The AP2/ERF transcription factor family is a class of transcription factors widely present in plants, playing a crucial role in regulating flowering, flower development, flower opening, and flower senescence. Based on transcriptome data from flower, leaf, and stem samples of two Lonicera macranthoides varieties, 117 L. macranthoides AP2/ERF family members were identified, including 14 AP2 subfamily members, 61 ERF subfamily members, 40 DREB subfamily members, and 2 RAV subfamily members. Bioinformatics and differential gene expression analyses were performed using NCBI, ExPASy, SOMPA, and other platforms, and the expression patterns of L. macranthoides AP2/ERF transcription factors were validated via qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the 117 LmAP2/ERF members exhibited both similarities and variations in protein physicochemical properties, AP2 domains, family evolution, and protein functions. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that AP2/ERF transcription factors were primarily differentially expressed in the flowers of the two L. macranthoides varieties, with the differentially expressed genes mainly belonging to the ERF and DREB subfamilies. Further analysis identified three AP2 subfamily genes and two ERF subfamily genes as potential regulators of flower development, two ERF subfamily genes involved in flower opening, and two ERF subfamily genes along with one DREB subfamily gene involved in flower senescence. Based on family evolution and expression analyses, it is speculated that AP2/ERF transcription factors can regulate flower development, opening, and senescence in L. macranthoides, with ERF subfamily genes potentially serving as key regulators of flowering duration. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for further research into the specific functions of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family in L. macranthoides and offer important theoretical insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying floral phenotypic differences among its varieties.
Plant Proteins/chemistry* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcription Factors/chemistry* ; Lonicera/classification* ; Flowers/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Multigene Family

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of ¹⁸ F-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT metabolic parameters combined with clinicopathological features for newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) before treatment, and analyze the relationship between tumor metabolic volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and clinicopathological features. METHODS: The clinical data of 120 patients with pathologically confirmed DLBCL were retrospectively analyzed and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was performed 1 week before treatment. The metabolic parameters including SUVmax, SUVmean, tumor-to-blood standardized uptake value ratio (TBR), tumor-to-liver standardized uptake value ratio (TLR) were obtained. MTV and TLG of the lesions were obtained with 41% of SUVmax as the threshold, and the correlation of MTV and TLG with clinicopathological features were analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated by follow-up for 6-153 months. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier test, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the date. RESULTS: The optimum cut-off values of the SUVmax, MTV, TLG, TBR and TLR for predicting tumor progression were 22.25, 256.05, 5 232.67, 12.97 and 10.60, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the above cut-off values, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in PFS between the two group (all P <0.05). The MTV and TLG values were correlated with NCCN-IPI score, Ann Arbor stage, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and C-MYC, BCL-2, BCL-6 gene rearrangement (all P <0.05). Univariate analysis showed that NCCN-IPI score >3, C-MYC, BCL-2, BCL-6 gene rearrangement positive, SUVmax≥22.25, MTV≥256.05 cm³, TLG≥5 232.67 g and TBR≥12.97 were adverse factors for prognosis (HR: 1.949-5.759, all P <0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that C-MYC, BCL-2 gene rearrangement positive and TLG≥5 232.67 g were all independent risk factors affecting PFS (HR: 4.660, 3.350, 4.031, all P <0.05). CONCLUSION The ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters SUVmax, MTV, TLG, TBR and TLR can be used as important indicators to predict PFS of DLBCL patients, and combining clinicopathological features can better predict the prognosis of patients.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis* ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult

Objective To analyze the effect of low-dose methylprednone sodium succinate combined with erythromycin in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with elevated lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in children.Methods Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)complicated with elevated LDH were divided into control group and treatment group by random number table method.The control group was given erythromycin treatment,and the treatment group was given low-dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate combined with erythromycin treatment.Clinical efficacy and clinical symptom disappearance time were recorded in both groups.Pulmonary X-ray signs,immune function[T cell subsets(CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+)],immunoglobulin(Ig)A,IgM and serum LDH were compared between the two groups before and after treatment,and the adverse drug reactions of treatment were observed.Results There were 51 cases in control group and 51 cases in treatment group.The total effective rate in treatment group was 96.00％,which was significantly higher than 81.63％in control group(P＜0.05).The fever abatement times in treatment group and control group were(4.22±0.87)and(5.46±0.98)d;cough disappearance times were(6.31±0.98)and(7.49±1.10)d;disappearance times of pulmonary rales were(7.36±1.14)and(8.61±1.23)d,all with significant difference(all P＜0.05).After treatment,the patchy infiltrating shadow sign rates in treatment group and control group were 2.00％and 16.33％;the bronchial wall thickening sign rates were 4.00％and 18.37％,all with significant difference(all P＜0.05).After treatment,IgA levels in treatment group and control group were(0.55±0.11)and(0.68±0.12)g·L-1;IgM levels were(0.90±0.19)and(1.18±0.21)g·L-1;LDH levels were(229.45±10.30)and(240.18±11.17)U·L-1,all with significant difference(all P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 6.00％and 4.08％respectively,without significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Erythromycin combined with low-dose methylprednone in systemic treatment of children with MPP and elevated LDH has a significant efficacy,and it can promote the reductions of inflammation and immune disorders and accelerate the disease outcomes,and it is safe and reliable.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical and genetic features of young Chinese patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) .Methods:In this cross-sectional study, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to patients with MPN patients nationwide. The respondents were divided into 3 groups based on their age at diagnosis: young (≤40 years) , middle-aged (41-60 years) , and elderly (>60 years) . We compared the clinical and genetic characteristics of three groups of MPN patients.Results:1727 assessable questionnaires were collected. There were 453 (26.2%) young respondents with MPNs, including 274 with essential thrombocythemia (ET) , 80 with polycythemia vera (PV) , and 99 with myelofibrosis. Among the young group, 178 (39.3%) were male, and the median age was 31 (18-40) years. In comparison to middle-aged and elderly respondents, young respondents with MPN were more likely to present with a higher proportion of unmarried status (all P<0.001) , a higher education level (all P<0.001) , less comorbidity (ies) , fewer medications (all P<0.001) , and low-risk stratification (all P<0.001) . Younger respondents experienced headache (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.007; MF, P=0.001) at diagnosis, had splenomegaly at diagnosis (PV, P<0.001) , and survey (ET, P=0.052; PV, P=0.063) . Younger respondents had fewer thrombotic events at diagnosis (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.011) and during the survey (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.003) . JAK2 mutations were found in fewer young people (ET, P<0.001; PV, P<0.001; MF, P=0.013) ; however, CALR mutations were found in more young people (ET, P<0.001; MF, P=0.015) . Furthermore, mutations in non-driver genes (ET, P=0.042; PV, P=0.043; MF, P=0.004) and high-molecular risk mutations (ET, P=0.024; PV, P=0.023; MF, P=0.001) were found in fewer young respondents. Conclusion:Compared with middle-aged and elderly patients, young patients with MPN had unique clinical and genetic characteristics.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are mediators of the aging process. The purpose of this work was to analyze the miRNA expression profiles of spermatozoa from men of different ages with normal fertility. Twenty-seven donors were divided into three groups by age (Group A, n = 8, age: 20-30 years; Group B, n = 10, age: 31-40 years; and Group C, n = 9, age: 41-55 years) for high-throughput sequencing analysis. Samples from 65 individuals (22, 22, and 21 in Groups A, B, and C, respectively) were used for validation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 2160 miRNAs were detected: 1223 were known, 937 were newly discovered and unnamed, of which 191 were expressed in all donors. A total of 7, 5, and 17 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) were found in Group A vs B, Group B vs C, and Group A vs C comparisons, respectively. Twenty-two miRNAs were statistically correlated with age. Twelve miRNAs were identified as age-associated miRNAs, including hsa-miR-127-3p, mmu-miR-5100_L+2R-1, efu-miR-9226_L-2_1ss22GA, cgr-miR-1260_L+1, hsa-miR-652-3p_R+1, pal-miR-9993a-3p_L+2R-1, hsa-miR-7977_1ss6AG, hsa-miR-106b-3p_R-1, hsa-miR-186-5p, PC-3p-59611_111, hsa-miR-93-3p_R+1, and aeca-mir-8986a-p5_1ss1GA. There were 9165 target genes of age-associated miRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the target genes identified revealed enrichment of protein binding, membrane, cell cycle, and so on. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of age-related miRNAs for target genes revealed 139 enriched pathways, such as signaling pathways regulating stem cell pluripotency, metabolic pathways, and the Hippo signaling pathway. This suggests that miRNAs play a key role in male fertility changes with increasing age and provides new evidence for the study of the mechanism of age-related male fertility decline.
Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Profiling

Recent studies revealed the relationship among homologous recombination repair (HRR), androgen receptor (AR), and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP); however, the synergy between anti-androgen enzalutamide (ENZ) and PARP inhibitor olaparib (OLA) remains unclear. Here, we showed that the synergistic effect of ENZ and OLA significantly reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines. Next-generation sequencing followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed the significant effects of ENZ plus OLA on nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and apoptosis pathways. ENZ combined with OLA synergistically inhibited the NHEJ pathway by repressing DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and X-ray repair cross complementing 4 (XRCC4). Moreover, our data showed that ENZ could enhance the response of prostate cancer cells to the combination therapy by reversing the anti-apoptotic effect of OLA through the downregulation of anti-apoptotic gene insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF1R ) and the upregulation of pro-apoptotic gene death-associated protein kinase 1 ( DAPK1 ). Collectively, our results suggested that ENZ combined with OLA can promote prostate cancer cell apoptosis by multiple pathways other than inducing HRR defects, providing evidence for the combined use of ENZ and OLA in prostate cancer regardless of HRR gene mutation status.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Receptors, Androgen/genetics* ; Nitriles ; Apoptosis

Numerous randomised controlled trials have suggested the positive effects of acupuncture on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture for COPD have not been clearly summarized yet. Inflammation is central to the development of COPD. In this review, we elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture from an anti-inflammatory perspective based on animal studies. Cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide is often used to establish animal models of COPD. Electroacupuncture can be an effective intervention to improve inflammation in COPD, and Feishu (BL13) and Zusanli (ST36) can be used as basic acupoints in COPD animal models. Different acupuncture types can regulate different types of inflammatory cytokines; meanwhile, different acupuncture types and acupoint options have similar effects on modulating the level of inflammatory cytokines. In particular, acupuncture exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cells, inflammasomes and inflammatory cytokines. The main underlying mechanism through which acupuncture improves inflammation in COPD is the modulation of relevant signalling pathways: nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (e.g., myeloid differentiation primary response 88/NF-κB, toll-like receptor-4/NF-κB, silent information regulator transcript-1/NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase), cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and dopamine D2 receptor pathway. The current synthesis will be beneficial for further research on the effect of acupuncture on COPD inflammation. Please cite this article as: Jiang LH, Li PJ, Wang YQ, Jiang ML, Han XY, Bao YD, Deng XL, Wu WB, Liu XD. Anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(6): 518-527.
Animals ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Cytokines ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation/therapy*

Aim To investigate the mechanism of eata- pol (CAT) inhibiting differentiation and glyeolysis of Thl7 eel Is through miR-143-3p.Method The peripheral hloorl CD4 ∗ T eells of HA patients were obtained to deteet the expression of miR-143-3p and the mRNA levels of key glycolytic enzymes, ineluding glucose transporter 1 ( Glutl ) , hexokinase 2 ( HK2 ) , pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) , laetate dehydrogenase A ( LDHA).The differentiation of Thl7 eells was induced in vitro, and the ShRNA/lentivirus was applied to achieve the overexpression or knockdown of miR- 143-3 p.Un-transfected eells were divided into control group and CAT group (20, 40, 80 mg • L 1 ) , and transfected eells were divided into four groups: negative control group, miR-143-3p inhibitor group, miR- 143-3p mimies group, miR-143-3p inhibitor + CAT group.The percentage of Thl7 eells was deteeted by flow cytometry, and the level of IL-17A was detected by EL1SA.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of miR-143-3p and key glycolytic enzymes, and the levels of pyruvate and lactate were also detected.Results The mRNA expression of miR-143-3p in RA peripheral blood CD4 ∗ T cells was negatively correlated with disease severity ( DAS28 ) , transcription factor ROR-yt, and the key glycolytic enzymes Glutl/HK2/LDHA.Compared with negative control group, the down-expression of miR-143-3p markedly elevated the mRNA expression of ROR-yt, Glutl, HK2, LDHA, and the levels of IL-17A, pyruvate, lactate.Catalpol groups significantly up-regula- ted the expression of miR-143-3p, decreased the mRNA expression of HK2/LDHA and the levels of pvru- vate/lactate, and inhibited Thl7 cells differentiation.Compared with miR - 1 4 3 - 3 p inhibitor group , catapol could significantly inhibit the abnormal up-regulated of HK2/LDHA mRNA relative expression, pyruvate/lactate levels and the abnormal differentiation of Thl7 eells.Conclusion MiR-143-3p inhibits the differentiation and glycolysis of Thl7 cells.Catalpol could sup-press the glycolysis and differentiation of Thl7 eells by regulating mill-143-3p.

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEATl) on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) glial astrocyte injury, and to explore whether the mechanism was related to the regulation of micro RNA (miR)-761. Methods Rat cortical astrocytes were cultured to construct a H/R injury model. Astrocytes were divided into control group, model group, model+ small interfering RNA negative control (si-NC) group, model+ si-NEATl group, model+ miR-NC group, model + miR-761 group, model + si-NEATl + anti-miR-NC group, model+si-NEATl+anti-miR-761 group. Expression of NEATl and miR-761 were detected by Real-time PCR. The experiment was repeated 3 times. The content of malonaldefryde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected by kits. Dual luciferase reporter experiment and Real-time PCR were used to analyze the targeting relationship between NEATl and miR-761. The experiment was repeated 3 times. Results Compared with the control group, the cell apoptosis rate and MDA content of the model group increased significantly, SOD and CAT activities decreased significantly, NEATl expression increased significantly, and miR-761 expression decreased significantly (P< 0. 05). Compared with the model+si-NC group, the apoptosis rate and MDA content of the model+si-NEATl group reduced significantly, and SOD and CAT activities increased significantly (P < 0 . 0 5) . Compared with the model + miR-NC group, the apoptosis rate and MDA content of the model + miR-761 group reduced significantly, and SOD and CAT activities increased significantly (P < 0 . 0 5) . MiR-761 was the target gene of N E A T l, and NEATl negatively regulated miR-761 expression. Compared with the model+si-NEATl+anti-miR-NC group, the apoptosis rate and MDA content of the model+siNEAT1+anti-miR-761 group increased significantly, and SOD and CAT activities decreased significantly (P < 0 . 0 5) . Conclusion Interference with NEATl expression can protect astrocytes from H / R injury by up-regulating miR-761.