ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and progressing stroke.Methods103 patients with acute cerebral infarction within the first 24 hours from onset were tested with carotid color doppler ultrasonography during the first week from admission. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between carotid intima media thickness (IMT), plaque structure, the degree of artery stenosis and the early deterioration of cerebral infarction.ResultsPrevalence of carotid plaque and thickness of IMT in patients with progressing stroke were higher than that in non progressing patients. In logistic regression, presence of carotid plaque was independent predictors of progressing stroke. Plaque size, extent of artery stenosis and IMT were not included in the regression model.ConclusionPlaque structure and its chemical feature may be the cause of progressing stroke.

Recent studies have shown that immune cells play an important role in the development of non-immune diseases.Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a group of T cell subsets which have immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive functions.Abnormalities in the number and function of Treg cells may cause immune imbalance, which leads to the development of diseases.Immunometabolic disorders may in turn affect the generation, proliferation and function of Treg cells.Clarification of the relationship and interaction between immunometabolism and Treg cells will make it possible to treat metabolic diseases with cellular immunotherapy.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize pathogens associated molecular of micro-organisms,leading to activation of the downstream signal transduction pathway and participate in innate and adaptive immune response.TLRs can also recognize endogenous danger signaling molecule and therefore be involved in pathogenesis of many low-grade chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.TLRs are always expressed on immune cells,and recent studies confirmed that retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells also express TLRs.This review focuses on the research progress of fundus diseases and TLRs,such as the recognition of exogenous pathogenic microorganisms and endogenous danger signals in fundus,induction of inflammatory response,phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment by RPE and angiogenesis of fundus diseases.

Bovine Lactoferricin is a fragment of polypeptide which derives from N-terminal of bovine lactoferrin when it is digested by pepsin in acid condition. It has many biological functions. This study was designed to research the antibiosis spectrum of LfcinB and the key functional active site of the LfcinB by amino acid substitution and peptide sequence modification. Antimicrobial spectrum of the artificial synthesized LfcinB was determined by agar-well diffusion method. The antibacterial active sites were confirmed by minimal inhibitory concentration assays. After the Cysteine at the third site and the tryptophan at the eighth site of LfcinB were substituted by alanine, or two cysteine of LfcinB were respectively, the minimal inhibitory concentration of the three artificially modified LfcinBs was assayed. Results showed that LfcinB had a broad-spectrum of antibiosis, it could restrain various bacterials, such as Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungus and mycetes. LfcinB was stable to heat and pH, it could not be inactivated by many protease. The tryptophan at the eighth site and the intramolecular disulfide bond formed between two cysteins played a key role for antibiosis, as the functional active sites of LfcinB.

The suprachoroidal space (SCS) is the potential space between the sclera and choroid.Drugs delivered through SCS can bypass the sclera,avoiding clearance by conjunctival and scleral blood vessels and lymphatic circulation,so that more drugs can reach the disease tissues such as choroid and retina.SCS drug delivery does not disrupt the ocular integrity,is safer than the intravitreal drug injection and more effective than trans-scleral drug delivery.In addition,SCS delivery only needs a very small volume of drug,which makes it possible to be carried out in multiple parts of the sclera,and the specific disease area can be more precisely targeted.SCS drug delivery is suitable for the treatment of choroidal and retinal diseases.However,currently SCS drug delivery is still a novel field and many aspects need to be more in-depth studied,including its safety,delivery methods,drug formulation and effectiveness.

Based on the necessity of carrying out bioethics education to the probationer nurses, this paper put forward to introduce psychological sitcom to the probationer nurses′ bioethics education and described the practice process in detail. It also discussed the mechanism to improve the effectiveness of bioethics education from the per-spectives of creation, dramatization, and performance of psychological sitcom.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the synergism and attenuation of Fermented Radix Astragali Powder(FAP)on Cyc-lophosphamide(Cy),a tumor chemotherapeutics,and to explore more economical and effective assistant chemotherapeutics.METHODS:In synergism experiments,the mice tumor models(S180 and H22 solid tumor and H22 ascitic tumor)were used to observe the effects of FAP combined with Cy on tumor control rate and survival time of mice.In attenuation experiments,the effects of FAP against toxic reactions including myelosuppression,atrophy of immune organs,and lesions on renal function induced by high dose of Cy in mice were observed.RESULTS:FAP did enhanced the the antitumor effect of Cy on S180 and H22 solid tumor,lessened Cy-induced toxic reactions such as aleucocytosis,the reduction of the nucleated cells in bone marrow and the weight loss of spleen in mice,meanwhile,it showed protective effect on renal function yet without no significant influence on hepatic function.CONCLUSION:FAP has synergistic and attenuation effects on Cy.

OBJECTIVE:To study the incidence,types,constitution ratio of adverse drug reactions(ADR)induced by antibiotics and the correlation factors of the ADR so as to promote rational drug use in our hospital.METHODS:The literature about antibiotics-induced ADR from Jan.1980 to May 2008 retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data and VIP full-text data base was analyzed quantitatively by dividing the literature into different categories:case study or typical case reports,clinical trial or observational reports,and regional ADR monitoring data base or hospital ADR analytical reports.RESULTS:There were 2 310 case studies or typical case reports and in which 3 794 ADR cases were reported,which manifested chiefly as allergic reaction(35.58%),nervous system reaction(17.82%)and disulfiram-like reaction(in 546 cases).928 papers were literature about clinical trial or observational reports and in which 9 434 ADR cases were reported and the average ADR incidence was 9.14%,with anti-tuberculosis drugs showing the highest proportion(25.57%),followed by nitromidazole(24.29%)and carbapenem antibiotics(23.52%);and the ADR manifested chiefly as gastrointestinal tract reaction and allergic reaction,and there were ADR cases manifested as pathoglycemia induced by quinolones.There were 300 papers were literature about regional ADR monitoring data base or hospital ADR analytical reports,in which almost all the major variety of antibiotics were involved,leading the list in terms of ADR cases were quinolones,penicillins and cephalosporins.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to the rational use of antibiotics so as to avoid or reduce ADR incidence and ensure safe and effective use of antibiotics in patients.

Objective To investigate the state of glucocorticoid(GC) - induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and the current prevention of GIOP in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. Methods Primary glomerulonephritis patients receiving GC therapy were observed and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and the femoral neck were measured. Age, sex, body - mass - index, smoking history, the time and accumulative dose of GC treatment, and the state of osteoporosis prevention were investigated, the factors that influence the BMD were analyzed. Results A total of one hundred and twenty- three patients were included in this study. Among them, osteoporosis and os-teopenia were found in 82 patients (66.7%). Lumbar spine BMD decrease gradually with the increase of the accumulative dose of GC. There were statistical differences in the BMD of lumbar spine in patients with receving GC at the period of less than 1 month compared with other groups( 1-12 months) (P

Proteome is defined as all proteins expressed in a cell, a tissue or an organism. Proteomics, a science of understanding the life activity law at the whole protein level, takes proteome as a research object; it is also a scientific method for quantitative detection of one or more protein populations or proteomes in a cell or tissue. Cerebral ischemic preconditioning has been one of the research hotspots in the field of neuroscience for decades. Its neuroprotec-five mechanism is associated with the changes of protein expression levels after cerebral ischemia, Therefore, proteomics has become more and more important in its mechanism study. This article mainly presents the major techniques of proteomics and their application in the studies of cerebral ischemic preconditioning.