution involving exon 21. Mutations were more frequently observed in women (9/34, 26.5%) than in men (2/32, 6.3%), in adenocarcinomas (10/43, 23.3%) than squamous (0/13) and adenosquamous carcinomas (1/10). There was no difference in the mutation rates between smokers and non-smokers. Those with adenocarcinoma with bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC) components had higher frequency of EGFR mutation (6/11) than those without non-BAC element (4/32, 12.5%).

CONCLUSIONSThe mutations appear to occur in highly selected subgroups of lung cancer patients: adenocarcinomas with BAC components and patients of the female gender. The results may offer practical approach to the rapid identification of lung cancer patients who likely respond to EGFR inhibitor therapy.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Sex Factors