Objective To explore the effect of Lee Silverman voice treatment on the speech and life quality of Parkinson's disease patients.Methods A total of 98 patients with Parkinson's disease anddifferent degrees of speech disorder (Hoehn-Yahr clinical stages 1 to 3) were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,each of 49,according to a random number table.The control group was given routine speech therapy covering tongue and lip movement,rhythm,sound,volume,speed and respiratory control.The intervention group was provided with 12 weeks of Lee Silverman voice treatment aimed at abnormal voice and emphasizing pronunciation,4 times a week and 1 hour each time.During the treatment,all patients were required to practice once at home on treatment days and twice on days without treatment.The voice handicap index (VHI),the western aphasia battery (WAB),the speech function portion of UPDRS-Ⅲ and the speech articulation assesstnent were used to evaluate the 2 groups before and after the 12 weeks ofintervention.Results Beforethe intervention there was no significant differencebetween the two groups in any of the measurements.After the interventionsignificant improvement was ohserved in all of these indicesin bothgroups.After treatment the average total VHI score of the intervention group (60.39±9.84) had improved significantly more than that of the control group,as did the WAB score for spontaneous speech (14.64±1.98),listening comprehension (112.67± 19.43),repeating (65.31±7.98),Name (39.89±9.84) and the average AQ scores (69.19±10.78) and UPDRS-scores [(1.39±0.61)] [of the intervention group than the control group [(71.03±11.01),(13.67±1.06),(111.53±29.61),(63.75±7.41),(37.89± 9.29),(62.14±10.21) and (1.82±0.82)].After the intervention,the average speech articulation scores of the intervention and control group were (77.61± 11.72) and (59.67± 10.04),significantly higher than those before the intervention [(54.36±10.71) and (53.98±9.92)],with the improveinent of the intervention group significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion Lee Silverman voice treatment can effectively improve the speech and life quality of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective To evaluate the sunscreen application and the level of photoprotective knowledge in both dermatologists and photosensitive patients. Methods The style, sites and amount of the sunscreen applied were examined by 0. 05 % dipyridamole cream in 39 dermatologists and 41 photosensitive patients with Wood's light. The participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire about the photoprotective knowledge. Results Frequent mistakes made by participants in this study were as follow: (1) using an inadequate amount of sunscreen; (2) putting sunscreen in the palm of the hand and rubbing the hands together before application; (3) lacking a systematic approach to sunscreen application. The median quantity of individual sites ranged from 0. 5 mg/cm2 to 1 mg/cm2 except for the forehead of the female dermatologist that had a median thickness of 1. 5 mg/cm2. The questionnaire survey showed that dermatologists also had less knowledge on sun protection even though better than photosensitive patients. Conclusions Dermatologists and photosensitive patients always fail to apply sunscreen in some prominently exposed sites and to paint the average thickness of sunscreen used far less than that of experimentally measured dose (2 mg/cm2). Continuing education and training about pho-toprotection for dermatologists should be carried out to provide better education for the patients on sun protection.

Objective To analyze the correlation between polymorphisms at position 4 and 14 in exon 2 of the p73 gene and susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 83 patients with condyloma acuminatum and 11 patients with bowenoid papulosis,and blood samples from all the patients as well as 150 health checkup examinees with high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) at STD clinics (negative control group).PCR was performed to detect HPV DNA in lesional tissue specimens,followed by direct sequencing and nucleotide alignment using the BLAST program for the determination of HPV genotypes.To assess polymorphisms at position 4 and 14 in exon 2 of the p73 gene,DNA was extracted from all the blood samples,and the p73 gene was amplified by PCR with the primer shP73 followed by gene sequencing.The association between the polymorphisms and susceptibility to HPV infection was analyzed.Results Of the 83 tissue specimens from patients with condyloma acuminatum,42.2％ (35/83) were positive for HPV 6,and 41.0％ (34/83) for HPV 11.Among the 11 tisssue specimens from bowenoid papulosis lesions,5 were positive for HPV 16,and 3 for HPV 6.The p73 gene was successfully amplified and sequenced from all the patients with condyloma acuminatum or bowenoid papulosis as well as from 132 out of 150 health checkup examinees.There were three genotypes at position 4 and 14 in exon 2 of the p73 gene,including A4T14/G4C14,A4T14/A4T14,G4C14/G4C14,of which,A4T14/A4T14 was associated with a higher risk for condyloma acuminatum (OR 4.89,95％ CI 1.50-15.91) as well as bowenoid papulosis (OR 7.11,95％ CI 1.144-44.20),and G4C14/G4C14 with a lower risk for bowenoid papulosis (OR 0.16,95％ CI0.04-0.65),in patients with HPV infection.Conclusions The A4T14 allele in exon 2 of the p73 gene increases the risk for bowenoid papulosis and condyloma acuminatum,but no significant correlation is found between the susceptibility to high-or low-risk HPV infection and polymorphisms at the two positions in the p73 gene.

Objective To analyze the mental health status among Chinese officials for providing the evidence for mental health promotion.Methods Meta -analysis was used.The data were extracted from 1 995 to 201 2 published papers on the mental health of Chinese officials.And the results was compared with the norm established in 2006.Results The scores of SCL -90 scale among the police officials were significantly higher than that of the norm(P <0.05)and the effect fell in the middle effect scope of Cohen(0.2 0.05 ).Conclusion The meta -analysis demonstrates that the mental health of Chinese officials is not optimistic.More attention should be paid to promote the officials'mental health.

Taking α-asarone as model drug, mono methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid copolymer (mPEG-PLA) as the drug carrier material to prepare drug-loading nanoparticles by premix membrane emulsification for nasal administration. The prepared nanoparticles were spherical with smooth surface and average particle size of 360 nm. Polydispersity index (PDI) was 0. 030, average drug loading of (11.5 ± 0.045) % (n = 3), and the encapsulation efficiency of (86.34 ± 0.11) % (n = 3). X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that, α-asarone existed in mPEG-PLA carrier in amorphous or molecular state, different from simple physical mixture. In the in vitro release test in simulated human nasal cavity, α-asarone apis can be released quickly at close to 94% at 102 h, in line with the first-order kinetics (R² = 0.981 9). mPEG-PLA drug-loading nanoparticles release only 54%, with slow release effect, in line with Riger-Peppas model (R² = 0.967 9, n = 0.630 2), for non-fick diffusion, released by the spread of drugs and skeleton dissolution dual control. This provided the foundation for nasal drug delivery in vivo pharmacokinetic study.
Administration, Intranasal ; Anisoles ; chemistry ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Solubility ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To review the surgical methods and mid-term results of mitral valve repair in pediatric patients with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (MR).Methods 132 children with moderate to severe MR,aged (18.9 ± 7.2)months,weighted(11.3 ±4.8) kg.The etiology for mitral regurgitation is congenital heart disease in 126 cases,infective endocarditis in 5 cases and Marfan syndrome in 1 case.Mitral valvuloplasty(MVP) was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass under moderate systemic hypothermia.The methods of MVP included annuloplasty,annuloplasty ring,cleft closure,reconstruction of posterior leaflet.The coucomitant cardiac anomalies were treated at the same time.The results of repair were evaluated by saline injection test and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during operation.Results Intra-operative TEE results: 131 cases had none to mild MR,and only one case had moderate MR.The patient underwent second repair immediately,subsequent TEE was mild.Mean cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was (80.0 ± 31.1) minutes.Mean aortic clump time was (48.0 ± 17.9) minutes.The in-hospital mortality was 2.3％ (3 cases died).One died of heart failure on postoperative day 7,the other died of low cardiac output syndrome resulting on postoperative day 2.Another one was large ventricular septal defect(VSD) with pulmonary hypertension (PH),died of pulmonary infection.Mean postoperative ventilation time was (34.4 ± 31.9) hours,and mean postoperative inhosptial time was (9.0 ± 5.4) days.The average follow-up period was (40.5 ± 8.3) months (2 to 74 months).122 cases were fully followed up.Echocardiography showed that moderate MR was in 7 patients,and 3 patients had severe MR.4 patients underwent re-do mitral valve repair or mitral valve replacement.There was no late death.The overall survival rate at 5 years was 97.7％ and the overall freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 92.0％.Conclusion Pediatric patients with moderate to severe MR need early surgical treatment,the early and mid-term results were satisfactory.Individualized treatment protocol based on specific pathology was the keypoint of surgical therapy.

AIM:To investigate the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer(EMMPRIN)and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)in non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC)and their relationship with lymphoid metastasis and prognosis.METHODS:Expression of EMMPRIN and HGF in 77 cases of patients with NSCLC was detected immunohistochemically.The relationship of expression of EMMPRIN and HGF with tumor size,smoking,histological type,differentiation,lymphoid metastasis,clinical stage,and prognosis was analyzed.RESULTS:The expressive rates of EMMPRIN and HGF were 68% and 44%,respectively.The expressions of EMMPRIN and HGF were associated positively with lymphoid metastasis(r=0.371 and 0.339,P0.05).The expression of EMMPRIN was associated with the expression of HGF in NSCLC.CONCLUSION:The expression of EMMPRIN and HGF is associated with lymphoid metastasis and prognosis in NSCLC.Overexpression of EMMPRIN and HGF implies infavourable prognosis in NSCLC.

In order to find highly active antidiabetic lead compound, sixteen 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized directly through Mannich reaction in the solution of ethanol at 15-35 degrees C with facile method, mild reaction condition and high yield (45%-90%). Fifteen of them are new compounds. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, ESI-MS and HR-MS. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of these compounds indicated that most of these compounds possess the activity with the order: 2c > 2b > 2h > 1a > 1f. The structure-activity relationship of these 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives was also discussed.
4-Aminobenzoic Acid ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Mannich Bases ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism ; para-Aminobenzoates

Objective:To understand the molecular pat hophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer.Methods: We studied novel gene expression by cDNA microarray method. The PCR pro ducts of 4 096 genes and 12 800 gene were spotted onto a kind of chemical-mater ial-coated-glass slide in array. Both the mRNAs from 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor4096 and BioDoor12800 cDNA microarray were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. Tumor invasion-related gene expression w as screened through the analysis of difference in gene expression profile.Results:Among 4 096 and 12 800 target genes, there were 15 genes who se expression level differed from normal and carcinoma tissues. Therefore, they might be associated with metastasis.Conclusion:Further analysis of these differentially expressed metastasis-associated genes will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo compare the singing formant differences between successful opera actors and non-successful opera actors during their adolescence period, and to compare the same index between adolescence and adult period of successful actors.

METHODSFrom 1985 to 1986, the author had 21 adolescent actors' voice recorded, all of them were from Beijing KunQu opera troupe. In 2000, all the 21 subjects had their voice recorded and singing formant (Fs) analyzed by using computer and sound spectrograph, 7 of them had become adult actors, others quitted their actors career after adolescents period.

RESULTSuccessful actors have obvious Fs, and stronger acoustic energy; successful actors had weaker Fs value during adolescence period than during adult period (t = 2. 9600, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFs's presence and its acoustic energy were important to evaluate adolescent actors future locality potential.