Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship of the incidence of bronchial dysplasia (bronchial anomalous origin and bronchial stenosis) with congenital heart disease.

METHODSA total of 185 children with congenital heart disease or bronchial dysplasia were enrolled. Bronchial dysplasia was identified by the 64-MSCT conventional scanning or thin slice scanning with three-dimensional reconstruction.

RESULTSForty-five children (25.3%) had coexisting bronchial dysplasia and congenital heart disease. The incidence rate of bronchial dysplasia in children with congenital heart disease associated with ventricular septal defect was higher than in those without ventricular septal defect (33.7% vs 15.0%; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of bronchial dysplasia between the children with congenital heart disease who had a large vascular malformation and who did not.

CONCLUSIONSBronchial dysplasia often occurs in children with congenital heart disease. It is necessary to perform a tracheobronchial CT scanning with three-dimensional reconstruction to identify tracheobronchial dysplasia in children with congenital heart disease, especially associated with ventricular septal defect.

Adolescent ; Bronchi ; abnormalities ; embryology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Infant ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To discuss the method,mid-long term clinical therapeutic effect and safety of coil embolization in treating patients with hepatic arterial pseudoaneurysm(HAPA).Methods Seven patients with repeatedly massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract were undertaken DSA of celiac arteries and hepatic arteries and embolization of the feeding artery by coils or microcoils after correct diagnosis.All cases underwent follow-up from 6 to 60 months(mean 38).Results The blood loss before angiography was ranged from 1200 to 4000(mean 2385)ml.There were 3 cases with normal hepatic function and 4 with hepatic dysfunction including ALT increase in 2 and obstructive jaundice in another.Digital substraction angiography(DSA)clearly showed the location,shape and feeding arteries of HAPA.There were 2 types of HAPA namely intrahepatic (n=3)and extrahepatic(n=4),adding one case with arteriovenous fistula(AVF).Embolization was successful in all cases by coils(n=13)or microeoils(n=12).No recurrence and any definite clinical complication occurred during follow-up.Conclusion Coil embolization in treating HAPA is safe and effective with mid-long term positive clinical therapeutic efficiency without severe complications.(J Intervent Radiol, 2007,16:803-806)

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of norovirus in Guangxi from 2015 to 2020, and to provide scientific recommendations for norovirus prevention and control. Methods The foodborne diseases surveillance data were collected from 11 sentinel hospitals through the National Foodborne Disease Monitoring and Reporting System from 2015 to 2020. R software with version 4.0.3 was used for descriptive and statistical analysis, including epidemic curve, chi-square test, and trend chi-square and so on. Logistic regression was used to analyze norovirus-related factors, OR values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated respectively with the statistical test level of P<0.05. Results There were 1 008 norovirus cases detected, with a detection rate of 12.75% (1 008/7 903). Children with age less than 5 years (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.13-1.82) and patients at age 20-45 (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.13-1.87) were high risk population. The detection rate was higher in autumn (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.08-1.53) but lower in summer (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.55-0.80). In addition, the tourist area (Guilin City) presented a higher detection rate than other areas (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.10-1.80). Aquatic products (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.91), meat and dairy products (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.06-1.61) were high-risk foods for norovirus infection. The prevention and control policies of COVID-19 can reduce the possibility of norovirus by 61% (OR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.31-0.49) showed a declining trend (Trend χ2=85.33, P<0.001). In addition, prolonged visit time can lead to 19%-23% decrease in the detection rate of norovirus (OR24-48 hours=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.95; OR>48 hours=0.77, 95%CI: 0.63-0.93). Conclusions　The epidemic of norovirus presented seasonal and regional distribution in Guangxi with a declining detection rate trend in diarrhea patients during recent 6 years. Young children were high-risk population in infection norovirus. The intake of seafood can increase the risk of norovirus infection. The prevention and control policies of COVID-19 can sharply decrease the possibility of infection norovirus. The monitoring of key foods such as seafood should be strengthened, and the early screening of suspected cases should be taken. The norovirus monitoring should be improved to ensure the health of the population.

INTRODUCTIONChronic bacterial, viral and parasitic infections contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study investigated risk factors and time-trends of the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis and hepatitis A total antibody; and co-infection with syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C among newly diagnosed HIV individuals in Singapore.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study. A random sample of 50% of HIV infected patients who visited the Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), Singapore for first-time care from January 2006 to December 2011 were analysed.

RESULTSAmong the 793 study subjects, 93.4% were male; 77.9% of them were of Chinese ethnicity; mean age at HIV diagnosis was 41.4 years; and the mean baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 222 cells/mm³. The prevalence of sero-reactivity for CMV was 96.8%; hepatitis A: 40.9%; and toxoplasmosis: 23.7%. Co-infection with syphilis was identified in 12.3%; hepatitis B: 8.1%; and hepatitis C: 2%. Among those co-infected with hepatitis C, 73.3% of them were intravenous drug user (IVDU). Syphilis co-infection was significantly more common among men who have sex with men (MSM) (multivariate OR: 2.53, 95% CI, 1.31 to 4.90, P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONThis study described the baseline rates of HIV co-infection with syphilis, hepatitis B and C in Singapore, and sero-reactivity to CMV, toxoplasmosis and hepatitis A. The increased rates compared to the general population may have important consequences for disease progression, response to antiretroviral treatment and long-term general health.

Adult ; Coinfection ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytomegalovirus ; isolation & purification ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; blood ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Hepacivirus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; blood ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Syphilis ; blood ; epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Toxoplasmosis ; blood ; epidemiology

INTRODUCTIONHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotyping resistance test (GRT) is essential for monitoring HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs). High cost and HIV-1 genetic variability are challenges to assay availability in Singapore. An in-house Sanger sequencing-based GRT method was developed at the Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), Singapore's HIV national treatment reference centre for both subtype B and non-subtype B HIV-1.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe in-house GRT sequenced the fi rst 99 codons of protease (PR) and 244 codons of reverse transcriptase (RT) in the pol gene. The results were compared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ViroSeq™ HIV-1 Genotyping System.

RESULTSSubtype assignment for the 46 samples were as follows: 31 (67.4%) CRF01_AE, 14 (30.5%) subtype B and 1 (2.1%) subtype C. All 46 samples had viral load of ≥500 copies/mL, and were successfully amplified by the in-house primer sets. Compared to the ViroSeq™ test, our in-house assay showed drug-resistance conferring codon concordance of 99.9% at PR and 98.9% at RT, and partial concordance of 0.1% at PR and 1.1% at RT. No discordant result was observed.

CONCLUSIONThe assay successfully identified DRMs in both subtype AE and B, making it suitable for the efficient treatment monitoring in genetically diverse population. At less than half of the running cost compared to the ViroSeq™ assay, the broadly sensitive in-house assay could serve as a useful addition to the currently limited HIV genotyping assay options for resource-limited settings, thereby enhancing the DRM surveillance and monitoring in the region.

Anti-Retroviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Genes, pol ; genetics ; Genotyping Techniques ; methods ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods ; Singapore

Objective:To investigate the value of autoantibodies and serum levels of IgG4 and CA19-9 in the diagnosis of IgG4 associated cholangitis (IgG4-SC).Methods:Detect the serum IgG4 and CA19-9 of 41 clinical cases of IgG4-SC patients,162 clinical cases of non IgG4-SC patients and 40 healthy human serum samples by immunoassay and direct chemiluminescence methods, also detect the antinuclear antibodies (ANA),anti neutrophil antibody (ANCA),anti smooth muscle antibody (SMA) and anti mitochondrial antibody (AMA) of the above serum samples by indirect immunofluorescence and analyze the detection results.Results:①The positive rates of ANA,ANCA,SMA and AMA in patients with IgG4-SC were 41.46%,7.32%,0 and 2.44%.Among them,the positive rate of ANA was significantly different from that of the normal control group(P<0.01),and the positive rate of SMA and AMA was significantly different from that of non IgG4-SC group(P<0.01),and so as the positive rate of ANCA do with that of PSC group.②The number of serum IgG4 and CA19-9 increased samples were significantly compared with the normal control group (P<0.01);the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.979 and 0.646,respectively,and P<0.05.Conclusion:The high level of serum IgG4 and CA19-9 and autoantibody detection are of great accuracy and important clinical value in the differential diagnosis of IgG4-SC.

In order to differently diagnose avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes, the HA gene of AIV H9 subtype was cloned, expressed and utilized in an enzyme-linked immunoad sorbent assay (ELISA). HA gene (1683bp) of H9N2 AIV was amplified by RT-PCR from a strain of field isolated H9N2 AIV, and its identity was confirmed by sequencing. The HA gene was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-KG with its secretion signal sequence removed. The expressed HA-GST fusion protein in E. coli BL21 was characterized by SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis as a 90kD protein with immunogenicity. The fusion protein was present primarily in inclusion bodies and was purified via denaturation and renenaturation. The HA-GST fusion protein was used to establish an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies to H9 subtypes of AIV. The assay has 91.57% specificity to H9 AIV, 92.31% sensitivity and excellent reduplication. It could be used to differently detect antibodies to H9 AIV.
Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; virology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective: To construct a prognostic model for unsuccessful removal of nasogastric tube (NGT) was the aim of our study. Methods: This study examined patients with swallowing disorders receiving NGT feeding due to stroke or traumatic brain injury in a regional hospital. Clinical data was collected, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), level of activities of daily living (ADLs) dependence. Additionally, gather information regarding the enhancement in Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) levels and the increase in food types according to the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) after one month of swallowing training. A stepwise logistic regression analysis model was employed to predict NGT removal failure using these parameters. Results: Out of 203 patients, 53 patients (26.1%) had experienced a failed removal of NGT after six months of follow-up. The strongest predictors for failed removal were age over 60 years, underweight BMI, total dependence in ADLs, and ischemic stroke. The admission prediction model categorized patients into high, moderate, and low-risk groups for removal failure. The failure rate of NGT removal was high not only in the high-risk group but also in the moderate-risk groups when there was no improvement in FOIS levels and IDDSI food types. Conclusion Our predictive model categorizes patients with brain insults into risk groups for swallowing disorders, enabling advanced interventions such as percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for high-risk patients struggling with NGT removal, while follow-up assessments using FOIS and IDDSI aid in guiding rehabilitation decisions for those at moderate risk.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)on oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)-induced apoptosis in mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells).Methods The in vitro cultured mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells)were divided into:(1)control group and groups with different OGD treatment times(2,4,8,16 h),and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,and TDP-43 protein expression level was detected by Western blotting,which was used to determine the time point of OGD induction for the subsequent study;(2)control and OGD groups,flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis,JC-1 staining to detect mitochondrial membrane potential,chemiluminescence to detect adenosine triphosphate(ATP)relative content,microplate method to detect malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and WST-1 method to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD)content.Mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells)transfected with lentivirus were divided into:(1)negative control lentiviral intervention group(NC-shRNA),TDP-43 knockdown lentiviral intervention group(TDP-43-shRNA1,TDP-43-shRNA2,TDP-43-shRNA3),and Western blotting was used to detect the TDP-43 protein expression level,and the group with the highest lentiviral knockdown efficiency was selected as the TDP-43-shRNA for subsequent experiments;(2)NC-shRNA group,TDP-43-shRNA group,OGD+NC-shRNA group,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group,under normoxic and OGD conditions,flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate,MitoTracker staining to detect mitochondrial morphology,JC-1 staining to detect mitochondrial membrane potential,chemiluminescence to detect the relative content of ATP,flow cytometry to detect the fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species(ROS),microplate to detect the content of MDA,and WST-1 to detect the content of SOD.Results CCK-8 method showed that,with the prolongation of OGD time,the viability of mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells)gradually decreased;Western blotting assay showed that the expression level of TDP-43 protein gradually increased,and both of them showed a strong time-dependence.Compared with control group,mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells)viability was the lowest(P<0.05)and TDP-43 protein expression was the highest(P<0.05)at 16 h of OGD,accordingly,OGD 16 h was chosen as the induction time point for subsequent experiments.Compared with control group,the apoptosis rate,the fluorescence intensity ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential and the content of MDA increased,the relative content of ATP and SOD decreased in OGD group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).Western blotting detection showed that compared with NC-shRNA group,the TDP-43-shRNA2 group had the most obvious reduction in TDP-43 protein expression level(P<0.05)and the highest knockdown efficiency,so the TDP-43-shRNA2 group was selected for subsequent experiments.The results of flow cytometry showed that under normoxic conditions,there was no significant change in the apoptosis rate in TDP-43-shRNA group compared with NC-shRNA group(P>0.05);and under OGD conditions,the apoptosis rate in OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group reduced when compared with OGD+NC-shRNA group(P<0.05).MitoTracker staining results showed that the mitochondrial morphology of TDP-43-shRNA group was intact without significant changes compared with NC-shRNA group;the mitochondria of OGD+NC-shRNA group increased in number,most of which were fragmented and scattered in distribution;compared with OGD+NC-shRNA group,the mitochondrial morphology of OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group was restored.Under normoxic conditions,there were no significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential,relative ATP content,ROS fluorescence intensity,MDA content,and SOD content in TDP-43-shRNA group compared with NC-shRNA group(P>0.05);however,under OGD conditions,the ratio of fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial membrane potential of cells the fluorescence intensity of ROS,and the content of MDA decreased,and the relative content of ATP and the content of SOD increased in OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group compared with that of OGD+NC-shRNA group,and all of these differences was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion TDP-43 exacerbates OGD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis;therefore,knockdown of TDP-43 expression is expected to be a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic cardiomyopathy.