Objective To investigate the interaction of in vitro antibacterial activity between cefoperazone-sulbactam and imipenem against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacterbaumannii.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of imipenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against Acinetobacter baumannii were detected and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of imipenem/cefoperazone-sulbactam combination was calculated by broth micro-dilution method.The interactions of imipenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam were assayed by K-B agar plate method.Results The MIC50 of cefoperazone-sulbactam and imipenem were both 16 mg/L,and MIC90 of the two drugs were both 64 mg/L.Among the 26 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii,16 strains had FIC indexes ≤0.5,and 10 had FIC indexes≥2.0.K-B agar plate assay showed that the cefoperazone-sulbactam/imipenem combination was synergistic for strains with FIC indexes≤0.5,and antagonistic for strains with FIC indexes ≥ 2.0.Conclusions Imipenem in combination with cefoperazone-sulbactam can be either antagonistic or synergistic against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.The clinical use of cefoperazone-sulbactam/imipenem combination for the treatment of carbapenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii infections should be cautious in case of antagonism.

Objective To study the effects of survivin antisense oligodexynucleotide(ASODN) on the expression of survivin mRNA and its protein in human malignant melanoma cell line A375.Methods Survivin ASODN was synthesized and transfected into melanoma cell line A375 by the liposome-encapsulation.Survivin mRNA and protein were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry,respectively. Results At 24h after the transfection,the expression of survivin mRNA was significantly lower in the ASODN group than in the control group(P

OBJECTIVE To get knowledge of the drugs resistance change of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit (ICU) from 2001 to 2006, so as to offer the first-hand information to the clinical preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. METHODS The P. aeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility tests to 15 commonly used antibiotics were performed from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS The most frequent isolates were P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in 2001-2004. Staphylococcus aureus was more than A. baumannii in 2006, and became the major isolated pathogen in the sputum of the ICU patients. The multi-resistant P. aeruginosa increased yearly, and drugs susceptibility to carbapenem had decreased sharply in the past 6 years. CONCLUSIONS It was showed that P. aeruginosa is the major pathogen in the ICU, and the pathogens show the high drug resistance. Doctors should pay more attention to analyze the bacterial resistance profile in order to decrease the incidence of drug resistance and use the antibiotics properly.

Objective To investigate the effects of benazepril on the expression of receptors for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)in diabetic rat kidneys,and to explore its mechanisms of renal protection in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=10 in each group): normal control group,diabetic control group and diabetic with benazepril group.Blood glucose,blood lipid,HbA1c,kidney to body weight ratio and 24 h urinary protein excretion were detected after 12 weeks.RAGE mRNA level was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Results Compared with the normal control group,the blood glucose,HbA1c,triglyceride,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the diabetic control group and diabetic with benazepril group were significantly increased(P0.05).The kidney to body weight ratio,24 h urinary protein excretion and RAGE mRNA level in the diabetic with benazepril group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P

Objective To investigate the effects of valsartan on the expression of receptors for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE) in kidneys of diabetic rats,and to explore its renoprotection mechanisms. Methods Thirty rats were divided into normal control group,diabetes control group and diabetes with valsartan group(n=10).Blood glucose,blood lipid,HbA1c,kidney to body weight ratio and 24 h urinary protein excretion were measured after 12 weeks.RAGE mRNA level was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Compared with normal control group,kidney to body weight ratio,24 h urinary protein excretion and RAGE mRNA were significantly increased in diabetes control group.Compared with diabetes control group,kidney to body weight ratio,24 h urinary protein excretion and RAGE mRNA were significantly decreased in diabetes with valsartan group. Conclusion Valsartan can inhibit renal hypertrophy and decrease urinary protein excretion in diabetic rats.The renoprotective effects may be related to its inhibition on RAGE expression.

Objective To investigate the status quo of transformational leadership,psychological empowerment,team psychological safety and team effectiveness,and test whether the supposed structural equation is tenable.Methods Totally 380 nurses completed the Transformational Leadership Questionnaire,Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire,Team Psychological Safety Questionnaire and Team Effectiveness Questionnaire,structural equation model was used to verify the relationship of the above,Bootstrapping confidential interval and product of coefficient were used to test the mediating effect.Results Significant correlations were found between transformational leadership,psychological empowerment,team psychological safety and team effectiveness (P ＜ 0.01),transformational leadership played indirect effect on team effectiveness (Z=6.195,P ＜ 0.05),psychological empowerment and psychological safety had a totally mediation effect.Conclusions Healthcare workers should make psychological empowerment and team psychological safety as the breakthrough point,fully play the advantages of transformational leadership on team effectiveness in order to increase the working ability of nurses and make them complete the clinical work effectively and with high quality.

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the core attributes of the four general practice models in Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen, and to provide the suggestions for strengthening the general practice functions. Methods: We used the two stage sampling method in this study. Firstly, three CHCs in Guangzhou, two in Dongguan and two in Shenzhen, and the general medical outpatient department in the Shenzhen Hospital of the University of Hong Kong were selected. Secondly, we used the convenience sam-pling method to perform investigation. A PCAT-AE modified Chinese edition was adapted to measure the patients’ primary care experience. A total of 1 712 patients participated in the questionnaire survey, the number of which 1 645 copies were valid. Results: Generally, the general practice core attributes’ total scores from that hospital were higher than those from Guangzhou communities (55. 3 vs. 45. 9, P<0. 05), Dongguan commu-nities (55. 3 vs. 49. 2, P<0. 05) and the Shenzhen communities (55. 3vs. 51. 7, P<0. 05). Conclusion:The primary care implementation was different in accordance with the characteristics of regions, and the general practice core attributes had different characteristics in different models. It could constantly improve the primary care services to each model’s specific circumstances.

Objective:The general practice attributes constitute a basis for the high primary care performance. In this paper, the general practice attributes are measured, their influencing factors are analyzed, the causes of exist-ing problems are explored, and suggestions are straight forwarded to strengthen the general practice function. Meth-ods:In this study, a PCAT-AE modified Chinese edition was adopted. The research was conducted into 8 community health centers and the general outpatient clinic of the University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital. They were eligi-ble adult patients who could communicate properly and had visited the same general practitioners at least three times. One-to-one interviews were conducted and a total of 1 712 patients participated in the survey, a number of which 1 645 effective samples were considered for analysis. Results: The total general practice attributes score was 49. 0. The first-contact score of 69 . 8 , continuity score being 63 . 1 and the cultural competence score of 51 . 2 were relatively high. The scores for the access (40. 8) and community orientation (31. 0) were relatively low. The general practice attribute scores were influenced by the social demographic and health characteristics, and the health care service uti-lization. Also, the general practice core attributes were positively related to the patient satisfaction (OR>1). Con-clusion:Comparing to the numbers in the developed countries, the general practice attribute scores were still low in China. Therefore, to strengthen the general practice function, works could be done at the individual, organization and system levels.

Objective To explore the effects of passive smoking on vascular endothelial function in office women.Methods Totally,94 healthy office women volunteers from urban(36 women)and townships or towns(58 women)were divided into three groups based on the extent of their daily exposure to passive smoking,group A exposed to one to eight cigarettes,group B exposed to nine to 15 cigarettes,and group C exposed to more than 15 cigarettes,respectively,with 20 healthy young women without exposure to passive smoking as controls.Internal diameter of the brachial artery Was measured by color Doppler ultrasound scanning for each of the participants and its changes were observed before and after congestive reaction of the brachial artery test and nitroglycerin test.Results Thirteen of 36 office women from urban and 38 of 58 from townships or towns exposed to passive smoking of more than eight cigarettes daily,with chi-square of 7.74,P=0.0054.The brachial artery in groups A,B and C dilated less than that in the controls did.The brachial artery in group C dilated less than that in the groups A and B did.Conclusion Passive smoking could damage vascular endothelial dilatation function in office women.

The correlation between pulmonary endothelin receptors and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2) in rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome was investigated. Animals were divided into 2 groups: Sham-operated (Sham) group and common bile duct ligation (CBDL) group. Arterial blood gas was evaluated by a blood gas analyzer. The concentrations of ET-1 in blood and lung tissue sample were evaluated by radioimmunoassay. The distribution and expression of two kinds of subtype receptor of ET-1, ETRA and ETRB were examined by in situ hybridization. The results showed that the level of A-aDO2 was higher in CBDL group than that in Sham group (P < 0.05). The levels of plasma and pulmonary ET-1 in CBDL group were both higher than in Sham group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in average A of ETRA between two groups by imaging analysis (0.21 +/- 0.06 vs 0.22 +/- 0.08, P > 0.05), while that of ETRB was higher in CBDL group than in Sham group (0.58 +/- 0.16 vs 0.28 +/- 0.07, P < 0.05). The expression of ETRB in lung was positively correlated with A-aDO2 (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the widened A-aDO2 may be related with enhancement of the expression of ETRB in lung.
Endothelin-1/metabolism ; Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/*metabolism ; Lung/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism ; Receptor, Endothelin B/*metabolism