Objective To investigate the effects of azithromycin on hyperoxia induced lung injury in neonatal rats.Methods Ninety 2-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (30 cases in each group):air control group,hyperoxia model group,azithromycin treated group.The rats in air control group were exposed to indoor air,and the rats in hyperoxia model group and azithromycin group were exposed to 900 mL?L-1 O2 for 14 days.From 2-days-after birth,rats in treated group received intraperitoneal injection of azithromycin (200 mg?kg-1)per day,rats in air control group and hyperoxia model group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline.Ten rats in each group were executed and their lung tissues were taken out and were observed under a optical microscope on the 3rd,7th,14th days from the start.The expression of interferon gamma(IFN-?),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results There was no expression of IFN-? positive cells in air control group,but the expressional intensity level was gradually enhanced as the time of inhaling hyperoxia prolonged in hyperoxia model group,it reached the peak on the 7th day,and then obviously declined on the 14th day,but still higher than that of air control group.The expressional intensity level of IFN-? in azithromycin treated group was lower than that of hyperoxia model group in each time segment,there were significant differences among them(Pa

China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; physiology ; Listeriosis ; epidemiology ; Serotyping

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of somatostatin combined with psychological intervention in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. Methods 48 cases of severe acute pancreatitis patients in Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were divided into the experimental group 24 cases and the control group 24 cases, the control group was given routine clinical treatment, the experimental group on the basis of the control group was given psychological intervention and somatostatin, the treatment effect of the patients between two groups were compared and analyzed. Results APACHEⅡ score, decline degree of Serum amylase, mortality, hospitalization time, remission time and complication rate in the experimental group was significantly better than the control group, the difference between groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis, the combination of somatostatin and psychological intervention could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and control the development of the disease.

PBL teaching method is a new mode of teaching which is originated from the West and implemented into China in recent years with an expectation that it would mainly develop the students’ self-learning ability,and enhance their skills of comprehensive thinking and solving actual problems.The author summarizes the practical experience of using PBL teaching methods in the theory teaching in Department of Medical Microbiology and Human Parasitology,China Medical University in the past three years,and then proved this method is very helpful to improving the students’integrated thinking by analysis of sample.At the same time the results also suggested that the students showed high enthusiasm in discussing the cases.By this way,the students showed great subjective intiative in their studies.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Nanping City, Fujian province and to provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures as well as evaluating the efficacy of prevention and treatment. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence data of HFMD in Nanping City from 2012 to 2021. Results　A total of 49 231 cases of HFMD were reported in Nanping City from 2012 to 2021. The incidence fluctuated greatly over the 10-year period, ranging from 76.10/100 000 to 308.93/100 000, with an average incidence of 184.99/100 000 per year. The overall incidence and the number of cases showed a fluctuating downward trend over time, but the incidence was high in the next year, and there were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates between different years(χ2=8 169.176, P<0.001). There were significant regional differences in the incidence, the top three average annual incidence rates were: Guanze County (370.76/100 000), Zhenghe County (295.31/100 000) and Wuyishan City (250.31/100 000). There were two peaks of HFMD incidence each year, with the first occurring in May and June and the second occurring in September and October. The incidence rate was higher among males (215.86/100 000) than females (152.93/100 000), and males were more susceptible than females (RR=1.412, 95%CI=1.387-1.438). The cases were mainly aged 0-4 years, accounting for 86.25% (42 461/49 231) of all cases, and the incidence rate gradually decreased with increasing age (χ2trend=570,105.801, P<0.001). The majority of cases (85.22%, 41 953/49 231) occurred in children living in scattered areas, followed by children in kindergartens (12.39%, 6 101/49 231). The etiological results showed a total of 3 476 laboratory-confirmed cases, and the proportion of three (classes) of enterovirus positivity varied each year, with different pathogen compositions showing statistical significance (χ2=584.613, P<0.001). In addition to the years 2015-2017, during which Cox A16 and EV71 were the dominant strains, other years were dominated by other enteroviruses, with EV71 being the main type in severe and fatal cases of HFMD in Nanping City. Conclusion　Nanping City should strengthen health education for children living in the diaspora and in day-care centers, enhance surveillance of epidemics and pathogenology, improve vaccination rates against EV71, focus on the detection and typing of other enteroviruses, and implement effective prevention and control measures for HFMD.

ORF1 and ORF2 gene of porcine circovirus type 2 were cloned by PCR with the specific primers designed according to genome of PCV2 (AY035820). Following extraction and digestion, PCR products were subsequently inserted into universal transfer vector plECMV (deleted partial gE and gI of pseudorabies virus) to generate recombinant transfer plasmid pIEORF1-ORF2. The genomic DNA of PRV TK-/gE- /LacZ+ strain and pIEORF1-ORF2 were co-transfected into IBRS-2 cells with lipofectin, and recombinant virus TK- /gE- /gI- /ORF1-ORF2+ was selected by PCR with ORF1 gene and ORF2 gene primers respectively. The recombinant virus was analyzed with Southern blotting and Western blotting. The results indicated that ORF1 and ORF2 gene of PCV2 had been inserted into the genome of TK- /gE- /LacZ+ strain and the expressed ORF1-ORF2 fusion protein could react with PCV2 positive sera. Result of virus titers detection showed the insertion of ORF1 and ORF2 gene did not influence propagation of recombinant virus.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Circovirus ; classification ; genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genes, Viral ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; genetics ; Open Reading Frames ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo screen microRNAs with specific expression of in hippocampus of rats with chronic stress induced depression model, and observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Chaihu Shugan San on the expression of microRNA in hippocampus.

METHODSD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the normal control group, the model control group and the Chaihu Shugan San group. The depression model was replicated by unpredictable chronic mild stress combined with separation. Behavioral changes of the rats were observed by Open-field test and sucrose solution consumption test, and the expression of microRNAs in hippocampus was assayed by microRNA micro-array.

RESULTCompared with the normal control group, there were 13 specific miRNAs in hippocampus in the model control group with the expression difference of more than 2 times. Among them, down-regulating miRNAs included miR298, miR-130b, miR-135a, miR-323, miR-503, miR-15b, miR-532, and miR-125a, and the up-regulation miRNAs included miR7a, miR-212, miR-124, miR-139, and miR-182. Among the 13 specific miRNAs, miR-125a and miR-182 recovered to normal after intervention with Chaihu Shugan San in the Chaihu Shugan San group.

CONCLUSIONThis study preliminarily found that 13 specific miRNAs in hippocampus are related to depression. Among them, miR-125a and miR-182 recover to normal after intervention with Chaihu Shugan San, which may be the target points of the antidepressant effect of Chaihu Shugan San. We shall further analyze the target genes and their mechanisms.

Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Depression ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; psychology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo understand the effects of the IL-1, TNF-alpha cytokines on the pathogenesis of periapical lesions by investigating its gene expression in rat.

METHODSThe model was established by surgically exposing mandibular molar teeth and left open to permit infection from the oral environment. The SD rats were killed at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks and mandibular molar teeth X-ray were taken. In situ hybridization was used to test IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha mRNA expression in periapical area and the kinds of positive cells were identified. Using image analysis system analyzed gene expression semi-quantified.

RESULTSIL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA were all expressed beginning at 1 week, peaked at 3 weeks, and declined somewhat at 4 weeks, but IL-1beta mRNA was expressed at much lower levels with the same kinetics (P<0.01). Most of the staining occurred in areas that had heavy inflammatory infiltrate, fibroblasts, or endothelial cells. There was a statistically significant correlations between the area of periapical lesion and the number of positively stained cells for IL-1alpha and for TNF-alpha (IL-1alpha: r=0.875, P<0.001; TNF-alpha: r=0.858, P<0.001), and between the number of positive cells for IL-1alpha and that of for TNF-alpha (r=0.969, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSIL-1alpha and TNF-alpha genes are highly expressed in developing periapical lesions in rat, which supports the hypothesis that these two cytokines play a key role in pulpal and periapical pathogenesis, including the concomitant bone destruction.

Animals ; In Situ Hybridization ; Interleukin-1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Periapical Periodontitis ; etiology ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; physiology

Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; adverse effects ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Lobe Syndrome ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate and fat metabolism resulted from an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and insulin resistance. Recent studies indicate that oxidative stress may have a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Currently, the diagnosis of body oxidative stress level mainly depends on the detection of oxidative stress markers including reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and lipid peroxide in clinical and experimental studies with methods combining physical and chemical means. The mechanism underlying oxidative stress-induced diabetes mainly may be through two ways. Firstly oxidative stress damages the normal function of islet β cells, through the destruction of mitochondrial structure and inducing apoptosis, activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, causing cell inflammatory response, and reducing insulin synthesis and secretion by inhibiting pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) nuclear cytoplasm translocation as well as inhibiting energy metabolism; Secondly, oxidative stress induces insulin resistance by interfering physiological activities related to insulin signaling including phosphorylation of insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS), the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), as well as injuring the cytoskeleton. Studying the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes not only helps to reveal the pathogenesis of diabetes, but also provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Apoptosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Insulin ; physiology ; Insulin Resistance ; Mitochondria ; pathology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction