This paper aims to develop a method for the determination of aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion and study the pharmacokinetic properties of four anthraquinones in rat plasma after oral administration of gardenia and rhubarb decoction. The plasma concentrations at different time points of four anthraquinones were determined by HPLC-FLD method. Plasma samples were extracted with liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Plasma samples were separated on a C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 μm), using 0.2% acetic acid and methanol as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) with gradient elution. The excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 430, 525 nm, respectively. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed four anthraquinones can be absorbed. The main parameters of aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion were as follows: C(max) for aloe-emodin was (0.085 ± 0.058), (3.772 ± 1.152), (0.464 ± 0.267), (0.028 ± 0.008) mg x L(-1) respectively; t(max) for rhein was (1.042 ± 0.510), (0.805 ± 0.307), (1.167 ± 0.283), (0.616 ± 0.162) h respectively; t½ for chrysophanol was (3.557 ± 1.250), (6.879 ± 1.126), (5.196 ± 2.032), (4.337 ± 1.816) h; AUC(0-t) for physcion was (0.504 ± 0.130), (9.558 ± 1.106), (2.545 ± 1.554), (0.052 ± 0.018) mg x h x L(-1). This paper developed a selective, accurate and sensitive HPLC-FLD method for the simultaneous determination of four anthraquiones in rat plasma.
Animals ; Anthraquinones ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective Hepatitis C virus patients are often accompanied by insulin resistance and diabetes.To probe the relative factors of abnormal glycometabolism in chronic HCV infections.Methods A total of 1 039 treatment-naive patients that were confirmed chronic HCV infected were enrolled in the study.The demographics,biochemical index parameters and other data about liver function and HCV viral load were got from infectious disease department of Jurong Pepole's Hospital in China.Results A total of 140 (13.5％) patients were diagnosed with some forms of abnormal glycometabolism.The body mass index (BMI) (x2 =9.231,P =0.010),waist circumference (x2 =7.984,P =0.018),systolic blood pressure (x2 =16.366,P ＜0.001),diastolic blood pressure (x2 =13.970,P =0.001),alanine aminotransferase(ALT) (x2 =4.809,P =0.028),HCV-RNA viral load (t =-3.818,P ＜0.001) were significantly different between non-diabetic HCV patients and abnormal glycometabolism patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ALT(OR =2.986,95％ CI:1.171-7.615) and HCV-RNA viral load (OR =2.061,95％ CI:1.165-3.644) were found as risk factors in multivariate regression analysis for patients with chronic hepatitis C who had abnormal glucose metabolism.Conclusions Chronic hepatitis C patients with higher ALT and HCV-RNA level were more probably to suffer from abnormal glycometabolism.In order to find potentially novel risk factors of HCV with abnormal glucose metabolisn,further studies about genetic and other clinical factors need to be processed.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the adverse drug reaction(ADR) induced by Antongding and its safety in use.METHODS:According to the organ/system type recommended by WHO,34 cases with ADRs induced by Antongding were classified.The ADRs in this series were analysed concerning clinical manifestations,severity of symptoms and inducing mechanism and the safety of use of Antongding was discussed.RESULTS:8 organs/systems were involved in 34 cases with ADRs,of them,18 cases had moderate and severe ADRs(52.94%).In vitro experiments showed that Antongding could inhibit CFU-GM in man.CONCLUSION:Antongding is apt to induce ADRs,so it has potential risk in use.

BACKGROUND:Many scholars have developed a variety of dynamic elastic spine fixator. After biomechanical research, animal experiments and clinical application found that no one elastic spine fixator was general y recognized clinical y. OBJECTIVE:To compare the stress difference between“X”-shaped spine dynamic fixation and traditional pedicle screw fixation. METHODS:Three-dimensional finite element models of“X”-shaped spine dynamic fixation and traditional pedicle screw fixation were established according to adult spine imaging data. Mechanical differences in vertical compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The stress at vertical compression was lower than that at flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation in both groups. The stress at“X”-shaped spine dynamic fixation mainly focused on“X”-shaped connecting rod, but the stress of traditional pedicle screw fixation mainly focused on conjunction of screw-rod. Moreover, the stress of the screw of“X”-shaped spine dynamic fixation was significantly less than that of traditional pedicle screw fixation (P<0.001). These results suggest that“X”-shaped spine dynamic fixation system can share stress of screws and reduce the postoperative stress concentration compared with traditional pedicle screw fixation.

Objective To study the characteristics and difference of speech rate in monologue and reading in normal adults .Methods Through the acquisition of spontaneous speech and reading from 30 normal adults ,the syl‐lables per minute (SPM ) and the words per minute (WPM )were separately calculated .The monologue materials in‐clude ten topics :self introduction hobby ,hometown and so on;the reading material was the stars in the sky written by Ba Jin .We also analyzed whether there was a significant difference in genders and types of expression for speech rates .Results With the expression of monologue :SPM (male)=226 .13 ± 25 .97 ,SPM (female)=198 .73 ± 40 .With the expression of reading :SPM (male)= 208 .93 .13 ± 29 .35 ,SPM (female)= 220 .53 .± 26 .52 ,WPM (male)=104 .67 ± 13 .43 ,WPM (female)=111 .80 ± 12 .73 .Pearson correlation coefficient of SPM and WPM had reached 0 .926(r=0 .926) in the spontaneous speech and 0 .969 (r=0 .969) in reading .There were no significant differences in both genders (P=0 .42) and types of expression(P=0 .72) .The interaction effect of genders and types of ex‐pression was significant (P=0 .006) .For females ,the rate of reading was significantly higher than monologue (P=0 .025);for monologue ,there was a significant difference between males and females(P=0 .035) .The male was higher than the female in the speed of monologue .Conclusion The statistics revealed a high correlation between SPM and WPM .Genders and types of expression did not play an important role on the speech rate .The interactioneffect of gender and type of expression was significantly high (P=0 .006) .

Objective:To study the effects of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB(rhPDGF-BB)combined with recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 (rhTGF-β1 )on the expression of FAK mRNA of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone on the pressure side of orthodontic teeth in rats.Methods:Orthodontic tooth movement model was established in 160 male SD rats.The rats in experimental group were treated by injection of 10 ng rhPDGF-BB and 5 ng rhTGF-β1 in the buccal submucosal area of the mo-lar every other day from day 1 afterburner,while those in control group received equivalent volumes of PBS.The rats were sacrificed at 1,4,7,10 and 14 days(n=16)after appliance placement.Specimens were collected.Osteoclasts in the alveolar bone on the pres-sure side of the orthodontic teeth were observed by TRAP staining,the FAK mRNA expression was quantified by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:rhPDGF-BB combined with rhTGF-β1 significantly promoted an increasing number of osteoclasts on the compressing side(P<0.05),increased the expression of FAK mRNA at day 4 and 7(P<0.05),then decresed it to the control level(P>0.05) at day 14.Conclusion:Combination of rhPDGF-BB and rhTGF-β1 can increase the number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone on compressing side,and promote FAK mRNA expression in osteoclasts.

Objective To investigate the effect of parecoxib on postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil-based anesthesia.Methods One hundred ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 21-64 yr,weighing 50-80 kg,undergoing elective laparoscopic operation,were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =20 each):parecoxib group (group P),small dose remifentanil group (group S),large dose remifentanil group (group L),small dose remifentanil + parecoxib group (group SP) and large dose remifentanil + parecoxib group (group LP).Parecoxib 40 mg was injected intravenously at 30 min before anesthesia in groups P,SP and LP.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam0.05 mg/kg,etomidate 0.2 mg/kg,cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg and remifentanil 1 μg/kg (fentanyl 4 μg/kg in group P).The patients was tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg.Anesthesia was maintained with infusion of remifentanil at 0.05 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (in groups S and SP) or at 0.3 μg· kg- 1· min- 1 (in groups L and LP) combined with inhalation of sevoflurane and infusion of cisatracurium at 0.12 mg·kg-1·h-1.At 30 min after operation,numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to assess the degree of pain at rest and during activity.Tramadol 1.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously after operation if needed.NRS scores were maintained ≤5.The use of tramadol and adverse effects during 24 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group P,NRS scores at rest and during activity were significantly increased at 30 min after operation in groups S and L,the incidence of shivering and the number of patients who needed tramadol were significantly increased in group L,and no change was found in NPS scores at rest and during activity at 30 min after operation,the incidence of adverse effects and the number of patients who needed tramadol in groups SP and LP.Compared with group S,NRS scores at rest and during activity at 30 min after operation,the incidence of shivering and the number of patients who needed tramadol were significantly increased in group L,NRS scores at rest and during activity at 30 min after operation were significantly decreased and no change was found in the incidence of adverse effects and the number of patients who needed tramadol in group SP.Compared with group L,NRS scores at rest and during activity at 30 min after operation,the incidence of shivering and the number of patients who needed tramadol were significantly decreased in group LP.Conclusion Intravenous injection of parecoxib 40 mg at 30 min before anesthesia can attenuate postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil-based anesthesia.

Objective To evaluate the screening effect of osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) in middle aged and elderly healthy men in Chengdu.Methods A total of 4042 healthy men aged 40 to 106 years received dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assay,and OSTA index evaluation.Measurement sites included lumbar spine (L1-4),left femoral neck,trochanter,Ward's area,total hip and femoral shaft.All persons were classified into highosteoporosis-group (OSTA≤-4),mediumosteoporosis-group (-4 ＜ OSTA≤≤-1),low osteoporosis-group (OSTA＞-1),or the low risk-group (OSTA＞-1) and high risk-group (OSTA≤-1) by OSTA scores.T-scores were compared between different measurement sites detected by DXA.The sensitivity,specificity,Kappa value and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of OSTA in screening osteoporosis were evaluated.Results The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in lumbar spine,proximal femur were gradually increased along with aging.The detection rate of osteoporosis in lumbar spine and proximal femur were 16.2％ and 24.0％ respectively in subjects aged over 80 years.OSTA index in low-risk,medium-risk group,high-risk group were 85.0％,11.0％,4.0％ respectively.The detection rate of osteoporosis in lumbar spine and proximal femur were 2.6％ and 1.6％ in low-risk group,10.4％ and 10.4％ in medium-risk group,and 29.3％ and 30.5％ in high-risk group,respectively.Taking OSTA ≤-1 as the cut-off value,the sensitivity and specificity of OSTA in screening osteoporosis in lumbar spine and femur by T-score＜-1 were 28.1％,28.7 ％,89.0％ and 92.4％ respectively,and by T-score≤-2.5 were 51.6％,63.2％,86.7％ and 86.8％ respectively.The consistency of diagnosis result between T-score and OSTA index according to the three versus two risk levels was 0.153 and 0.197 versus 0.195 and 0.243 Kappa value,respectively.The AUC of OSTA index for lumbar spine and femur by T-score＜-1 and T-score≤-2.5 were 0.689 and 0.823,and for different age groups and different measurement sites were 0.639 and 0.899 (all P＜0.001).Conclusions OSTA index has a certain ability in screening osteoporosis in men aged over 50 years.There are different screening results on osteoporosis among the different age groups.

Objective To study the effects of DHPs calcium antagonist Mn9202 and lacidipine on 5-HT、TH and 5-HTR of rat stomach fundus smooth muscle cells. Methods It's effects was investigated by using immunocytochemistry and image analysis of stom- ach fundus smooth muscle cells in culture and compared with cyprohetadine(antagonist of 5-HT). Results 5-HT、TH and 5-HTR im- munoreactive substances were existed in SFSMC. The results of image analysis indicated that the content of 5-HT. TH and 5-HTR were significantly lower when using Mn9202.lacidipine and cyprohetadine. Conclusion The results suggest that the rat stomach fundus smooth muscle cells possess 5-HT autocrine function, and DHPs calcium antagonist reduce the number of 5-HT receptor in the rat stomach fundus smooth muscle cells though the reduction of 5-HT sythesis, this results conform with cyprohetadine (antagonist of 5 - HT).

The regulation mechanism of arecoline on rat hepatic CYP2E1 was studied in vivo. After oral administration of arecoline hydrobromide (AH; 4, 20 and 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) to rats for one week, the hepatic CYP2E1 mRNA level remained unchanged, but the hepatic CYP2E1 protein content was dose-dependently increased. Additionally, although the hepatic CYP2E1 activity was induced by AH treatment, the induction was attenuated with the increase in dosage. The results indicate that the effect of arecoline on rat hepaticdoes not involve transcriptional activation of the gene, but largely involves the stabilization of CYP2E1 protein against degradation or increased efficiency of CYP2E1 mRNA translation, and additionally involve the post- ranslational modification of CYP2E1 protein. Furthermore, the CYP2E1 response is fairly equal among the different species, the induction of rat hepatic CYP2E1 by arecoline suggests that there is a risk of metabolic interaction among the substrate drugs of CYP2E1 in betel-quid use human.
Animals ; Arecoline ; pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Inducers ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats