Objective:To study the effect of invigorating the kidney and spleen complex prescription on deltamethrin intoxicated pregnant rats. Methods:Pregnant rats were divided into 5 groups. Except the blank group,other groups were orally fed 1/20LD50(6.93mg/kg)DM daily from day 1 to 15 when proved pregrancy. 4 Hours later,rats in model group were given physiological saline,other 3 groups were given high/ median /low dose of Zhuyun Formula. Half pregnant rats were killed on D15. The rest was kept until labour. The abortion rate,survival rate,delivery condition,the level of estradiol,progestogen were observed. Results:With respect to abortion rate,model group showed statistical signifi cance when compared with other groups. Model group also showed low progesterone level. With the treatment Zhuyun Ⅲ,it had desirable effect in decreasing abortion rate,and increasing the level of progesterone. The labour time of all groups was within the normal range. Conclusion:DM had toxicity on reproduction,it could lead to abortion which was related to endocrine function of pregnant rats. Zhuyun Ⅲ could regulate the above condition and relief DM toxicity.

Objective To explore the higher dangerous factors,the early clinical performances and its contents of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage(NPH).Methods The clinical performances,chest radiograms and autoptical pathological materials of 66 cases of newborns who died of NPH at our neonatal department during 1993 to 2003 were reviewed and analyzed.Results The higher dangerous factors of NPH were premature delivery/low birth weight,serious diseases lead to hypoxia and severe infections.The early clinical performances of NPH were the suddenly aggravation of dyspnea and the increasing of moist sounds.The early X-ray performances were lower penetrance of lung fields extensively and well-distributly with path clouds,the intercostals space usually increased.According to the autoptical(patho)-logy,this X-ray perfomance indicated the edema of the pulmonary with small amount of hemorrhage.Conclusion The patients with the higher dangerous factors and the early clinical performances of NPH,must be diagnosed and interfered it as early as possible to reduce the mortality of NPH.

Objective To investigate the correlation between dose volume histogram(DVH)of tumor targets and organs at risk(OAR)at CT-image based 192Ir brachytherapy and effects and complications for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods Ten patients with FIGO stage ⅢB cervical cancer received CT image-based 192Ir intracavitary brachytherapy after 54 Gy of three-dimentional four-field pelvic external beam radiotherapy and concurrent weekly cisplatin chemotherapy. Before each brachytherapy,CT images were acquired with applicators in place. Gross tumor volume(GTV), clinical target volume (CTV)and OAR were contoured and inverse treatment planning was designed and optimized by using PLATO treatment planning system. Conventional two-dimensional plans were also designed for comparison.The total intracavitary brachytherapy dose was 30 -42 Gy in 5 -7 fractions. The patients were followed, and the local control and complications were analyzed. The biologically equivalent dose(BED)and biologically equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions(BED2)for GTV, CTV and OAR were calculated. The minimum dose in the most irradiated tissue volume 2 cm3(D2 cm3)adjacent to the applicator of the sigmoid colon, rectum,bladder and small bowel was determined from the DVH. Results The 1-year local pelvic control rate was 90% and grade 1-2 late complication of sigmoid colon and rectum was 50%. No grade 3 or more complications developed. On CT-image based planning, the BED and BED2 to 90% of the CTV(D90)were 95.50 Gy ± 7. 81 Gy and 79. 73 Gy ± 6. 57 Gy. The BED and BED2 to 90% of the GTV(D90)were 101.86 Gy ± 7.27 Gy and 84. 95 Gy ± 6. 1 Gy. The volume enclosed by 90% of prescribed dose(V90)for GTV and CTV were 92% ±4% and 87% ±7% respectively. The D2cm3 for rectum and sigmoid colon were 74. 97 Gy ±1.64 Gy and 67. 93 Gy ± 4. 30 Gy(EQD2, α/β = 3). Comparing with 2D brachytherapy plans , CT - image based planning has improved D90 and V90 for GTV and CTV with similar dose at point A and rectum reference point. Conclusions Computer tomography-image based 192Ir brachytherapy has resulted in the better dose distribution to the tumor targets with excellent tumor control and acceptable toxicity.

AIM: To investigate the clinical features of dry eye with type 2 diabetic patients,and to analyze the correlation between the clinical features of dry eye and the disease condition.METHODS: Retrospective case series study.Dry eye cases with type 2 diabetic were analyzed from March to December in 2016.And the clinical features of patients were summarized.Dry eye examination including tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer test (schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt).Patients were divided into <60 years and≥60 years group by the age.And patients were divided into <5 group,5-9 years group,≥10 years according to the duration of diabetes.According to the condition of blood glucose,patients were divided into glucose controlled group and the group blood glucose uncontrolled.The results were statistically analyzed with gender,age,duration of diabetes and blood glucose level.RESULTS: There were 178 cases collected.All cases were diagnosed as dry eye both eyes.The patient`s age ranged from 32 to 85 years,with an average 58.41±13.06 years.There were 110 (61.8%) male cases,and 68 (38.2%) female cases.In all cases,the mean value of BUT was 4.52±2.31s,and the mean value of SⅠt was 4.25±1.99mm/5min.The value of women were more than men,but the differences were not significant statistically.Patients of ≥60 group were less than the age group of <60 patients,and the difference was significant statistically (t=4.153,4.021;P<0.01).In different course,all groups were lower than the normal.The value of≥10 years group was the least,<5 years group was the highest,and 5-9 years group was middle one.The differences were statistically significant (F=68.884,60.204;P<0.01).The value of blood glucose controlled group was significantly higher than the group blood glucose uncontrolled,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-6.615,-5.918;P<0.01).CONCLUSION:There were two types dry eye in 2 diabetic patients: the instability of tear-film and the reduction of tear secretion.The clinic features of dry eye were related to age,the course of the disease,and the level of blood glucose.

OBJECTIVE: To study nomal valuels of PI, RI and S/D in healthy male penile dorsum artery (DA) and cavernosal artery (CA). METHODS: 257 healthy mature men were divided into 5 groups by age. Group 1: <30, n=65; Group 2: 30-39, n=83; Group 3: 40-49, n=61; Group 4: 50-59, n=38; Group 5: > or = 60, n=10. Hibateral PI, RI and S/D values of penile dorsum artery and cavernosal artery were examined by Logidop(r)2 Type Digital Doppler Ultrasonography. RESULTS: There were no significant difference for PI, RI and S/D of penile dorsum artery and cavernosal artery not only in personal left and right artery but also in different age groups. Normal values advised: (1)LDA:PI 1.43-3.43, RI 0.72-0.92, S/D 2.68-10.56. (2)RDA PI 1.47-3.47, RI 0.73-0.93, S/D 3.27-10.09. (3)LCA:PI 1.49-3.21, RI 0.74-0.90, S/D 3.17-9.55. (4)RCA:PI 1.93-3.27, RI 0.72-0.90, S/D 3.22-9.42. CONCLUSION Doppler ultrasonography is a favorable method in filtering penile arterial function.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Arteries/diagnostic imaging* ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic/diagnosis* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis/diagnostic imaging* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical features of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and positive expression of sp100 autoantibody in order to generate a clinical screening profile that may help to increase early diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy.

METHODSThe clinical data of 70 patients who were diagnosed with PBC by liver biopsy between January 2006 to December 2009 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine were retrospectively collected for analysis. The patients were divided according to expression of anti-sp100: positive patients, n = 12; negative patients, n = 58. The groups were comparatively analyzed for differences in clinical, biochemical, immunological, and histopathological parameters. Normally distributed data was compared by t-test, and non-normally data was compared by rank-sum test.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in age among the sp100-positive and sp100-negative patients (51.6 +/- 9.5 vs. 50.0 +/- 14.7 years, P more than 0.05). The sp100-positive group had significantly more women (80.0% vs. 61.9%, X2 = 0.32, P more than 0.05) and more patients with atypical symptoms (18.2% vs. 13.8%) but the difference of the latter did not reach statistical significance. The sp100-positive group had significantly higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP; 466 vs. 163 U/L, Z = 3.71), gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT; 728 vs. 154 U/L, Z = 3.38), and immunoglobulin M (IgM; 4.25 +/- 2.86 vs. 2.81 +/- 2.15, t = 2.06, P less than 0.05). Forty of the total patients tested negative for antimitochondrial (AMA)-M2 antibodies, and eight of those were sp100-positive (20.0%) while 18 were antinuclear (ANA) antibody-positive (45.0%). There were significantly more AMA-M2-negative/ANA-positive patients than sp100-positive patients (P = 0.021). Anti-sp100 expression was not associated with the pathological stage of PBC (R1 = 5.500, P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSP100-positive PBC may show a bias towards the female sex, and may be characterized by enhanced serum levels of ALP, GGT, and IgM. Further clinical differences may manifest as the disease progresses, and changes in autoantibodies' expression and liver function markers should be carefully monitored in follow-up.

Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; blood ; Antigens, Nuclear ; immunology ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Autoantigens ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of relapsing polychondritis (RP) in childhood.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of three cases of childhood RP from our hospital on clinical features, diagnosis and treatment was performed, data of the other sixteen cases from MEDLINE were also reviewed. Clinical features of all nineteen children with RP were compared with adults with RP.

RESULTSThe age of the three cases at the time of diagnosis ranged from 10 years to 15 years (the minimum age was 2 years in the literature). The course from onset of clinical symptom to making definite diagnosis varied from 3 months to 9 months (from 3 months to 2 years in the literature). In the three cases, childhood RP affected multiple system/organs, and produced diverse clinical manifestations such as arthritis, auricular chondritis, nasal chondritis (leading to a saddle nose deformity), conjunctivitis and so on. Also, tracheostomy was performed because of severe difficulty in breathing for all the 3 cases. Compared with adult RP, involvement of respiratory system existed in 78.9% of childhood patients, which was more frequent and serious than that of adult cases with RP (35.2%); arthritis was the most common clinical manifestation and first symptoms; Fewer children with RP were associated with other autoimmune diseases than adults. Although both erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels were high in the three cases, anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) were all negative, it was difficult to define the diagnosis of RP because there were no specific laboratory indicators for diagnosis. The confirmation of diagnosis of two cases was relied on clinical criteria, while another case got pathological material for diagnostic support. CT images with three-dimensional reconstruction of the respiratory tract were helpful for early diagnosis of childhood RP. All the three patients were responsive to glucocorticoid, especially to methylprednisolone, however, recurrence of RP was frequent. Treatment with etanercept was successful in one case with refractory RP.

CONCLUSIONSIt is very important to obtain detailed medical history, complete physical examination and do necessary laboratory and imaging tests (e.g. CT images with three-dimensional reconstruction of the airways, pulmonary function tests and so on) for reducing misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants are usually effective for childhood RP, but the effects may not be lasting. Etanercept may be a new option to treat refractory RP in childhood.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polychondritis, Relapsing ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Research Report ; Retrospective Studies

AIMPoly (methoxypolyethyleneglycol cyanoacrylate-co-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate) (PEG-PHDCA) and PHDCA niosomes were prepared and the influence of the PEG chain length on the niosomes physicochemical characteristics, complement consumption and phagocytic uptake were studied.

METHODSThe physicochemical parameters of PEG-PHDCA niosomes were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta aqueous layer thickness. The relationship between physicochemical characteristics and in vitro complement consumption and phagocytic uptake was further illustrated.

RESULTSExperimental results showed that PEG10,000-PHDCA had most loose structure and least PEG surface density among three groups. Configuration simulation through fixed aqueous layer thickness confirmed that PEG folding and less flexibility of the PEG chains of PEG10,000-PHDCA niosomes were accountable for its poor stealth effects. Compared with PEG2,000-PHDCA, PEG5,000-PHDCA showed a thicker fixed aqueous layer (FALT) of 4.20 nm, less negative zeta potential of -10.03 mV, and enhanced PEG surface density of 0.49 PEG x nm(-2), leading to the best effects of reduction of complement consumption and phagocytic uptake.

CONCLUSIONExcessive chain length of PEG was not necessary for stealth effects of PEG-PHDCA niosomes. PEG5,000-PHDCA niosomes had best effects on evading complement consumption and subsequent phagocytic uptake.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Complement System Proteins ; metabolism ; Cyanoacrylates ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Macrophages ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Particle Size ; Phagocytosis ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Surface Properties

OBJECTIVETo develop the quality control standard of Zhishidaozhi Tabloid Pills.

METHODApplying TLC to identify Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, and HPLC to determine the content of emodin of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.

RESULTRadix et Rhizoma Rhei, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Rhizoma Coptidis and Radix Scutellariae could be indentified by TLC. Emodin showed a good linear relationship at a rang of 0.0612-0.612 microgram, r = 0.9999. The average recovery was 97.9%, and RSD was 2.1%.

CONCLUSIONThe methods are accurate and quick, and can be used for the quality control of Zhishidaozhi Tabloid Pills.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; standards ; Emodin ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Scutellaria ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical manifestations for norovirus gastroenteritis in infants and young children.

METHODSStool specimens were collected from infants and children with acute diarrhea who visited the affiliated Children's Hospital to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2002 to December 2006. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect human norovirus antigen in stool specimens and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed to detect rotavirus genome.

RESULTSOut of the 318 specimens under testing, 79 showed positive for norovirus antigen, with a positive rate of 24.8% (79/318). Among those positive specimens, 48(48/79, 60.8%) were detected in October to December, suggesting the seasonal preference of the virus. Most of the positive specimens (91.2%) were from those under 2 years of age. Rotavirus genome were detected from 16 out of 79 norovirus positive specimens (16/79, 20.3%), indicating those patients were co-infected by these two viruses. There was significant difference found in the severity of fever but not in the frequencies of diarrhea between rotavirus and norovirus co-infection group and noroviral infection group. Fourteen out of 79 norovirus positive patients were admitted to hospitals under the diagnosis other than gastroenteritis but started to develop symptoms of diarrhea between 1 to 11 days after hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONNorovirus seemed one of the most important pathogens for acute diarrhea among infants and young children and could cause nosocomial infectious gastroenteritis.

Caliciviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; diagnosis ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Norovirus ; classification ; genetics ; pathogenicity