Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Moricizine ; therapeutic use ; Tachycardia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the effect of staged repair for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) associated with pulmonary artery hy- poplasty.Methods From June 1996 to June 2006,37 patients with TOF were operated on.There were 26 males and 11 females. Their age was 5 months to 17 years(mean 3.6 years) and weight was 4.6～38.0 kg.All patients were diagnosed as TOF with pulmo- nary artery hypoplasty by cardiac catheterization.The mean pre-operative arterial saturation of the patients was (68.2?6.5) %,Mc- Coon ratio was 0.95?0.26 (0.81～1.17) and Nakata index was 82.7?21.6(71.6～97.5) mm~3/m~2.At the time of the first surgi- cal procedure,17 patients underwent central aortopulmonary shunt,13 patients received modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in the left side and 7 patients had modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in the right side.Results There were no easly operative deaths and no late deaths after the first stage repair.Pleural effusion after shunt occurred in 5 patients.The mean arterial saturation was significantly increased to (91.3?10.4) %,P

ostic sensitivity and specificity of EUS are high in distinguishing benign and malignant character of upper digestive tract GIMTs. EUS plays an important role in guiding the clinical management of upper digestive tract GIMTs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the imtrusion of overerupted molars with microscrews as anchorage.

METHODSThirteen adult patients were treated with microscrew anchorage and fixed appliances. Twenty-three overerupted posterior maxillary teeth were intruded. The intrusive movement was investigated on cephalometric radiographs.

RESULTSThe molars were intruded and the occlusal plane was corrected successfully in all patients. The treatment period of intrusion was from 5 to 18 months (mean 10.4 months). Significant true intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars, ranged from 0.45 mm to 7.00 mm [mean (2.86 +/- 1.80) mm], was achieved (P < 0.001). The apical root resorption was not clinically significant and the bone level was unchanged.

CONCLUSIONSThe microscrew anchorage and fixed appliances were applicable and efficacious for intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Cephalometry ; Dental Implantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Molar ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Cardiac Catheterization ; methods ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; methods ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the effect of CD40 small interfering RNA(siRNA)on the expressions of pe-ripheral blood interleukin(IL)-21 and IL -35 in rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM)and its sig-nificance.Methods Twenty 6 -8 week male Lewis rats were divided into normal group,EAMgroup,CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group by using random number table,with 5 rats in each group.The normal rats were induced with phos-phate buffer saline in double foot pads on day 0 and day 7,while the rest 3 groups were induced with cardiac myosin protein to establish EAMmodels.The rats in CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group were respectively injected with CD40 siRNA and siRNA slow virus expression vector through the tail vein of rats on day 7.The rats were executed on 21 day after echocardiogram examination was made.The histopathologic changes were observed by using light microscope and the myocardial histopathology scores were calculated.Enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of IL -21 and IL -35 in peripheral blood.Results (1)Except the normal group,the total incidence rate of rats of each group was 100%,and there was no rat death.(2)Compared with EAM group,the heart mass/body ratio and myocardial histopathology scores were lower in CD40 siRNA group,and the differences were significant (3.13 ±0.21 vs 3.80 ±0.29,2.22 ±0.43 vs 3.32 ±0.51,F =0.332,0.456,all P <0.05).(3)The echocardiogram showed that there was only 1 rat in EAM group with massive pericardial effusion,and there was no pericardial effusion in CD40 siRNA group.EAMgroup,CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group displayed hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and left ventricular wall,narrow heart cavity and weakening of ventricular wall motion.The left ventricular shortening rate in CD40 siRNA group was significantly higher than that in the EAMgroup[(63.34 ±11.06)% vs (38.56 ±6.98)%,F =16.080,P <0.05].(4)The peripheral blood level of IL -21 in CD40 siRNA group was lower than that in EAM group [(141.19 ±17.46)ng/L vs (157.81 ±17.58)ng/L,F =57.008,P <0.05],while its level of IL -35 was signifi-cantly higher than that in the EAMgroup [(195.96 ±18.26)ng/L vs (174.78 ±13.91 )ng/L,F =31.727,P <0.05].(5)The level of IL -21 in peripheral blood was positively correlated with myocardial histopathology scores in EAM group (r = 0.69,P < 0.05 ),but IL -35 was negatively correlated with myocardial histopathology scores (r =-0.64,P <0.05).Conclusions CD40 siRNA might relieve the myocardial inflammation and reduce the myocar-dial injury of EAMrats.The levels of IL -21 and IL -35 can partly reflect the degree of myocardial injury.The mecha-nism may be related to down -regulating the expression IL -21 and up -regulating the expression of IL -35.

Background Histamine H3 receptor antagonists have been considered as potential drugs to treat central nervous system diseases.However,whether these drugs can inhibit epileptogenesis remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effects of thioperamide,a selective and potent histamine H3 receptor antagonist,on the seizure development and memory impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindling epilepsy in rats.Methods Chemical kindling was elicited by repeated intraperitoneal (ip) injections of a subconvulsant dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every 48 hours for 12 times,and seizure activity of kindling was recorded for 30 minutes.Control rats were ip injected with saline instead of PTZ.Morris water maze was used to evaluate the spatial memory.Phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (p-CREB) was tested by Western blotting in hippocampus.Results Intracerebroventricular (icv) injections with thioperamide (10 μg,20 μg) 30 minutes before every PTZ injections,significantly prolonged the onset of PTZ-kindling and inhibited the seizure stages.PTZ-kindling seizures led to the impairment of spatial memory in rats,and thioperamide ameliorated the impairment of spatial learning and memory.Compared to non-kindling rats,there was a significant decrease in p-CREB level in hippocampus of the PTZ-kindling rats,which was reversed by thioperamide.Conclusions Thioperamide plays a protective role in seizure development and cognitive impairment of PTZ-induced kindling in rats.The protection of thioperamide in cognitive impairment is possibly associated with the enhancement of CREB-dependent transcription.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of sevelamer hydrochloride in treating maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with hyperphosphemia.Methods A multicenter,open-labeled,self-control study was performed.Phosphate binders were discontinued during a two-week washout period.Patients with more than 1.78 mmol/L serum phosphorus after two-week washout period were eligible for the trial.The dose was adjusted every two weeks as necessary to achieve serum phosphorus control. Sevelamer hydrochloride was administered to 138 MHD patients for 10 weeks and a second two-week washout period followed.Results A total of 111 from 138 patients fulfilled the whole 14-week study. Mean serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphate products starte to decline after two-week sevelamer hydrochloride treatment. By the end of 10-week sevelamer hydrochloride treatment, mean serum level of phosphorus [(1.85±0.50) vs (2.57±0.54) mmol/L,P＜0.01],calcium-phosphate product [(4.16± 1.72) vs (5.79 ± 1.50) mmol2/L2,P＜0.01 ] and low density lipoprotein [(1.64±0.76) vs (2.31 ±0.87) mmol/L,P＜0.01] were significantly decreased,while the adjusted serum level of calcium and serum intact parathyroid hormone kept steady.Both serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphrus product increased after the second washout period, but the levels were still lower as compared to pre-treatment [(2.26±0.71) vs (2.57±0.54) mmol/L; (5.12±1.63) vs (5.79±1.50) mmol2/L2,P＜0.01].Of the 138 patients involved,214 episodes in 106 patients and 121 episodes in 89 patients were reported as adverse events and adverse drug reaction respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms,of which most were mild or moderate,happened to 68.1％ (94/138) patients. Conclusions Sevelamer hydrochloride can control serum phosphorus and reduce the levels of calcium-phosphorus product and cholesterol.Slight gastrointestinal symptoms like constipation are common during the treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effets of flurothyl-induced neonatal recurrent seizures on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the rat brain.

METHODSForty-eight seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and seizure. Seizures were induced by inhalant flurothyl daily for six consecutive days. Brains were sampled on postnatal days 13, 15 and 19. The expression of GR protein in the cerebral cortex was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe expression of GR in the cerebral cortical plasma protein was significantly lower in the seizure group than in the control group on postnatal day 15. The expression of GR protein in the cerebral cortical nuclear protein decreased significantly in the seizure group compared with that in the control group on postnatal days 15 and 19 (p<0.05). Compared to the control group, the accumulated optical density (AOD) of GR immunoreactivity (IR) decreased significantly in the parietal cortex on postnatal day 13 (p<0.05), the AOD of GR IR decreased significantly in the parietal cortex and the temporal cortex on postnatal day 15 (p<0.05), and the AOD of GR IR decreased significantly in the parietal cortex, temporal cortex and the frontal cortex in the seizure group on postnatal day 19 (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRecurrent seizures in neonatal rats result in abnormal GR expression in the cerebral cortex which might play an important role in short-term brain injury induced by early recurrent seizures.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cerebral Cortex ; chemistry ; Female ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; analysis ; physiology ; Recurrence ; Seizures ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the nerve system of diabetes mellitus (DM) rats and diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED).

METHODSDM rats were induced by injecting streptozotocin and erectile function test was done by injecting apomorphine (APO) at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months. Then the brain, lumbosacral spinal cord, thoracic and lumbar sympathetic trunks, penis and prostate were taken from the diabetic and normal rats of the same age. The BDNF positive neurons and nerve fibers were shown by immunohistochemistry or fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The number and the grey density of BDNF positive cells and fibers were detected by image analysis.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the erection frequency of the DM rats decreased at 2 months (P <0. 05) , and significantly at 3 and 4 months (P > 0.01) , and the BDNF positive neurons and nerve fibers in the cerebral cortex, lumbosacral spinal cord, thoracic and lumbar sympathetic trunks, penis and prostate of 1-month DM rats were reduced (P <0. 05). As time went on, BDNF declined progressively.

CONCLUSIONBDNF decreases in the central and peripheral nerve system in the early stage of diabetes mellitus, wich is closely correlated with diabetic ED.

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; biosynthesis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nerve Tissue ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley