Objective To reduce the feasibility of combining the two fall assessment scales in nursing patients..Methods Two nurses were assigned to conduct the assessments among 60 senile patients using Morse assessment scale and Hendrich Ⅱassessment scale to screen patients with high-risk fall.Result The number of high-risk patients using Morse assessment scale was larger than that using Hendrich II assessment scale(P<0?05) Conclusions The combined use of Morse fall assessment scale and HendrichⅡfall assessment scale may make up the shortcomings of each other,assess the risk factors and predict the high risk factors.

Chronic active Epstein - Barr virus infection(CAEBV) is an uncommon outcome of EBV infection and may present as severe of fulminant syndrome with high- mortality. It is characterized by chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms persisting over a long time and by an unusual pattern of anti-EBV antibodies. Although it occurs in immunocompetent individuals, a number of subtle immunologic defects have been reported in patients with CAEBV. Up to now, there are still no diagnostic criteria of CAEBV in China,so the author introduce it with respect to its diagnosis,history,pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches.

Objective To establish an external calibration method of atomic absorption spectrometry-graphite furnace for determination of heavy metals Pb,Cd,Sb in tetracaine hydrochloride injection.Methods Microwave digestion for the pretreatment method was used,three kinds of heavy metal elements were determined by graphite atomic absorption spectrometry-graphite furnace Results The linear ranges of Pb,Cd,Sb were 0-80.0 ng/mL,0-2.0 ng/mL,0-40.0 ng/mL,therecovies were 92.7%-105.7%,95.8%-103.4%,92.1%-103.5%,respetively.The relative standard deviationless than 6.0%(n=9).Conclusion The method is simple and accurate,which can be used for the control of Pb,Cd,Sb in tetracaine hydrochloride injection.

BACKGROUND: Biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the main reasons for the injury bile duct following liver transplantation, liver resection and hepatic artery thrombosis after chemotherapy. However, nothing has been decided yet concerning liver can tolerate long intrahepatic bile ducts ischemia under normal temperature. OBJECTIVE: To use the rabbit biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury, model, analyze the rabbit intrahepatic bile ducts ischemia security time. METHODS: Rabbits were randomly divided into sham operation, hepatic artery and common bile duct joint blocking 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 h groups. Sham operation group only free common bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein. Hepatic artery and common bile duct joint blocking 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 h groups, left and right hepatic duct openings superior margin was clamped using artery clamps, and hepatic artery, common bile duct and loose connective tissue were occluded. Following 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 hours, artery clamps were removed to recover hepatic artery or biliary tract blood flow. After a week, animal survival was calculated and liver function was tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: None animals in the sham operation and hepatic artery and common bile duct joint blocking 1.5 hour groups died;survival rate was 87.5% following 2 hours of blocking. Animal survival rate was decreased gradually with prolonged blocking time of blood flow. These indicated that the maximum safety time of blocking biliary duct blood flow was 2 hours. Pathological and histological changes were mild within 2 hours of blocking, mainly presenting cell edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, and necrotic focus was punctiform or fragmentis, reversible. While ischemia above 2 hours, bile duct epithelial necrotic shape was significant. The obvious, hepatic necrosis was multifocal, flake, irreversible damage. Histological change also confirmed that 2 hours may be maximum security limitation of rabbit tolerance intrahepatic bile duct flow blocking under normal temperature.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) plays an important role in biological development and disease occurrence and development, and acts as a "main switch" in biology. Among patients of essential hypertension, around 1/3 would suffer left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Hence, essential hypertension becomes an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. And miRNAs plays an important role in the occurrence and development of LVH. This paper reviewed the role of miRNA in regulating the stress signaling pathway, defined its impact on the occurrence of LVH, and further emphasized the opportunities and challenges of miRNA as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
Essential Hypertension ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; genetics ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; complications ; genetics ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Signal Transduction ; genetics

In view of the current situation of the teaching of diagnostics, this paper analyzes the ex-isting problems and deficiencies , and puts forward the teaching reform of the National Medical College Students' clinical skills competition. Through the construction of experimental teaching demonstration center of clinical skills, we set up theclinical skills associationamong the students, boldly try innovative training, strengthen humanistic education and take other measures to improve the quality of clinical practice teaching of diagnostics, so as to achieve the purpose of the competition focusing on promote teaching, learning and using by competition.

AIMTo study the protective effect of sodium oxybate (SO) against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and the relationship between the effects of SO and ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA). METHODSThe reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)model in rats was established to investigate the role of SO. The scores of neurological deficits was detected by Longa EZ method in MCAO rats. The extracellular levels of glutamate (Glu) and GABA in CSF were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorometer (HPLC-FR) method, and the weight of cerebral infraction was detected. RESULTSThe scores of neurological deficits and the weight of cerebral infraction markedly decreased by SO while the ratio of GABA/Glu obviously increased administered SO in MCAO rats. CONCLUSIONSSO could prevent MCAO rats from ischemia-reperfusion injury, the protective effect is related to SO keeping dynamic balance of excition-inhibition, and persisting inhibition-depended effect.

With the use of high pure HF and HNO3 reagents, and autoclaves made of high purity Rerfluoroalkoxy ( PFA ) material, a solution sample digestion technique effective for phosphate samples, subjected to high temperature fusion, was established. The whole procedure was concise, fast and of low blank value. Key factors such as the amount and ratios of the reagents, the digestion temperature and time, were systematically optimized, it was found that within 0. 5 h at 150 ℃, only 1. 7 mL of total reagent consumption could lead to a complete sample decomposition. Most importantly, the samples were not required to be ground to fine powder, which greatly reduced the risk of contamination. In addition, an effective liquid_liquid extraction procedure based on 5_nonylsalicylaldehyde oxime as the extractant was established for matrix separation and analyte preconcentration. Under the optimal extraction conditions of 5 mL of 15% extractant, 0. 5% HNO3 of extraction acidity and 20% HNO3 of back_extraction acidity, a matrix separation efficiency of over 99. 999% could be realized and a preconctration factor of 10 could be obtained, which resulted in complete elimination of the matrix_induced interference and great enhancement of the analytical sensitivity. After optimization of the operation parameters of ICP_MS, high signal to background detection of Cu in 20%HNO3 at 840 W of plasma power and low sample uptake rate were realized. The detection limits of 2. 5 ng/g, RSD of 3. 3% for six detections of parallel samples, and the recovery of 94. 3% for spike test were obtained, respectively. The method was finally applied to three real samples analysis, and the results agreed well with the data from laser adsorption loss experiment.

AnewmethodwasdevelopedforfastdeterminationofAlresidueinpolyetherketoneketone ( PEKK) special polymer material by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry ( GF-AAS) . Instead of high temperature ashing, sample was dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid and diluted by tetrahydrofuran, then was directly analyzed by GF-AAS. Systematical investigation was made on sample preparation, it was found that for 0. 2 g of sample weight, a clear sample solution could be obtained by heating at 220 ℃ with 2 mL of concentrated H2 SO4 for 4 min, and the obtained solution was ready for the subsequent mixing with tetrahydrofuran for sample dilution or dispersion before analysis. Redesign of the GF-AAS temperature program was also made, on the basis of the recommended program a pre-ashing step was added, which greatly helped increasing the analytical precision when the temperature was set at 400 ℃ and the total time was set at 40 s. The detection limits ( 3σ) were 38. 5 ng/g, the RSD for six parallel determinations of real samples was 2. 2%, and the recoveries for spiked tests were 99%-105%, respectively. In comparison with the traditional high-temperature ashing technique, the established method was more concise, faster and less exposed to contamination during sample preparation.

BACKGROUND:COX-2 gene actual y exists in the joint fibroblast-like synoviocytes, it affects osteoarthritis occurrence and development. Understanding the differences of COX-2 gene expression levels at different stages of osteoarthritis synoviocytes has important theoretical significance for the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, as wel as the role of synoviocytes in this process.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the difference of COX-2 mRNA at different stages of osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
METHODS:Synovial membrane from 44 osteoarthritis patients and 12 normal cases were selected. Primary cells were cultured to passage 4 fibroblast-like synoviocytes for the use in the experiment. COX-2 mRNA expression in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes and normal fibroblast-like synoviocytes was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The relative quantitative analysis was performed using 2-ΔΔCt method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Expression of COX-2 mRNA in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes was significantly higher than that in normal fibroblast-like synoviocytes (P<0.05). The expression levels reached a peak at early osteoarthritis group, with significant differences compared with middle and late osteoarthritis groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between middle and later osteoarthritis groups (P>0.05). COX-2 mRNA might be important biological marker for the inflammation in osteoarthritis, and mainly plays a role in early osteoarthritis stage.