OBJECTIVETo observe the short-term and long-term efficacies on primary dysmenorrhea treated with staging acupoint embedment therapy.

METHODSSeventy cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an embedment therapy group and a fenbid group, 35 cases in each one. In the embedment therapy group, the embedment therapy was applied twice during the menstrual cycle, one treatment 3 days before menstruation and one treatment during the 12th-14th days of menstruation, respectively. Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Diji (SP 8) and Ciliao (BL 32) were the main acupoints in the treatment 3 days before menstruation. Shenshu (BL 23), Ganshu (BL 18) and Pishu (BL 20) were the main acupoints in the treatment during menstruation. In the fenbid group, fenbid was prescribed for oral administration, 0.3 g each time, twice a day, starting 3 days before menstruation till pain was relieved. The treatment of one menstrual cycle was one session. The continuous treatment of 3 menstrual cycles was required. The short-term and long-term efficacies were evaluated at the end of the 3rd cycle and in 3 months after the treatment terminal. The dysmenorrhea score was used to evaluate the efficacy. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and SF-36 were for the assessment of pain degree and life quality.

RESULTS(1) The total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in the embedment therapy group after the 3 menstrual cycles, which was better than 74.3% (26/35) in the fenbid group (P < 0.01). In the follow-up stage, the total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in the embedment therapy group, which was better than 40.0% (14/35) in the fenbid group (P < 0.01). (2) The differences were not significant in dysmenorrhea score and VAS score after the 1st and 2nd menstrual cycle treatments between the two groups (all P > 0.05). In the 3rd menstrual cycle and the follow-up stage, the dysmenorrhea score and VAS score were reduced obviously in the embedment therapy group as compared with those in the fenbid group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The rebound effect occurred in the follow-up stage in the fenbid group. (3) In the 3rd menstrual cycle and the follow-up stage, the improvement in the total score of life quality of the embedment therapy group was superior apparently to the fenbid group (P < 0.05, P < 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONThe staging acupoint embedment therapy achieves the superior short-term and long-term efficacies as compared with the oral administration of fenbid in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. As the symptoms of dysmenorrhea and pain are relieved, the life quality is improved.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Dysmenorrhea ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Pain Measurement ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cervix Uteri ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Choriocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Placental Lactogen ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

11.1mmol/L were treated by 2 weeks CSⅡ.The elements of 2 hours postprandial,insulin,C-peptide, HbAlc,HOMA-?,and HOMA-IR were analyzed and compared before and after treatment,and the control of post- prandial of patients for 2 years was observed.Results The excellent control of FPG and 2h PG in 36 patients were achieved stably in(5.6?0.4)mmol/L and(8.2?1.4)mmol/L below the condition of(13.6?1.5)mmol/L and (20.1?4.0)mmol/L before treatment(P

Bufalin is an active compound of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, which exhibits significant anti-tumor activities in many solid tumors and leukemia cell lines. Bufalin could introduce apoptosis, reverse drug-resistance, and prevent migration and invasion of tumor cells. This paper reviewed the latest research progress of the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effect and mechanism of bufalin on a series of cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, bladder cancer, and its formulation study is also summarized for the reference of its further study and application.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Bufanolides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effects of different standard cross sections and angles on the measurement accuracy of induced postnatal fetal long bones. Methods Fetal long bones (femori and humeri) in 30 cases with induced abortion were measured utilizing ultrasound from different angles and /or at different directions. The values measured from different sections and angles with vernier calipers were compared prenatally and postnatally. Results There was no apparent difference between the pre-induced abortion and those of the post-induced abortion. The results in the 30 cases showed that: (1) the values measured from anterior 90 degree, the long bone length would best match with the bare long bone length up to 96.7%, the match rate of other angles and/or directions was up to 80%; (2) no apparent statistical difference was between the length of left and right bone and no difference was found using 4 different directions and 3 different angles; (3)there was no difference between the left and right femuri and humeri.Conclusions Though the measured value from anterior 90 degree direction was the most accurate one, the statistical analtical results showed no difference among 12 values measured from 3 different angles and/or 4 different directions.

To develop an analytic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamides A, B in 42 samples of two official species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma( ARR) (37 samples of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with different collection time and 5 samples of Asarum sieboldiivar. seoulense). The HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS methods for the qualitative and UPLC-PDA methods for the quantitative analysis were established. Dodecatetraenamides A, B were identified by comparing the retention time, UV absorption spectrum and quasi-molecular ion peak [ M + H]+ with the reference compound using HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS. The content of dodecatetraenamides A and B in ARR were determined by UPLC-PDA. The separation was successfully carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) column eluted with mobile phases of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient program (0-3 min, 35% B; 3-5 min, 35%-36% B; 5-6 min, 36%-43% B; 6 min-11 min 43% B; 11-12 min, 43%-100% B). The column temperature was 45 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.6 mL · min(-1). On one level mass spectrometry scanning, the results showed that the quasi-molecular ion [M + H] + of both dodecatetraenamides A and B were m/z 248.20. The quantitative method with UPLC-PDA has made the baseline separation of the constituents, which were reported as mixtures in the most literatures. The average recovery of dodecatetraenamides A and B were 97.90% and 99.86%, the relative standard deviation were 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. The contents of dodecatetraenamides A, B in all ARR samples was in the range of 0.11-3.89 and 0.24-6.65 mg · g(-1). Their contents reduced with the extension of storage time. Compared with the samples of 2013, the average content of the two constituents in the samples collected in year 2002-2003 reduced 34% and 36%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared the A. sieboldii var. seoulense and A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with the same collective time and production area, the average contents of the two constituents in latter were up to (1.59 ± 0.75) mg · g(-1) and (2.90 ± 1.17) mg · g(-1), respectively, significantly higher than that in A. sieboldii var. seoulense (dodecatetraenamide A were (0.78 ± 0.52) mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B were (1.69 ± 0.83) mg · g(-1)) (P < 0.05). The content of the dodecatetraenamide A in overground part was in the range of 0.11-0.33 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 0. 24-0.60 mg · g(-1), which were much lower than that of the underground part of ARR (dodecatetraenamide A was in the range of 0.73-3.89 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 2.11-6.24 mg · g(-1)). The method was certified to be simple, accurate and reliable and could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamide A and B in different species of ARR, also can be used for the comprehensive quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
Amides ; chemistry ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Rhizome ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: Highway accidents increase year by year, and the most vulnerable area is the neck. Finite element analysis can be used to study the mechanical mechanism of cervical injury. Most of researches focus on the optimization of the model and low-speed collision conditions, but the association of neck injury with cervical tension stress is little reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanical mechanism of neck injuries caused by traffic accidents, and to compare the von Mises and axial stress of the cervical vertebrae. METHODS: A cervical spine model including cervical vertebrae, intervertebral disc, ligament, muscle, facet joint was set up. The model was validated based on the experimental data of the former impact volunteers. The dynamic response of the cervical vertebrae was achieved using the finite element method (80, 120, and 160 km/h). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The established upper cervical model had a high biosimulation, which could be used in studies on the cervical injury and each part injury caused by traffic accidents. (2) Under high-speed post-impact condition, the cervical injury became severe with speed increasing, especially C4level. (3) The axial stress was more available to assess the injury of cancellous bone than von Mises. (4) After high-speed post-impact, the vertebrae diaplaced, especially at 120 km/h, thereby causing articular separation and fracture, further inducing nerve root injury.

Objective To summarize the ultrasonographic features and differential diagnosis of uterine cornual pregnancy.Methods Trans-abdominal and trans-vaginal ultrasound were performed in 93 uterine cornual pregnancy patients before surgery,ultrasonographic findings of uterine cornual pregnancy through different two approaches were analyzed and compared with surgical and pathologic findings.ResultsIn contrast with surgical and pathological diagnosis,66 cases(82.5%,66/80) of uterine cornual pregnancy were accurately diagnosed by ultrasonography before surgery,these cases were divided into gestational sac pattern (55 cases) and mixed mass pattern(11 cases); 11 cases were misdiagnosed as interstitial tubal pregnancy,2 cases were misdiagnosed as pregnancy in rudimentary horn,1 case was misdiagnosed as choriocarcinoma,misdiagnosed rate were 17.5%(14/80); uterine cornual pregnancy presented as adnexal mass in ultrasound in 13 cases,while ruptured uterine cornual mass were found in surgery,in which location and type of the masses couldn't be accurately diagnosed by ultrasound.Ultrasonographic features of uterine cornual pregnancy presented as a gestational sac located in extended cornual of uterus,surrounded by thin myometrium,and connected with endometrium.The misdiagnosed causes were: (1) Uterine cornual mass was not connected with endometrium or surrounded by thin myometrium,which were misdiagnosed as interstitial tubal pregnancy.(2) Uterine cornual pregnancy with thick lateral myometrium were misdiagnosed as pregnancy in rudimentary horn.(3)Uterine cornual pregnancy presented as cornual mass with abundant blood flow was misdiagnosed as choriocarcinoma.Conclusions Uterine cornual pregnancy can be accurately diagnosed by trans-abdominal and trans-vaginal ultrasound.Ultrasonographic features are helpful in differential diagnosis of uterine cornual pregnancy.

Ticks are the vectors of various pathogens, threatening human health and animal production across the globe. Here, for the first time we detected Ricketssia spp., Borrelia spp. and protozoan in ticks from Poyang Lake region in Jiangxi Province of eastern China. In 3 habitat categories and on 12 host species, 311 ticks from 11 species were collected. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the predominant species, accounting for 55.63%, followed by Rhipicephalus microplus, Haemaphysalis flava and Ixodes granulatus. Of the collected ticks, 7.07% were positive for tick-borne pathogens, and H. longicornis and H. flava were found to be co-infected with Ricketssia spp. and protozoan. H. flava was the most detected positive for tick-borne pathogens, whereas H. longicornis had the lowest infection rate, and the difference in infection rates between tick species was significant (χ²=61.24, P < 0.001). Furthermore, adult ticks demonstrated remarkably greater infection rate than immature ticks (χ²=10.12, P=0.018), meanwhile ticks on Erinaceidae showed significantly higher positivity than ticks collected on other host species (χ²=108.44, P < 0.001). Genetic fragment sequencing and analyses showed at least 4 pathogen species presence in ticks, namely Borrelia yangtzensis, Rickettsia slovaca or Rickettsia raoultii related genospecies, Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon canis or Hepatozoon felis related genospecies. The finding indicates that the abundant ticks can carry diverse pathogens in Poyang Lake region, and pathogen infection is highly related to species, vertebrate hosts and life stages of ticks.
Adult ; Animals ; Babesia ; Borrelia ; Cats ; China ; Ecosystem ; Epidemiology ; Felis ; Hedgehogs ; Humans ; Ixodes ; Lakes ; Rhipicephalus ; Rickettsia ; Risk Factors ; Ticks ; Vertebrates

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets before and after autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in severe/refractory autoimmune disease (AID) and study the post-transplantation immunological reconstitution in AID.

METHODSThirteen patients with severe/refractory AID who registered for HSCT from April 2003 to April 2005 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, including 8 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 4 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 1 patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected before/after mobilization, before conditioning, and 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months post-transplantation. Lymphocyte subsets were tested by flow cytometry as follows: T cell (CD3 +), B cell (CD19 +), natural killer (CD3-CD16 + CD56 +), Th (CD3 + CD4 +), Tc (CD3 + CD8 +), naïve T (CD4 + CD45RA), memory T (CD4 + CD45RO), and CD4/CD8 ratio.

RESULTSLymphocyte subsets for SLE patients were severely abnormal compared to normal or RA patients (both P < 0.01). B cell reconstituted to normal level within 18 months, meanwhile NK and T cell remained low. The repopulations of Th and naive T cell were delayed, which caused the up-side-down of CD4/CD8 ratio and low level of naYve T cell percentage for a relatively long time.

CONCLUSIONSLymphocyte subsets abnormality in SLE patients are more severe than in RA patients. Although most autoimmune T/B cell in the grafts and patients can be effectively removed after transplantation, nonmyeloablative conditioning may be a risk for the relapse of AID. The long-term inhibition of CD4 + T cell may be related with the relief of AID after transplantation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; blood ; immunology ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; blood ; immunology ; therapy ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; pathology ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; immunology ; therapy