BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Cardiac electrical inhomogeneity may be the leading cause of the increased arrhythmic risk in patients with T2DM. The peak and the end of the T wave (Tp-e) interval and associated Tp-e/QT ratio are promising measures of ventricular repolarization indicating transmural dispersion of repolarization. The aim of this study was to assess ventricular repolarization in patients with T2DM by using Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/corrected QT interval (QTc) ratio. METHODS: Forty-three patients with T2DM and 43 healthy control subjects, matched by gender and age, were studied. All participants underwent electrocardiography (ECG) recording. PR, RR and QT intervals represents the ECG intervals. These are not abbreviations. In all literature these ECG intervals are written like in this text. Tp-e intervals were measured from 12-lead ECG. Rate QTc was calculated by using the Bazett's formula. Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were also calculated. RESULTS: Mean Tp-e interval was significantly prolonged in patients with T2DM compared to controls (79.4±10.3, 66.4±8.1 ms, respectively; P<0.001). We also found significantly higher values of Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with diabetes than controls (0.21±0.03, 0.17±0.02 and 0.19±0.02, 0.16±0.02, respectively; P<0.001). There was no difference in terms of the other ECG parameters between the groups. CONCLUSION: Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were prolonged in patients with T2DM. We concluded that T2DM leads to augmentation of transmural dispersion of repolarization suggesting increased risk for ventricular arrhythmogenesis.
Abbreviations ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Electrocardiography ; Humans

Objective: The aim of this case-controlled study is to evaluate chronic inflammation, subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: A total of 51 medication-free children and adolescents with ADHD and 51 healthy controls were included in this study. K-SADS-PL was used to determine the diagnosis of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders. Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form and the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale-Revised Short Form severity of ADHD was used to evaluate severity of ADHD. In order to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis, common carotid intima media thickness (IMT), epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EAT), and periaortic adipose tissue thickness (PAT) were assessed as well as clinical parameters. Results: The IMT (0.037 ± 0.005 cm vs. 0.026 ± 0.003 cm), EAT (0.472 ± 0.076 cm vs. 0.355 ± 0.051 cm), and PAT (0.135 ± 0.016 cm vs. 0.118 ± 0.009 cm) measurements were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. Additionally, partial correlation analyses revealed that a positive correlation was observed between IMT and EAT, and PAT measurements separately. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, body mass index (BMI) positively predicted IMT. Also, age and BMI positively predicted the EAT levels of the subjects with ADHD. Conclusion Our results suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD have a risk for cardiovascular disease. For this reason, subclinical atherosclerosis should be taken into consideration in the follow-up and treatment of ADHD for cardiovascular disease risk.

This pictorial review aims to illustrate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and presentation patterns of anatomical variations and various benign and malignant pathologies of the duodenum, including sphincter contraction, major papilla variation, prominent papilla, diverticulum, annular pancreas, duplication cysts, choledochocele, duodenal wall thickening secondary to acute pancreatitis, postbulbar stenosis, celiac disease, fistula, choledochoduodenostomy, external compression, polyps, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, ampullary carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. MRI is a useful imaging tool for demonstrating duodenal pathology and its anatomic relationships with adjacent organs, which is critical for establishing correct diagnosis and planning appropriate treatment, especially for surgery.
Ampulla of Vater/anatomy & histology/radiography ; Choledochal Cyst/pathology/radiography ; Diverticulum/radiography ; Duodenal Diseases/pathology/*radiography ; Duodenum/*anatomy & histology/radiography ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pancreas/abnormalities/anatomy & histology/radiography ; Pancreatic Diseases/radiography

OBJECTIVESWe investigated whether exposure to biomass fuel is a potential risk factor for chronic bronchitis and asthma among females in rural area in Van (east Turkey).

METHODSThe effect of indoor pollution producing various respiratory symptoms was studied in 177 females. Of these, 90 were those who used biomass fuel and 87 were nonusers of biomass fuel. A part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey quastionnaire and British Medical Research Council questionnaire were used.

RESULTSAsthma related symptoms (AS) (wheezing, and combination of wheezing without a cold and wheezing with breathlessness) were reported in 63.3% of those who used biomass fuel, and in 12.9% of nonusers (p<0.0001). The use of asthma medication was reported as 3.3% of biomass fuel users, and in 2.7% of nonuser (p>0.05). Long term cough and/or morning cough together with sputum (chronic bronchitis symptoms (BS) was reported as 58.9% in the user group, and 29.4% in the nonuser group (p<0.0001). Significant differences in AS and BS were found between biomass fuel user and nonuser groups in the rural area.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study showed a significant association between symptoms of chronic bronchitis-asthma and biomass fuel usage in females living in a rural area.

PURPOSE: Metabolic syndrome and obesity have been advocated to be risk factors for the development of overactive bladder (OAB). Additionally, insulin resistance is the underlying mechanism of metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the association of insulin resistance with overactive bladder in female patients. METHODS: We prospectively conducted the study in our urology department. Female patients aged between 30 and 76 years old applied to our policlinics with or without OAB symptoms were enrolled. One hundred and twenty-two patients with OAB and 62 age-matched controls without OAB were included into the study. Fasting serum insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), and triglycerides levels were measured. Insulin resistance value was obtained via the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) calculator. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare differences in variables. RESULTS: Serum insulin level was found higher in female patients with OAB (11.5+/-6.2 microU/mL) relative to controls (6.4+/-2.1 microU/mL), statistically significant (P=0.036). In addition, HOMA-IR was significantly found higher in the OAB group, 2.86 (0.76 to 17.04) in comparison to controls, 1.32 (0.67 to 224), P=0.018. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-c) were significantly found lower in females with OAB. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance can be associated to overactive bladder and may play significant role in pathogenesis.
Aged ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipoproteins ; Obesity ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urology

PURPOSE: Intra-abdominal adhesions (IAA) are among the most frequently seen pathologies in general surgery practice with an increased morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we investigated the effect of locally applied mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on IAA. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into three groups including: Sham, control, and MSCs group. On day 0, cecum was reached under anesthesia in all groups, except the Sham group. Scraping with a sponge was performed until petechial bleeding occurred. The control group received no treatment. In the stem cell group, MSCs were applied topically immediately after surgery on adhesions. The rats were sacrificed on day 10 and colon tissues and blood samples were collected for macroscopic, histopathological, and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: In our study, E-selectin, P-selectin, TNF-α and IL-1 levels were statistically significantly lower in the MSC group than the control group, while the sham group has the lowest levels. In both the macroscopic and histopathological analyses (Zühlke's scale), the least amount of adhesion was observed in the Sham group. In addition, although there was less adhesion in the MSC group than the control group, the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Topical MSC application immediately after surgery suppresses the inflammatory process. However it was found to be ineffective in histopathological and macroscopic examinations performed on the 10th day.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Cecum ; Colon ; E-Selectin ; Hemorrhage ; Interleukin-1 ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Models, Animal ; Morphological and Microscopic Findings ; Mortality ; P-Selectin ; Pathology ; Porifera ; Rats ; Selectins ; Stem Cells

Objective: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a serious public health problem affecting both the individual and the society, and substance use-related deaths and disability have been shown to increase gradually. Recent etiologic studies have reported that there is a relation between inflammatory parameters and psychiatric disorders. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) used as an indicator of inflammation have been shown to be increased in various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the NLR and PLR in adolescents with SUD. Methods: This study was conducted by retrospectively examining the records of 55 male adolescents who were followed up with SUD in a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic between November 2019−June 2020. Patients who had comorbid psychiatric disorder were included, and those who received any psychotropic medication were excluded. A total of 61 healthy male adolescents in the same age range without any psychiatric disorders were recruited as a control group. Neutrophil-lymphocyte-platelet counts were noted retrospectively from complete blood tests, and NLR-PLR were calculated. Results: The NLR and PLR of adolescents with SUD were significantly higher than the healthy adolescents (p ＜ 0.01, p ＜ 0.01, respectively). In addition, conduct disorder, depression, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which were determined as the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders had no effects on NLR (p = 0.513, p = 0.584, p = 0.394, respectively) and PLR (p = 0.210, p = 0.346, p = 0.359, respectively). Conclusion The results of current study indicate that inflammatory processes may have a key role in the pathophysiology of SUD.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship of anthropometric and metabolic risk factors with seminal and sex steroidal hormone parameters in a screened population of healthy males. Methods: The participants were healthy young men without chronic or congenital diseases. The body composition parameters that we investigated were measured weight, height, and waist circumference (WC), as well as bioelectrical impedance analysis. Semen samples were analyzed for semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility and morphology, seminal pH, and liquefaction time. Biochemistry analysis, including glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, was conducted on fasting blood samples. Testicular volume was calculated separately for each testis using ultrasonography. Results: Body mass index exhibited an inverse association with total sperm count. WC showed negative correlations with numerous seminal parameters, including sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm morphology, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. The basal metabolic rate was associated with seminal pH, liquefaction time, and sperm motility. WC, fat mass percentage, and triglyceride levels exhibited negative correlations with sex hormone binding globulin. The measures of glucose metabolism were associated with a greater number of seminal parameters than the measures of cholesterol metabolism. C-reactive protein levels were inversely associated with sperm concentration and total sperm count. Conclusion Anthropometric and metabolic risk factors were found to predict semen quality and alterations in sex steroidal hormone levels.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has been reported that proton pump inhibitors induce relaxation in different types of smooth muscles. The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro effects of proton pump inhibitors on human pylorus muscle. METHODS: Pyloric sphincters were studied in 10 patients who were operated for stomach cancer. In isolated organ bath, control and response to rabeprazole were recorded following contraction with carbachol. During the treatment experiment, while distilled water was applied during the control experiment in every 5 minutes, rabeprazole was administered in every 5 minutes at doses of 10-6, 10-5, 10-4, and 10-3 M respectively. Contraction frequencies, maximum contraction values and muscle tones were measured. RESULTS: The contraction frequencies in the control group were greater than the rabeprazole group in the second, third and fourth intervals while the maximum contraction values in the rabeprazole group were lower in the fourth interval. Even though muscles tones were not different in both groups during all intervals, it was remarkable that the muscle tone was significantly decreased in the rabeprazole group during the fourth interval compared to the first and second intervals. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, high doses of rabeprazole reduced contraction frequencies, maximum contraction values, and muscle tone of human pylorus.
Baths ; Carbachol ; Humans ; Muscle Tonus ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscles ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Pylorus* ; Rabeprazole* ; Relaxation ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Water

OBJECTIVE: Findings about inflammatory processes in schizophrenia are increasing day by day. Inflammatory processes in schizophrenia are associated with both its etiology and clinical symptoms. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is also one of these inflammatory processes. Particularly, it is thought to be closely related to clinical findings of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: In this study, the relationship between clinical findings of hsCRP levels of patients with drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) and patients with schizophrenia in acute exacerbation phase is investigated. Clinical findings, psychometric properties (the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), and hsCRP levels of patients were compared. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients with FEP, 74 patients with schizophrenia in acute exacerbation phase and 54 healthy controlled volunteers are included in the study. The most substantial finding in the study is that there is a positive correlation between hsCRP levels and severity of positive symptoms of both patient groups, with FEP and with schizophrenia. The second most substantial finding is there is no significant difference between patients with FEP and schizophrenia, in terms of hsCRP. CONCLUSION: The relationship between hsCRP and positive symptom severity in two groups of patients supports the inflammatory hypothesis in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. This finding is supportive of close relation between inflammatory processes and clinical findings of patient with schizophrenia.
C-Reactive Protein ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Psychometrics ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Volunteers