Aged ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; blood ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Inhalation Exposure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicosis ; blood

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with important human diseases, including infectious mononucleosis syndrome, malignant lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanism of EBV entry into host cells remains a subject of intensive research. After decades of study, researchers have identified several key proteins and different patterns of EBV intrusion into host cells. The viral surface glycoproteins, gp350/220, gp42, gB, gH, and gL, are involved in interactions with the CR2 receptor on the surface of B lymphocytes during viral entry. However, the majority of epithelial cells lack CR2 receptor expression, which makes viral invasion much more complex than in B lymphocytes. Three different models have been proposed to explain how EBV enters epithelial cells: (1) "transfer of infection", mediated by B lymphocytes or Langerhans cells; (2) EBV utilizes its own proteins during the process of fusion with the cell membrane; and (3) progeny virions arising from EBV-infected epithelial cells cross lateral membranes into adjacent epithelial cells. This review will discuss the relevant mechanism of viral entry into B lymphocytes and epithelial cells during EBV infection.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; virology ; Epithelial Cells ; virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Internalization

A reasonable and practicable quality standard was developed for mori liquid extract from different sources by TLC, HPLC and fingerprint technology. In TLC method, the compounds were separated on polyamide film using glacial acetic acid-water (1: 3) as mobile phase at a UV wavelength of 365 nm. All qualified samples had the spots of the same color as the control herb and substance. The RP-HPLC method was used to determine the content of mulberroside A with mobile phase of methanol-water (25: 75) at a wave-length of 326 nm. The mulberroside A was in good linear with a regression equation of Y = 46.965X (r = 0.999 6) in the range of 4.6 - 228 mg x L(-1). In 14 batches of samples, the mulberroside A in 4 batches of them was less than 0.5 g x L(-1), and was more than 2.0 g x L(-1) in the other batches. It was suggested that the content limit of mulberroside A should be no less than 1.5 g x L(-1). The HPLC fingerprints were evaluated by the similarities. It has found that the similarities of different mori liquid extracts were very low and the chemical diversity of mori cortex was the major factor of similarity. Moreover, the process impact was minimal. Thus the fingerprint was not included in this quality standard.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Disaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Morus ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Stilbenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells) and explore the possible mechanism.

METHODSThe survival rates of 16HBE cells were detected by MTT assay at 12 h after UVB irradiation at different doses (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 J/m(2)) or at 50 J/m(2) for different durations (2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h). The DNA ladder was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, the cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 protein was assayed by Western blotting following the exposures.

RESULTSUVB irradiation of the cells resulted in lowered cell survival rates, DNA fragmentation, S phase arrest and up-regulation of NF-κB/p65 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONSUVB irradiation can induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of 16HBE cells, in which process NF-κB protein may play a key role.

Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; radiation effects ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; radiation effects ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; adverse effects

Synthetic biology research methods which design and build a new artificial biological systems (medicinal plants or microorganisms system) with specific physiological functions through clarifying and simulating the basic law of the biosynthesis of active components of traditional Chinese medicine, is considered to be a potential method to produce an abundant resources of bioactive components. Tanshinones is a kind of diterpene quinone compounds with important pharmacological activities from traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza. This article systematically introduced the research progress of the synthetic biology of S. miltiorrhiza, in order to provide references for studies on other terpenoid bioactive components of traditional Chinese medicines, and give new research strategies for the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources.
Diterpenes, Abietane ; biosynthesis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; metabolism ; Synthetic Biology

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; diagnosis

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a highly valued traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related disorders in china, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. The wilt disease is serious in the culture of S. miltiorrhiza. Wilt disease cause biomass of plant shoots and roots is lessened, active components are decreased. To solve these problems, we research the pathogen causing wilt disease of S. miltiorrhiza. The suspected pathogen is identified by morphology and etiological test. The identification was further confirmed by alignment the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplified by PCR. Our result show the wilt disease of S. miltiorrhiza mostly occurred in July and August, which is hot and wetter. The wilt disease rate of S. miltiorrhiza continuous cropping for one year in S. miltiorrhiz stubble is 10%, but the wilt disease rate of S. miltiorrhiza continuous cropping for three years in S. miltiorrhiz stubble is 60%-70%. The root rot of S. miltiorrhiz caused by the wilt disease, so the wilt disease was mistaken for the rot root in production. Morphological characteristics show the pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum. The sequence of ITS wes determined and found by BLAST shared 99% identity to that of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. So it comes to the conclusion that the causing agent of wilt disease on S. miltiorrhiza belongs to F. oxysporum.
DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; Fusarium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; microbiology ; Seasons

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; blood ; Child ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; etiology ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Male ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; complications

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of the active components from Red Paeonia and Rhizoma chuanxiong (in Xiongshao Capsule, XSC) on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in rabbit model of atherosclerosis.

METHODSFifty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal control group (A), the model control group (B), the Simvastatin treated group (C), the low-dose XSC treated group (D) and the high-dose XSC treated group (E), 10 in each group. Rabbits in the normal control group were fed with normal diet, while those in the other four groups were fed with high fat diet and duplicated after two weeks feeding into model of abdominal aortic atherosclerosis by balloon angioplasty. In the 6 successive weeks feeding of high fat diet, Simvastatin 2.5 mg/kg, XSC 0.24 g/kg and 0.48 g/kg per day was given respectively to the rabbits in the three treated groups. Blood sample was collected for determining the level of blood lipids; serum MMP-3 and MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) with enzyme-linked immunoassay; and the protein expression of MMP-3 and cluster of differentiation antigen 40 ligand (CD40L) in plaque were detected with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with Group B, the serum levels of MMP-3 and MMP-9; the expression of MMP-3 and CD40L in plaque; and the blood content of total cholesterol in the three treated groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Besides, the content of triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced in Group C, while the TIMP-1 showed no statistical difference among different groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe active components of Red Paeonia and Rhizoma chuanxiong play a definite role in stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaque in rabbits, one of their possible mechanisms may be by way of inhibiting the expressions of MMP-3, MMP-9 in vascular walls and blood serum.

Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; blood ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; blood

Objective To explore the dynamic change and meaning of JAK/STAT signal path in the invasive course of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into 6 groups ran- domly,eight rats served as the control group,the rest were for the development of CIA models.Rats were sac- rificed at the 2nd,3rd,4th,5th and 6th week after the initial immunity respectively.Then HE staining,im- munohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to detect the pathological changes of synovium in different st ages and the expression of p-STAT1 and p-STAT3.Results On the second week after initial immunity,the rats had arthritis,and the inflammation achieved its peak at the 4th week,then gradually relieved,and a few joints developed rigidity,synovium hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen at the second week of initial immunity,and pannus could be seen at the 4th week as well as cartilage destroy at the 6th week by HE staining.In the invasive course of CIA,STAT1 and STAT3 were all in activated state detected by im- munohistochemistry and immunoblotting,which were significantly different from those of control group and they had a positive correlation with arthritis index,the Pearson's value of them were 0.798 and 0.873 respectively. However,there was some difference on time.STAT3 kept at activated state and had positive correlation with pathology score of synovium,and the Pearson's value was 0.622.On the contrary,the activation of STAT1 was obviously delayed and only confined to the middle and advanced stage of the disease.Conclusion JAK/STAT signal pathway participates the pathological course of CIA,and blocking the different point of JAK/STAT path- way'activation process may reach the goal of reversing the RA's pathological course.