Objective To explore the clinical effect of probiotics combined with saline enema in the treatment of infantile diarrhea and its effect on serum inflammatory factors.Methods 186 cases of infantile diarrhea were selected,they were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method:probiotics group,montmorillonite group and control group.Patients in probiotics group were administered with clostridium butyricum combined with saline enema,and patients in the montmorillonite group were treated by montmorillonite combined with saline enema,and the control group was given routine treatment.Then,the clinical symptom relief time,total effective rate,serum inflammatory factor concentration and adverse reaction were observed and compared.Results The total effective rate of the probiotics group was 98.39%,and that of the montmorillonite group was 96.77%,both of which were significantly better than 80.65% of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =11.408,P =0.000;χ2 =8.432,P =0.018).After treatment,the serum levels of inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor -α(TNF -α)in the probiotics group,montmorillonite group,control group were (8.30 ±2.33)pg/mL,(8.54 ± 2.47)pg/mL,(12.49 ±3.44)pg/mL,and the difference was statistically significant(F =5.120,P =0.014),also, the serum levels of interleukin -6(IL -6)in the three groups were (10.08 ±5.46)pg/mL,(11.24 ±5.84)pg/mL, (14.02 ±5.97)pg/mL,the difference was statistically significant(F =34.015,P =0.000).There were 2 cases of constipation in the montmorillonite group,the incidence rate was 3.23%,and there was no adverse reaction in the other two groups.Conclusion The effect of probiotics combined with saline enema in the treatment of infantile diarrhea is similar to that of montmorillonite,which can promote the children to alleviate the symptoms,shorten the length of hospital stay,reduce inflammation,and has no adverse reactions such as constipation,it is worth to be recom-mended widely for clinical application.

Objective To learn the control status of iodine deficiency disorders in Baoji City of Shaanxi Province.Methods From 2009 to 2011,according to the National Iodized Salt Monitoring Program,the iodized salt was monitored,and thyroid was examined in 12 counties(areas) of Baoji City.According to rural and urban area stratification,60 children aged 8 to 10 were selected in each county(district),and their urine samples were collected for determination of iodine content.In 2011,per capita daily salt intake was surveyed by the three weighing method at children's home whose urine was collected.Chencang Area,Fufeng County and Taibai County,representatives of Baoji City different geomorphic features were selected for investigation of water iodine,and urinary iodine of pregnant and lactating women,and 15 people were selected in each county (district).Results From 2009-2011,in the 12 counties(areas) in Baoji City,the coverage rate of iodized salt was all 100.00％(3468/3468); the qualified rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were all ＞ 99.00％.Children's goiter rate was 3.41％(87/2548),3.06％(77/2520) and 3.33％(84/2520),and they were all less than that of the national standard (＜ 5％).Medians of urinary iodine of 8-10 years old children were 368.20,293.80 and 332.50 μg/L,respectively,and the ratios of urine iodine ≥300 μg/L were accounted for 66.42％ (797/1200),48.05％(692/1440) and 56.67％(816/1440),respectively.Median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 301.81 μg/L and lactating women was 329.79 μg/L.A total of 1116 households were investigated,the median of per capita daily salt intake was 8.9 g.Eighteen water samples were collected,range of water iodine value were 0.60-10.25 μg/L.Conclusions Iodine nutrition in general population of Baoji City is exceeded the optimum level,and the current iodized salt concentration has some down space,but fully consideration should be taken on iodine needs in different iodine deficiency areas and among different groups of people.

Objective To investigate the use of assistive devices for children with physical disability. Methods Caregivers of children　with physical disability accepted wheelchairs, walkers, standing frames, orthoses freely from 2009 to 2011 were cluster sampled from various　regions, and investigated with the quality, use, service and others. Results and Conclusion Disabled children and their caregivers expressed　satisfaction with these assistive devices. However, the satisfaction of orthosis was the poorest among the assistive devices.

Cerebellum ; surgery ; Cystadenoma, Papillary ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Epididymis ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Kidney ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the association of PGC-1 α gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Southern China Han population. Methods 350 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their parents and 366 normal Han volunteers were recruited in the study. Their blood specimens were collected to extract the genornic DNA. Thr394Thr(G/A), Gly482Ser(G/A), Thr528Thr(A/G) and Thr612Met (C/T) genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP and DNA direct sequencing. The possible association was analyzed between diabetic patients with the specific cSNPs and their haplotypes by case-control and haplotype relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) methods. Results (1) The case- control study indicated that G and A allele frequencies of PGC-1 α gene Gly482Ser variant were 0.589, 0.411 in type 2 diabetic group and 0.687, 0.313 in normal group respectively (X<'2> = 15.076, P < 0.01). The allele frequencies of Thr394Thr, Thr528Thr, Thr612Met polymorphisms did not show significant difference between twogroups respectively (all P > 0.05). The distributions of Thr394Thr-Gly482Ser-Thr528Thr haplotypes in the diabetic group were significanly different from the controls (X<'2> = 40.2, P < 0.05) and had a linkage disequilibrium with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t = 2.503, P < 0.05). (2) The family-basod studies showed that 482A allele was transmitted more significantly both via TDT and extended TDT from heterozygous parents to patients than expected respectively (all P < 0.05). HRR also supported that the 482A allele was more often transmitted to patients than predicted by chance (X<'2> = 7.217, P = 0.007, HRR = 1. 450). TDT analyses of haplotypes suggested that the frequencies of 394A-482A-528A-612C,394A-482A-528A-612T, 394A-482A-528G-612C and 394A-482A-528G- 612T haplotypes significantly deviated from 0.5 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion In Southern China Hanpopulation, type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the Gly482Ser variant of PGC-1α gene, and Thr394Thr (G/ A) variant of PGC-1α gene appears to play an auxiliary role in this association.

Objective To obserVe influence of danhong injection on leVels of serum S100B Protein and neuron_sPecific enolase ( NSE) in Patients with acute cerebral infarction ( ACI) ,and to exPlore its clinical effect. Methods Eighty cases of ACI were randomly diVided into treatment grouP and control grouP with 40 cases in each grouP. Both grouPs were giVen routine treatment according to the clinical guideline. Treatment grouP receiVed danhong injection once a day for 14 days. LeVels of serum S100B Protein and NSE were detected 1,3,5 and 10 days after ACI. The Patients in the two grouPs were eValuated by NIHSS 1 and 21 day(s) after ACI. Results ComPared with control grouP,leVels of serum S100B Protein and NSE were significantly lower in treatment grouP than in control grouP 3 and 5 days after ACI (all P<0. 01). NIHSS scores were significantly decreased 21 days after ACI in both grouPs,and NIHSS scores were lower in treatment grouP than in control grouP (P<0. 05). Peak concentration of S100B Protein in treatment grouP and control grouP was PositiVely correlated with NIHSS scores ( r=0. 761 and r=0. 792,resPectiVely,both P<0. 01). Conclusion Danhong injection can decrease serum S100B and NSE leVels,and imProVe the neurological function in ACI Patients.

Background Biometry of the anterior ocular segment parameter is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma and ocular injury as well as measurement of intraocular lens(IOL).Objective This study was to compare the differences in the anterior chamber depth(ACD) and the central corneal thickness (CCT) between Sirius and Pentacam and evaluate the agreement of these two measurement methods.Methods The ACD and the CCT of 38 right eyes from 38 health volunteers aged 23- 32 years were measured with both Pentacam and Sirius.Three times of measurement were pedormed on each eye for each method to obtain the average values.The repeatability and agreement from each method were assessed as intraclass correlation coefficient( ICC ) and coefficient of variation(CV) and the agreement between these two methods were evaluated using Bland-Altman mode.ResultsThe mean ACD value was( 3.18±0.21 ) mm from Pentacam with the ICC 0.995 and CV 0.066.The mean ACD value from Sirius was (3.22 ±0.21 )mm with the ICC 0.996 and CV 0.065.The difference value in ACD between two methods was 0.04 mm,showing a significant difference( t =-6.225,P＜0.05 ) and a positive correlation (r=0.977) between two methods.The 95％ limit of agreement was( -0.04-0.13)mm within 1 standard difference (SD) of the mean value( ±0.21mm),which was acceptable for clinical measurement.The CCT was( 535±33 )μm from Pentacam with the ICC 0.994 and CV 0.062.The CCT was(537±36)pm from Sirius with the ICC 0.999 and CV 0.067.The difference value in the CCT between two methods was about 2 μm,presenting a in significant difference ( t =1.771,P＞0.05 ) and positive correlation ( r =0.985 ).The 95 ％ limit of agreement was ( - 11.64-15.65 ) μm within 1 SD of the mean value( ±34.27 pm),which was acceptable for clinical measurement.ConclusionsSirius and Pentacam show good agreement in the measurement of ACD and CCT.The two methods offer an alternative choice for the biological measurement of the anterior ocular segment.

Background Axial length and anterior chamber depth are important parameters for the calculation of diopter of intraocular lens ( IOL ). Objective This study was to investigate and compare the measuring outcomes of axial length and anterior chamber depth with IOLMaster,Axis- Ⅱ A-scan and ODM 1000A sonograph.Methods This a observational study.Axial length and anterior chamber depth were measured in 83 eyes of 48 patients with IOLMaster,Axis-Ⅱ A-scan and ODM 1000A sonograph by the same operator.The measuring results were compared among the three methods.Results The axial length were(25.79±0.85) mm,(25.72± 0.82 )mm and ( 26.00 ±0.83 )mm respectively with Axis- Ⅱ,ODM 1000A sonograph and IOLMaster.The difference between Axis-Ⅱ and DM 1000A sonograph was (0.07 ± 0.35 )mm without statistical difference between them (t=1.711,P =0.091 ).The difference of axial length between IOLMaster and DM 1000A sonograph was ( 0.27 ±0.29) mm with a statistical difference between them ( t =-8.570,P =0.000 ).The difference between IOLMaster and Axis- Ⅱ was (0.21 ±0.32 ) mm and showed a statistical difference ( t =- 5.931,P ＜ 0.01 ).The positive correlations were found in the axial length values by the each other comparison among the three instruments( r=0.916,0.938,0.928,P＜0.01 ).The anterior chamber depth values were ( 3.81 ±0.21 ) mm,( 3.84 ±0.25 ) mm and ( 3.83 ±0.18 )mm respectively with Axis-Ⅱ,0DM 1000A sonograph and IOLMaster.The difference of anterior chamber depth between Axis- Ⅱ and DM 1000A was (0.03 ±0.17 ) mm without statistical difference between them ( t =- 1.324,P =0.189 ).The difference in the anterior chamber depth between IOLMaster and DM 1000A was (0.01 ±0.15 ) mm and that between IOLMaster and Axis-Ⅱ was( 0.01 ±0.12)mm without any statistical differences among them (t =0.815,P=0.417 ;t=-0.900,P=0.371 ).The high correlation between anterior chamber depth measurements were found by the each other comparison in the three instruments ( r =0.735,0.813,0.823,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions ODM 1000A sonograph can provide precise axial length and anterior chamber depth values.However,ODM 1000Asonograph can not substitute for IOLMaster in the measurement of the anterior chamber depth and axial length.

Background Clinical research showed that the corneal endothelial cell density value from different corneal specula microscopies exist diversity.The relevant literature of SP02,Tomey EM-3000 and SP3000P is still seldom up to now. Objective This research was to assess the repeatability of endothelial cell density measurements by SP02,Tomey EM-3000 and SP3000P respectively and the agreement among 3 kinds of endothelial microscopes.MethodsFifty-four healthy volunteers with the age 17-38 years old were included this research.The written informed consent was obtained from each subject before examination.The corneal endothelial cell densities in the right eyes were analyzed with SP02,Tomey EM-3000 and SP3000P respectively for 3 times under the automatic mode,and the analytical procedure of SP3000P measurement were divided into automatic mode SP3000P (A) and manual correction modes SP3000P( M).The repeatability of each specula microscopy was analyzed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficient of variation ( CV ),and the 95％ confidence intervals and plotting Bland-Altman graphs were used to analyze the agreement among these methods.ResultsThe mean corneal endothelial cell densities in the population ＜24 years were significantly higher than the ones ≥ 24 years (t =3.692,P＜0.05 ),but no statistical difference was found between different gender ( t =0.335,P =0.739 ).The mean corneal endothelial cell densities were ( 3058 ± 260 ),( 2954 ± 229 ),( 2668 ± 258 ),( 2734 ± 268 ) cell/mm2 ; the ICCs were 0.957,0.940,0.972 and 0.972 and the CV were 0.063,0.061,0.056,0.058 for SP02,Tomey EM-3000,SP3000P (A) and SP3000P ( M ) respectively.The 95％ confidence intervals were ( - 100.8 - 306.8 ),( 162.6 - 617.4 ),( 109.9-494.1 ) and ( -0.6 - 132.6 ) cell/mm2 for between SP02 and Tomey EM-3000,SP3000P ( A ) and SP02,SP3000P(A) and Tomey EM-3000,SP3000P(A) and SP 3000P(M) respectively.ConclusionsSP02,Tomey EM-3000 and SP3000P(A) have good repeatability in the measurement of corneal endothelial cell density,however the outcome is different.Therefore,it is not interchangeable for the detection of corneal endothelial cell density.The differences of corneal endothelial cell density obtained from these instruments shall be paid high attention for their differences.SP3000P(A) and SP3000P(M) can be used interehangeably and SP3000P(A) is a preferable choice due to its convenience and quickness.

Objective To learn the existing state of Keshan disease and its trend in Baoji City,and to provide a scientific basis for control of the disease.Methods Feng,Qianyang,Linyou and Long Counties,the Keshan disease affected areas were selected to carry out the case study,and Keshan cases were searched from all registered cases of myocardial patients of the past three years at county-level medical institutions and hospitals of townships(towns).Thirteen villages affected by Keshan disease in Qianyang,Fengxiang,Feng,Linyou and Long Counties were selected as monitoring points to carry out a intensified monitoring.All subjects were surveyed by comprehensive clinical physical examination and 12-lead ECG tracings,and they were diagnosed according to the Keshan disease diagnostic criteria.Ten households were selected randomly in each monitoring point(village),and self-produced wheat samples and adult subject's occipital hair samples were collected for detecting selenium levels.Results Seven hundred and forty-six cardiac cases which containing 17 cases of chronic Keshan disease were discovered in 32 medical institutions,and there were no acute and subacute type of Keshan disease patients.Five thousand seven hundred and twenty-three subjects were examined in the 13 monitoring sites,and 65 cases of Keshan disease were diagnosed which including 17 cases of slow and 48 cases of potential Keshan disease,and no acute or subacute case was found.The total detection rate was 1.14％,and the detection rate ranged from 0 to 2.86％.Hair selenium mean was 0.420 mg/kg; wheat selenium mean was 0.079 mg/kg.Conclusions The Keshan disease detection rate of Baoji City is at a low level.The selenium level of local residents has reached the level of non-endemic area.Constant detection of patient with Keshan disease means various control measures should be reinforced.The comprehensive monitoring program,such as monitoring people's in vivo and in vitro selenium level and others,should be established as soon as possible.