AIM:To report a rare case of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with iridocorneal angle metastasis.METHODS:A 28-year-old woman,a known case of sporadic MTC was referred to our hospital due to left eye mass involving iridiocorneal angle.Several months' later retinal evaluation revealed retinal involvement with some patches.RESULTS:After palliative laser photocoagulation ablation of the choroidal and angle lesions no signs of recurrence or any new lesion was detected.CONCLUSION:As we know this is the first report of MTC with iridocorneal angle metastasis in the literature.

We present here a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) occurring after blunt ocular trauma. This is a rare occurrence and has not been frequently reported in literature. It is important to consider this uncommon but visually catastrophic condition in the differential diagnosis of acute post-traumatic visual deterioration.

AIM: To review the characteristics, complications, and epidemiology of perforating eye injury treated at a referral eye centre in Tehran, over one year, ·METHODS: The medical records of 959 patients hospitalized in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, due to ocular trauma in 2002 were studied. Information recorded included demographic information (age, sex, and occupation), offending agent, type of trauma, initial visual acuity, location where trauma occurred, accompanying signs and symptoms, and types of treatment provided. ·RESULTS: Mean age of patients was (22.6±16.4) years with a peak age of 21-25 years in males and under 5 years in females. The ratio of male to female was 4.2:1.62.4% of patients had penetrating trauma, 33.9% had blunt trauma, and 3.7% had mixed or chemical trauma. Metallic agents were the most common cause of penetrating ocular trauma, while stone was the most common blunt counterpart. Foreign bodies were observed in 23.4% of cases. Cornea was the most com-mon site of rupture (46.7%). ·CONCLUSION: Based on this study, penetrating trauma is more common than blunt trauma. Younger individuals are more prone to ocular trauma. Cornea is the most common site of injury.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhoid is one of the most common surgical diseases occurring in the anorectal region. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ischiorectal fossa block on alleviating post hemorrhoidectomy pain. METHODS: In this study, 90 patients suffering from hemorrhoids were evaluated. They were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group had no block, the second group an ischiorectal block with placebo (normal saline), and the third group a preemptive ischiorectal block with bupivacaine. Postoperative variables such as pain intensity, pethidine consumption, nausea, and vomiting were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The postoperative pain score in group 1 was 8.5 +/- 1.3 and 8.1 +/- 0.9 (P = NS) in group 2. The post operative analgesic demand was 3.1 +/- 1.5 and 3.3 +/- 1.8 hours in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = NS). The post operative pain score and analgesic demand were 4.2 +/- 2.1 and 9.3 +/- 2.7 hours, respectively, in group 3 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive ischiorectal block reduces the posthemorrhoidectomy pain and opioid demand.
Bupivacaine ; Hemorrhoidectomy ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Stress, Psychological ; Vomiting

AIM: To evaluate the clinical success of living related conjunctival limbal and amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment of chemical injury induced limbal stem cell deficiency.METHODS: From July 2005 to December 2007, 10 eyes of 9 male patients with chemical injury induced limbal stem cell deficiency were included in the study. All subjects underwent living related conjunctival limbal and amniotic membrane transplantation. Blepharorrhaphy was performed in two cases. Systemic immunosuppression with cyclosporine and prednisolone was initiated.RESULTS: Complete corneal epithelialization was observed in 3 eyes (30%). In one of the patients immunologic rejection and corneal melting led to perforation 1.5 months after surgery. The increasing dose of systemic immunosuppression was used to control it. Three eyes were described as primary failure because graft could not re-epithelialize the corneal surface. The remained four eyes showed partial re-epithelialization, but failed to cover the entire corneal surface with epithelium. Best corrected visual acuity ranged from hand movement to counting finger at 1 meter before the surgery and after the surgery was light perception to 20/80. Five eyes had visual improvement without any additional procedure. Dry eye and persistent inflammation were known as main causes of failure.CONCLUSION: Living related conjunctival limbal allograft and amniotic membrane transplantation can be a good option in the management of limbal stem cell deficiency in selected cases in which tear production and control of ocular inflammation are adequate.

Objectives: This study investigated preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in a Kurdish Iranian sample. Methods: This online survey was conducted among the population aged 18 and above in Kermanshah Province, in western Iran, in April 2020. Samples were invited and recruited through social media. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (questions on demographic variables, risk perception, risk communication, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and analyzed using Stata ver. 8. Results: The Pearson correlation test showed that risk communication was significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r = 0.320, p < 0.01). In the final model, where the explanatory power increased with the entry of the risk communication variable, the variables explained a total of 14% of variance in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Sex (β = −0.482), risk perception (β = 0.047), and risk communication (β = 0.662) were significant determinants. Conclusion Risk communication and risk perception related to COVID-19, as well as being a woman, were determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.