No abstract available.
Lead Poisoning*

No abstract available.

College and university foodservice dietitians have to be competent for playing a role as the future food service executive as well as the present foodservice administrator in the promising foodservice industry field. The study conducted a survey to examine training needs corresponding to educational contents for the purpose of helping them acquire a new knowledge related to self-development and duty through educational training. The results of this study suggested that training needs were differed by general characteristics of dietitians, operational characteristics of food services, and training subjects. A future study should develop systematic training strategies for dietitians.
Administrative Personnel ; Food Services ; Humans ; Nutritionists*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to examine the need of community care services and the influencing factors of the need in the family care givers of hospital-based home care patients. METHODS: Data were collected from 256 family caregivers, who were recruited from 10 hospitals in a metropolitan city. A structured questionnaire on the characteristics of caregivers, resources, and patients was administered. Also, questions on the need of community care services were added. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of the need for community care services. RESULTS: The participant needed more transportation service, lease of health care devices, visiting bath, caring, visiting hair dressing than that of housekeeping, short-term care, and day care service. Various variables from the three factors were found to be influenced on the need of community care services. CONCLUSION: The accessibility of the higher need of community care services should be increased for hospital-based home care users. Also, the factors of Family care giver, Resource, and Patient might be considered to provide community care services of hospital-based home care users.
Bandages ; Baths ; Caregivers* ; Day Care, Medical ; Delivery of Health Care ; Hair ; Home Care Services ; Home Care Services, Hospital-Based* ; Housekeeping ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Transportation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the color stability, water sorption and cytotoxicity of thermoplastic acrylic resin for the non-metal clasp dentures to those of thermoplastic polyamide and conventional heat-polymerized denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of denture base resin, which are conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Paladent 20), thermoplastic polyamide resin (Bio Tone), thermoplastic acrylic resin (Acrytone) were used as materials for this study. One hundred five specimens were fabricated. For the color stability test, specimens were immersed in the coffee and green tee for 1 and 8 weeks. Color change was measured by spectrometer. Water sorption was tested after 1 and 8 weeks immersion in the water. For the test of cytotoxicity, cell viability assay was measured and cell attachment was analyzed by FE-SEM. RESULTS: All types of denture base resin showed color changes after 1 and 8 weeks immersion. However, there was no significant difference between denture base resins. All specimens showed significant color changes in the coffee than green tee. In water sorption test, thermoplastic acrylic resin showed lower values than conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin and thermoplastic polyamide resin. Three types of denture base showed low cytotoxicity in cell viability assay. Thermoplastic acrylic resin showed the similar cell attachment but more stable attachment than conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin. CONCLUSION: Thermoplastic acrylic resin for the non-metal clasp denture showed acceptable color stability, water sorption and cytotoxicity. To verify the long stability in the mouth, additional in vitro studies are needed.
Cell Survival ; Coffee ; Denture Bases ; Dentures* ; Immersion ; Mouth ; Nylons ; Water*

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; also known as von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis) is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, although it can also arise due to spontaneous mutation. Gastrointestinal involvement of NF1 is seen in 10% to 25% and causes symptoms in fewer than 5%. Histologically, the gastro intestinal (GI) manifestation of NF1 occurs in three forms: hyperplasia of the gut neural tissue, stromal tumors, and duodenal or periampullary endocrine tumors. A 31-year-old female, diagnosed with NF1, presented with poor oral intake and vomiting for 10 days prior to admission. Preoperative gastrofiberscopic finding was gastric outlet obstructing polypoid duodenal bulb lesion. The patient underwent hemigastrectomy with antecolic gastrojejunostomy due to gastric outlet obstruction. The final pathologic report was submucosal neurofibromatous proliferation with Brunner's gland hyperplasia located at the duodenal bulb in the NF1 patient. We report this case with a review of literatures.
Adult ; Female ; Gastric Bypass ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Vomiting

Airway hyperresponsiveness is a consistent feature of asthma. Since the airway smooth muscle is hyperresponsive to a number of different stimuli operating through many different mechanisms, it is attractive to speculate that the abnormality may reside in the airway smooth muscle itself. Animal model of asthma is needed to unravel possible mechanisms underlying airway hyperresponsiveness and also to develop new therapeutic approaches. However, there are few reports showing that airway smooth muscle from animal asthma model is indeed hyperresponsive. In addition, sensitizing and provoking doses of allergen were different each other ambng the studies on animal asthma model. The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate sensitizing and provoking dose of allergen to induce a maximum airway hyperresponsiveness. Eighty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were actively sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of 0, 10, or 1000/gg ovalbumin(OA) and 14 days later they were provoked with 0, 1, or 5 % OA aerosols. One day after the provocation, serum levels of OA-specific IgE, cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and in vitro isometric contractile responses of the isolated tracheal smooth muscle(TSM) to 120 mM KC1, acetylcholine(ACh, 0.1~ 1000/micro meter), electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.5~100Hz), serotonin(5-HT, 0.014 100/micro meter), and OA(10, 50, or 250 micro gram/ml) were measured. The results were as follows; 1) When 38 OA-sensitized rats were exposed to OA aerosols in vivo early asthmatic responses(EAR) were observed in 20(52.6%) rats. In vitro isometric contractile forces of TSM from rats with EAR were stronger than those from rats without EAR. 2) The maximal contractile responses to KC1 and EFS were significantly higher in rats only sensitized with OA compared with those in controls. The maximal response to ACh was significantly related to OA-specific serum IgE level(r=0.40, p%0.05), and the latter was in turn significantly related to the BALF eosinophil count(r=0.67, p<0.01). 3) When 10 microgram OA-sensitized rats were analyzed, the maximal response to KC1, ACh, EFS, and 250 micro gram/ml OA were lower in OA-provoked rats compared to those in saline-provoked control rats, in which 5% OA-provoked rats had a lower response than 1% OA-provoked rats. 4) The sensitivity of TSM to ACh was significantly higher in 10/micro gram OA-sensitized & OA-provoked rats, and the sensitivity to EFS was also significantly higher in 10/~g OA-sensitized & 5% OA-provoked rats compared to that in controls(p<0.05). 5) There was a significant correlation between the sensitivity of TSM to EFS and the counts of eosinophil or of lymphocytes in BALF(for eosinophil, r=-0.30; p<0.05, for lymphocyte, r=-0.35; p<0.05), or OA-specific serum IgE level(r=-0.46, p<0.01) in OA-sensitized & OA-provoked rats. This relationship was maintained in the data obtained only from 10 micro gram OA-sensitized & 5% OA-provoked rats. 6) The ratio of EFS-sensitivity to ACh-sensitivity was significantly lower in OA-sensitized & OA-provoked rats compared to that in controls or rats only sensitized with OA(p%0.05). 7) The Schultz-Dale phenomenon occurred in an in vitro dose-dependent manner. However, the inhaled provocation with OA in vivo resulted in a decrease in the contractile response to OA in vitro. There was a significant correlation between OA-specific serum IgE level and isometric response to 250 micro gram/ml OA(r=0.36, p<0.01). These results suggest that sensitization and provocation in vivo with OA in rats induces hypersensitivity of airway smooth muscle to cholinergic stimuli through an allergic inflammatory mechanism. The sensitivity was highest when sensitized to 10 micro gram OA and exposed to 5% OA aerosols.
Aerosols ; Animals ; Asthma* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cell Count ; Ear ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Dissecting aneurysm involves development of a hematoma in the media of aorta, which is usually contagious with the lumen of the aorta via a tear in the media. The high percentage of co-existing diseases such as other cardiovascular diseases in these patients accounts for much of the surgical morbidity and mortality. Complications in Dacron patch graft surgery for repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm include massive hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, paraplegia and renal failure. A 60 year-old, 59kg woman underwent Dacron patch graft surgery for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm, under the high thoracic epidural block supplemented with light general anesthesia(N2O-O2). During operation, systolic blood pressure of upper extremities ranging from 120 mmHg to 100 mmHg was maintained, while diastolic pressure was maintained from 60 mmHg to 4) mmHg. Mean arterial pressure of 15-20 mmHg was maintained in lower extremities. When aorta was declamped, hypotension and bradycardia continued for 10 minutes. After administration of epinephrine and CaCl2, vital signs were stable. Total aorta cross-clamping time was 47 minutes, and total urine output was 200 ml. Although mannitol and steroid were administered for prevention, paraplegia occured postoperatively because of prolonged aorta cross clamping time.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Constriction ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lower Extremity ; Mannitol ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Paraplegia* ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Renal Insufficiency ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity ; Vital Signs

No abstract available.
Peritoneum*

No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Cholera Toxin* ; Cholera* ; Cytoplasm* ; Humans* ; T-Lymphocytes*