Expressed emotion was the describing term about the guardian of patients' emotiveness tendency to patients,which reflected attitude,tolerance degree and the coping way in crisis.It was a robust predictor of relapse of schizophrenia.Studies showed that the family intervention for the high expressed emotion guardian of patients could effectively reduce the disease relapse.By summarizing the expressed emotion's concept,assessment tools,influence factors,family interventions,the paper aimed to innovate perfect interventions and promote the patients recovery.

Objective To explore the change of degrade of clonazepam in serum with single and repeated - dose administration in children with seizure, and find a reasonable method for using the clonazepam. Methods Children with seizures were divided into single - dose paradigam, repeated - dose paradigam, and decreased - dose paradigam. The concentration of CZP in serum was determined by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). Results The serum concentrations of clanazepain in single - dose paradigam were (101.9?12.1),(76.9 ? 5.8),(50.7?2.9),(30.9?5.4),(21.5?6.8)?g/L,the time point that the blood samples collected were 15,30,60,120 and 480 min. The serum concentrations in repeated - dose paradigam were (97. 2 ? 6. 1),(130.4? 13. 4), (99. 4 ? 9.8),(79.6?2.4)?g/L,in decreased-dose paradigam were( 101.1 ?13.1),(123.1 ?6. 6), (99.4 ?9. 8), (79. 3 ? 2. 2)?g/L,in these two groups,the time point were 15,45,60 and 120 min. Conclusion Repeated administration of CZP with decreased dose may increase its effectiveness in treatment without substantially increasing toxicity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of pravastatin on serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) and tu- mor necrosis faetor-α(TNF-α) in patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS). Methods50 patients with ACSwere randomly divided into pravastatin group( n = 25) and routine therapy group( n = 25). Serum TNF-α and IL-6levels were measured before and four weeks after the two treatment options respectively. ResultsThe level of TNF- α and IL-6 were higher than routine therapy group before therapy(P < 0.01 ). The level of TNF-α and IL-6 weredecreased significantly after pravastatin therapy,and higher thancontrols(P < 0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6changed only slightly after the routine therapy(P > 0.05). ConclusionThe level of TNF-α and IL-6 becominghigher in ACS patients may be related to the pathogenesis of ACS. Pravastatin can reduce serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 contributing to treatment of ACS.

The β-Glucuronidase gene (sbGUS) cDNA firstly from Scutellari abaicalensis leaf was cloned by RT-PCR, with GenBank accession number KR364726. The full length cDNA of sbGUS was 1 584 bp with an open reading frame (ORF), encoding an unstable protein with 527 amino acids. The bioinformatic analysis showed that the sbGUS encoding protein had isoelectric point (pI) of 5.55 and a calculated molecular weight about 58.724 8 kDa, with a transmembrane regions and signal peptide, had conserved domains of glycoside hydrolase super family and unintegrated trans-glycosidase catalytic structure. In the secondary structure, the percentage of alpha helix, extended strand, β-extended and random coil were 25.62%, 28.84%, 13.28% and 32.26%, respectively. The homologous analysis indicated the nucleotide sequence 98.93% similarity and the amino acid sequence 98.29% similarity with S. baicalensis (BAA97804.1), in the nine positions were different. The expression level of sGUS was the highest in root based on a real-time PCR analysis, followed by flower and stem, and the lowest was in stem. The results provide a foundation for exploring the molecular function of sbGUS involved in baicalcin biosynthesis based on synthetic biology approach in S. baicalensis plants.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Glucuronidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment

Aim: To study the antitumor activities of the constituents of Cephalotaxus fortunei distributed in Guizhou province. Methods: The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and identified by physical and spectral analysis. Meanwhile, the anti-tumor activities of some compounds were evaluated by sulforhodamine B( SRB) and MTT assay. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as apigenin (Ⅰ), β-sitosterol (Ⅱ), acetylcephalotaxine (Ⅲ), chrysoeriol (Ⅳ), drupacine ( Ⅴ), 1-hentriacontanol ( Ⅵ), 7, 3', 4' -trihydroxyfla-vone (Ⅶ), sugiol ( Ⅷ), cephalotaxine (Ⅸ), wllsonine (Ⅹ), and hainanolide (Ⅺ), respectively. Biological screening results demonstrated that some of the tested compounds exhibited the antitumor activities in vitro. Conclusion: Compounds Ⅱ, Ⅵ-Ⅷ were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound Ⅺ has a better inhibitory activity on cell line A549 and K562 .

Objective To investigate the level Ⅰb contouring,dose analysis and regional recurrence in level Ⅰb lymph node-negative (Ⅰb-negative) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods One hundred ninety newly-diagnosed,Ⅰb-negative NPC patients treated by IMRT were enrolled.Level Ⅰb contouring and dose prescribing in this cohort were classified into planned prophylactic irradiation (PPI) group (56 cases) and non-planned prophylactic irradiation (non-PPI) group (134 cases).The mean dose (Dmean) of the level Ⅰb bilaterally and submandibular glands (SMGs) was recorded for comparison.Results After a median follow-up of 47 months,there was no level Ⅰb regional recurrences noted in the entire group.The mean doses of level Ⅰb and the submandibular glands were significantly lower in the non-PPI group than those in the PPI group as follows:(50.81±5.37) Gy vs (59.68±3.32) Gy for the left level Ⅰb,(51.55±5.02) Gy vs (59.66±3.85) Gy for the left submandibular gland,(51.55±5.02) Gy vs (59.66±3.85) Gy for the right level Ⅰb and (57.25±4.69) Gy vs (63.41±2.88) Gy for the right submandibular gland (all P =0.000).Conclusion In this retrospective analysis of non-randomized single institute data,it seems unlikely that PPI to level Ⅰb is necessary in Ⅰb-negative NPC patients treated by IMRT.

Objectives To compare the difference between multipoint inoculation and routine method for isolation of pathogenic fungi from nail samples of onychomycosis,and to analyze the epidemiology of pathogenic fungi in those patients.Methods The nail clipping samples from each patient were inoculated onto the plates with Sabouraud's agar,Sabouraud's agar without cycloheximide and medium containing rapeseed oil,respectively,by an approach of at least seven inoculating points in each plate (multipoint inoculation),and onto medium slope in tubes with the same media as above mentioned (routine method).In the multipoint inoculation method,plates with more than 3 colonies were taken for further identification of pathogenic fungi based on morphological and biochemical properties.Results Based on the data from 150 samples of onychomycosis,significant differences were found between multipoint inoculation method and routine method (P

Objective To know the focus groups' iodine nutrition level after implementation of a new standard of salt iodization,and to provide technical support for iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) prevention in Nanping City.Methods According to the requirements of Focus Groups' Iodine Nutrition and Related Health Monitoring Program in Fujian Province,Yanping,Jian'ou,Zhenghe,Jianyang and Shaowu counties (cities,districts) were selected for monitoring in 2014;Pucheng,Songxi,Wuyishan,Shunchang and Guangze counties (cities,districts) were selected for monitoring in 2015.We studied:①The water iodine:2 tap water samples were collected from centralized water supply system;from decentralized water supply system,2 residents drinking water samples were collected according to each of five directions of east,west,south,north,and center,for determination of water iodine content.②Salt iodine:4 administrative villages (neighborhood committees) were selected from each monitoring site,from which 15 households were selected,edible salt samples were collected,and salt iodine content was tested.③Urinary iodine:one primary school was selected from each monitoring site,30-40 students aged from 8-10 years old were selected from each primary school,urine samples were collected for detecting urinary iodine.④Salt intake per capita:among the 8-10 years old students whom had been collected urine samples,10 students' family edible salt samples were collected,then the salt intake per capita was measured via 3-days weighing method.⑤ Goiter:in Jianyang and Shaowu Cities in 2014,and in Guangze and Shunchang Cities in 2015,the thyroid volume was measured using ultrasound,and goiter rate was calculated of 8-10 years old students whom had been collected urine samples before.⑥Pregnant women urinary iodine:20 pregnant women (early,middle and late pregnancy were included) were selected in each monitoring site,urine samples were collected for detecting urinary iodine.Results Investigation results in 2014 and 2015 were as follows:61 and 50 samples of daily drinking water of the two years were investigated,the medians of drinking water iodine were 1.5 and 5.7 μg/L for each group of samples,respectively;and daily salt intake of 253 and 250 residents of the two years were investigated,and the medians intake were 6.8 and 6.9 g/d,respectively;1 500 and 1 500 residential edible salt samples in the two years were tested,iodized salt coverage rates were 99.7％ (1 496/1 500) and 99.9％ (1 498/1 500),respectively,qualified rates of iodized salt were 95.7％ (1 431/1 496) and 94.5％ (1 416/1 498),respectively,qualified iodized salt consumption rates were 95.4％ (1 431/1 500) and 94.4％ (1 416/ 1 500),respectively;of which 749 and 1 000 8-10 years old children's urinary iodine were also tested,and children's urinary iodine medians were 190.1 and 210.4 μg/L,respectively;300 and 275 thyroids of children aged from 8 to 10 were tested,and goiter rates (ultrasound method) were 1.3％ (4/300) and 2.9％ (8/275),respectively;500 and 500 pregnant women urinary iodine were tested in the two years,and pregnant women urinary iodine medians were 133.2 and 150.3 μg/L,respectively,the pregnant women urinary iodine median of the Nanping City of 10 counties (cities,districts) and 7 counties (cities,districts) were less than 150 μg/L.Conclusions Nanping City's natural environment iodine is deficient.After the new standard of salt iodization,we can continue to promote the process of the standard of eliminating IDD in China,besides,8-10 years old children's iodine nutrition is basically at the appropriate level,but the level of pregnant women has showed a slightly deficiency.

Objective To explore a desirable therapeutic regimen,which is effective,reasonable and practicable for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (LA-NPC) patients in the era of IMRT,with a potential of translating into survival improvement of these patients.Methods Patients presented with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ B,WHO type Ⅱ or Ⅲ NPC were randomly assigned to receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT group) (45 cases) or induction chemotherapy plus radiotherapy alone (IC + RT group) (43 cases),with random number table.IMRT and rapid arc planning were generated in the same treatment planning system for all patients.These two arms received docetaxel plus cisplatin for first cycle of chemotherapy,and cisplatin only for the second cycle.Results Forty-five patients received CCRT and 43 received IC + RT.All the patients completed two cycles chemotherapy.Compared to the CCRT group,the incidence rate of grade 2-4 leukopenia was lower in IC + RT group[67.4 ％ (29/43) vs.86.7 ％ (39/45),x2 =4.628,P =0.031],while the incidence rate of dermatitis,mucositis,neutropenia and fungal infection of oral cavity had no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).The tumor response rate (95.3 ％ vs.100.0 ％,P =0.236),2-year overall survival rate (95.5 ％ vs.94.2 ％,P =0.627),2-year progression free survival rate (94.6 ％ vs.88.6 ％,P =0.303),2-year local recurrent free survival rate (97.3 ％ vs.95.5 ％,P =0.951),2-year regional recurrent free survival rate (94.7 ％ vs.96.2 ％,P =0.949),and 2-years distant metastasis free survival rate (93.7 ％ vs.91.5 ％,P =0.454) of the two groups were similar while comparing CCRT to IC + RT group.Conclusion Combined IMRT with TP/DDP regimen,the efficacy of IC + RT is similar to CCRT for LA-NPC.The IC + RT group has less severe leukopenia than CCRT group,which is worth further study.

Objective:To explore the role of 6-CYANO-2,3-DIHYDROXY-7-NITROQUIN OXALINE (CNQX) in different types of synapse secretion.Methods:The spontaneous mEPSCs and eEPSCs at different extracellular concentrations of CNQX in cultured cortical or hippocampal neurons were recorded respectively.Results:The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CNQX in evoked neurotransmitter release was significantly higher than that of spontaneous release,indicating that the spontaneous neurotransmitter release was more sensitive to CNQX.No apparent difference was observed between cortical and hippocampal cells,suggesting that the blocking effect of CNQX was similar in different brain regions.Conclusion:CNQX might have differential regulating mechanisms between excitatory spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release,but without brain regions specificity.