Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of individualized enteral nutritional (EN) support in severe stroke patients.Methods: Totally 120 severe stroke patients with nutritional risk were divided into two groups according to single or double admission number.The 60 patients in the intervention group received an individualized EN with different formula and concentrations according to the clinical status,and supplemented trace elements as occasion required.In the routine group, the patients received EN with standard formula.The energy supply was 83-125 kJ· kg-1·d-1 in both groups.Blood albumin(Alb), pre-albumin(PA), hemoglobin(Hb) and vitamin C(VC) were examined before and after the 21-day nutritional support.The lung infection and gastrointestinal (GI) complications were observed, and the hospital stay and cost were recorded as well.Results: After 21 day''s nutrition support, the serum levels of Alb, PA and VC in the intervention group were not statisticly significant than before (P＞0.05), and the serum levels of Alb, PA and VC were significantly higher than those in the routine group(P＜0.05).The incidence of complications in the in the intervention group was lower than that in the routine group (P＜0.05), and the length of hospital stay and hospitalization was shorter than that in the routine group (P＜0.05).Conclusion: Individualized enteral nutritional support can significantly improve nutritional status, reduce inflammation reactions and GI complications in severe stroke patients, which is worthy of clinical use.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diet, High-Fat ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of melatonin on the gastrointestinal motility and plasma levels of the stress hormone in overtraining rats.

METHODThirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, over-training group, melatonin intervention group. 30 min before each training, rats in the control and over-training groups were fed with normal saline (15 mg/kg) once a day and 5 times per week, while rats in the melatonin intervention group were administrated with melatonin, perfusion in the intervention group (15 mg/kg). Excessive training group and melatonin intervention group rats were subjected to excessive training at 5 times a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma motilin (MTL) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cortisol (CORT) and catecholamines (CA) were observed in all groups.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma MTL, CORT and CA were increased significantly (P < 0.01) while the content of CGRP was reduced (P < 0.01) in over-training group. After treated with melatonin, this trend was reversed, that was, the gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion ratio and levels of plasma MTL, CORT and CA were surpressed significantly (P < 0.01) while the content of CGRP was improved obviously (P < 0.01) in over-training group.

CONCLUSIONMelatonin plays an important role in protecting gastrointestinal tract from dysfunction, in which MTL, CGRP, CORT and CA are all involved.

Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Catecholamines ; blood ; Fatigue ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Motilin ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To investigate the knowledge level and needs in Xinjiang Uygur and Han patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), compare the differences between the two ethnic groups. Methods A total of 194 Uygur and Han UC patients were investigated with the general information questionnaire, the Crohn′s and Colitis Knowledge Score (CCKNOW) questionnaire, disease related knowledge needs questionnaire, to analyze the investigate results. Results CCKNOW score of Uygur and Han UC were (6.9±3.5) points and (9.2±3.1) points respectively, and Uygur was significantly lower than that of Han (Z=-2.831, P=0.005). Knowledge accuracy of dietary (30% and 63%) and drug (45% and 44%) were higher than general information (24% and 32%) and complications (12% and 30%) . Disease related knowledge needs score of Uygur and Han UC patients were (168.2±15.6) points and (155.4±17.2) points respectively, the score of Uygur patients was significantly higher than that of Han patients (t=4.429, P=0.001).The highest disease related knowledge needs score was (4.7±1.0) points of reproductive knowledge for Uygur UC patients, for Han patients was knowledge of daily life which was (4.8 ± 0.8) points. Conclusions The disease related knowledge level of Xinjiang Uygur and Han UC patients are relatively low, especially lack of general knowledge and diet knowledge, disease related knowledge of Uygur UC patients are lower than Han patients. The needs of the disease knowledge are very high for two ethnic groups, different one has different ethnic, gender, age, education level, living environment, hospitalization times, areas of disease related knowledge needs are also different. It is necessary to choose the targeted education content and suitable education way according to individual differences for nursing staff.

Objective To explore the reasons for disharmony between medical staff and medical staff because of electronic clinical ordering,to specificate electronic medical order in ward in order to create a harmonious relationship between doctors and nurses. Methods The methods of qualitative research conducted in-depth interviews of 12 medical staff, field recordings and transcripts, and the method of content analysis were used. Results Two themes were sublimated:medical staff reasons:lack of communication between the medical staff;new doctors didn't have a good command of medical norms of specialist electronic orders; on the responsibility of checking the doctor's advice problems may lead to potential adverse events occurrence. System equipment reason: the electronic doctor's advice system set up the problem; the office computer quantity is insufficient. Conclusions Nonstandard electronic medical management leads to the disharmony of health care. It is suggested to standardize the management of electronic medical advice by implementation of the responsibility to avoid medical coupling errors. The health care workers need to strengthen communication, mutual understanding and forgiveness, in order to create a harmonious medical environment.

Objective: To sieve the bioactive constituents of Radix Puerariae,serum pharmacochemistry research was performed.Method: Based on the establishment of HPLC fingerprints of Radix Puerariae,the constituents absorbed into blood were determined by comparing the HPLC fingerprints of the methanol extracts,tested serum samples and blank serum sample.Results: Four compounds absorbed into blood were detected,among which two were original constituents of Radix Puerariae(including puerarin),the other might be metabolites of the original constituents.Conclusion: These four constituents absorbed into blood were possible bioactive components of Radix Puerariae.Further studies on them will help clarify the bioactive constituents and mechanisms of Radix Puerariae.

Emotional labor is an important constituent of teaching affairs.Research on emotional labor suggests that there are both positive and negative effects for employees.This article aims to reduce negative influence of emotional labor and comes up with some countermeasures for maintaining the mental health of teachers.

Objective To evaluate the effects and mechanisms of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on cell viability,proliferation,and the protective roles in intestinal epithelial cell-6(IEC-6)treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods The rat jejunum epithelial cell lines IEC-6 were cultured in vitro.The effects of bLF on cell viability and proliferation in IEC-6 cells were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and 5-Bromo-deoxyuridine(Brdu)assay,respectively.Inflammatory cytokines and their mRNA of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were analyzed by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Western blot was used to measure the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activation and nuclear factor kappa β(NF-κB)nuclear translocation.Results Dose dependent effects of bLF on cell viability and proliferation were observed in IEC-6 cells in vitro(F=3.825,5.861,all P<0.05),especially in a dose of 100 mg/L,and bLF significantly stimulated cell viability and proliferation compared with non-treatment group(q=5.240,3.765,all P<0.05).The mRNA levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased by co-stimulation of bLF and LPS compared with the LPS treatments alone in IEC-6 cells in vitro(q=14.28,10.12,16.45,all P<0.001).The secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α was also decreased by co-stimulation of bLF and LPS(q=15.06,6.74,all P<0.01).In vitro,bLF treatment at dose of 100 mg/L could inhibit the activation of MAPK/NF-κB signal pathway induced by LPS(q=12.96,18.54,all P<0.001).Conclusion In vitro,bLF can promote IEC-6 viability and proliferation,and have anti-inflammatory effects via inhibited activation of MAPK/NF-κB nuclear translocation.

Objective To explore the relationship between Arg913Gln(G→A) polymorphism of solute carrier family 12 member 3 (SLC12A3) gene and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Han population of Shanghai. Methods Two hundred and fifty-eight Han ethnic people in Shanghai with T2DM (T2DM group) were divided into non-DN group (DN0 group, n=95) and DN group (n=163) according to 24 h urine albumin excretion rate (AER), and those in DN group were subdivided into microalbuminuria group (DN1 group, n=95) and macroalbuminuria group (DN2 group, n=68). Besides, 82 people with normal results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), without diabetes mellitus and nephropathy were served as controls. PCR-sequencing was used to detect the genotypes of Arg913Gln polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene. Genotypic and allelic frequencies and clinical characteristics were compared among groups. Results Three genotypes (GG, GA and AA) were detected. The frequencies of GA+AA genotype and A allele in T2DM group were higher than those in control group, while there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in genotypic or allelic frequencies among subgroups of T2DM group (P>0.05). The level of triglyeeride (TG), AER, level of fasting insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR in patients with GA+AA genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with GG genotype in T2DM group (P<0.05). Conclusion Arg913Gln(G→A) polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene is not significantly associated with T2DM and DN in Han population of Shanghai. The AER of people with GA+AA genotype is significantly higher than that with GG genotype. Arg913Gln (G→A) polymorphism of SLC12A3 gene may predict the risk of increase of albuminuria in patients with T2DM in Han population of Shanghai.

?AlM:To explore the influence factors of orthokeratology controlling development of juvenile myopia.
?Methods: A retrospective analysis of 86 cases ( 169 eyes ) who performed orthokeratology from November 2012 to November 2013 in our hospital was carried out. Ater 2a treatment, diopter increased > -0. 25D as invalid control group (54 eyes), diopter increased ≤ -0. 25D as effective control group ( 115 eyes ) . The difference of various factors between two groups were compared.
?RESULTS: Univariate comparison showed that the two groups had no statistical significance (P>0. 05) in terms of gender, whether wear glasses in the past, anterior corneal diameter before treatment, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth. However, the two groups had statistical significance (P<0. 05) in the terms of age, dioptre before trement, corneal curvature, and axial length basis. Logistic regression analysis showed that foundation axial length, age and corneal curvature were in line with regression model ( P<0. 05 ), these were independent factors that orthokeratology lens control juvenile myopia development.
? CONCLUSlON: lndependent factors affecting orthokeratology control juvenile myopia development is foundation axial length, age and corneal curvature. For juvenile patients, the longer of foundation axial length, the longer the age, the greater the curvature of cornea, orthokeratology can better control the myopia’s development.