No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prednisolone*

BACKGROUND: Cleaning and disinfection of fiberoptic bronchoscope requires careful attention, especially to mycobacterium species because the contamination of mycobacteria could raise confusion on diagnosis. Recently, we detected contamination of Wydex(R) solution used in bronchoscope washer with Mycobacterium chelonae. In this study, we evaluated the mycobactericidal effect of 12 kinds of disinfectants for M. chelonae. METHOD: To evaluate the bactericidal effect of Wydex(R) 2%, Cidex(R) 2.25%, Cidex(R) 3%, Bacteriokiller (BK) disinfectant, Perasafe(R), HICLO-S(R), Lamicine(R), ethanol, Instrusept(R), Virkon(R), Betadine(R), and Vipon(R) against M. chelonae, culture was performed after exposure of two M. chelonae strains (ATCC 35749, the type strain and the strain isolated from contaminated Wydex(R) solution) to each disinfectant solution. The growth of organism was examined for up to 8 weeks. RESULTS: Growth of M. chelonae (reference strain of ATCC 35749 and isolated strain) was observed after a week incubation for Wydex(R) 2%, Cidex(R) (2.25%, 3%) and control. For BK disinfectant and Perasafe(R), they grew after 2-3 weeks, and 3-4 weeks, respectively. For HICLO-S(R) and Lamicine(R), only the contaminated strain grew after two and three weeks, respectively. For ethanol, Virkon(R), Betadine(R), Vipon(R), and Instrusept(R) , growth was not observed from either strain. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, Instrusept(R), virkon(R), ethanol, Betadine(R), and Vipon(R) were effective for the disinfection of M. chelonae. Especially, Instrusept(R) was thought to be useful as a disinfectant for bronchoscopes because it has advantages including non-corrosiveness, chemical stability, and non-irritativeness. And additional washing with ethanol might be effective. The finding that strain isolated from contaminated bronchoscopes was more resistant to disinfectants than reference strain suggested that the more resistant strains are selected throughout the improper disinfection.
Bronchoscopes ; Diagnosis ; Disinfectants* ; Disinfection ; Ethanol ; Mycobacterium chelonae* ; Mycobacterium*

Intracerebral metastases are among the most feared complication of systemic malignant disease and most occur late in the course of the systemic cancer so often are viewed as a terminal maifestation for which diagnosis and treatment are neigher required nor desirable. However, this situation is changing. Improved survival rates with many kinds of cancer have led increasingly to instances where the neurologic complications themselves limit the quality of life, forcing physicians to assume a more active attitude toward the diagnosis and treatment of the neurologic disorder. The authors analysed 125 cases of intracerebral metastatic tumors which are diagnosed with the brain CT scan at Yonsei University, Severance Hospital from January, 1979 to December, 1984 and following results were obtained. 1. Intracerebral metastatic tumors are found in 125 cases(31.2%) of all intracranial neoplasm. 2. The most common primary tumor is lung ca. (50.4%) followed by chorioca. (8%), breast ca. (8%) and GI tract ca. (6.4%) in the order while 16 casese (12.8%) were of unknown primary tumor. 3. Chorioca. (14.9%), melanoma(5.6%), lung ca.(4.2%), kidney ca.(3.3%) and breast ca.(2.3%) exhibit relatively high rate of intracerebral metastasis in the order whereas stomach ca.(0.2%), hepatoma (0.3%) and cervix ca (0.1%), which constitute most common primary maliqnancies in Korea, revealed very low rate of intracerebral metastasis. 4. The youngest patient was 11 years old and the oldest 80. Most intracerebral metastatic tumors, 97%, occur above 30 years of age and peak in the 6th decade (32%). In age below 40, chorioca. Is the most common pimary tumor and the age above 40, lung ca. 5. There is no sexual difference between male and female. In male most conmon primary site is lung (64.6%) followed by GI tract(7.7%)and in female, lung (35%), chorioca. (16.7%) in the order. 6. The most common presenting symptom and sign is headache (58.4%) followed by motor deficit (48.0%), mental deterioration (43.2%) and nausea or vomiting (32.8%). 7. In most of intracerebral metastases the onset is gradual with duration of less than 3 months in 84% whereas in a few patients, 8 cases (6.4%), the onset is apoplectic and the primary sites that revealed apoplectic onset are lun. (3 cases), chorioca. (3 cases), liver (3 cases), unknown (1 cases). 8. Intracerebral metastases are detected simultaneously (50.5%), precociously (3.7%) or after (45.9%) diagnosis of the primary tumor. 9. Average interval between the diagnosis of primary tumor and development of intracerebral metastasis is 9.1 months in total and short in lung, stomach, kidney and liver cancer whereas and long in breast, rectum cancer and sarcoma. 10. In 96 cases who can be reevaluated with brain CT, the findings are as follows; 1) Metastatic lesions are multiple in 67.7% and single in 32.3%. 2) Most intracerebral metastases are located supratentorially (77.%), in 4.2%; infratentorially and in 18.8%; both. 3) Density of lesions are variable from hypodense to hyperdense and intracerebral metastases from chorioca., breast, kidney and nasopharynx ca. Are likely to iso to hyper than hypodense. Calcifications are rare and observed only in 2 cases (2%). 4) Most cases (98.5%) reveal perifocal edema of variable degree while a few patients (11.5%) reveal no edema. 5) Most metastatic lesions demonstrate variable contrast enhancement with nodular type (52.1%), rign type (25.0%), combined (15.6%) and a few patients (7.3%) fail to enhance. 6) Hemorrhages are found in 11 cases (11.5%) and chorioca. (4 cases), hepatoma 3 cases) and lung ca, (3 cases) are the most frequent offenders. 11. Radiation, surgery and chemotherapy seems to improve the prognosis.
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cervix Uteri ; Child ; Criminals ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Edema ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; Nausea ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary ; Nervous System Diseases ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Sarcoma ; Stomach ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the apical sealing according to the depth of the System B Plugger tip when root canal was filled with gutta-percha and sealer by Continuous Wave of Condensation technique in the Type IV canal. 50 simulated resin blocks with J-shaped curvature canals were instrumented by ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballagiues, Switzerland) Ni-Ti files using the crown-down technique. Type IV canals were made using a broken ProTaper F3 Ni-Ti file for making a ledge at 3mm short from the working length. And ProTaper F1 Ni-Ti file was used for perforating resin block. The prepared Type IV canals were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 each according to the depth of System B Plugger tip. All of experimental groups were obturated with Continuous Wave of Condensation technique. The length of gutta-percha and sealer in lingual of the Type IV canals was measured with a measuring digital calliper under magnifying glass (x 2.3). The results are as follows : 1. In control group, there was no gutta-percha and sealer in lingual canal. 2. 3 mm group showed relatively more gutta-percha than 5mm or 7 mm group (p<0.05). 3. 7 mm group did not showed gutta-percha and relatively more void were observed than 3mm or 5 mm group. (p<0.05) In conclusion, within the limits of the results of this experiment, the 3 mm depth of System B Plugger tip was acceptable for obturating the Type IV canal.
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Glass ; Gutta-Percha ; Nickel ; Titanium

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of wearing rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses on the topographic changes in keratoconus. METHODS: Seventy-seven keratoconic eyes that wore multicurve RGP contact lenses and 30 keratoconic eyes that wore no contact lenses were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-ups were 22.6 and 20.5 months in the lens-wearing and control groups, respectively. Visual acuity, comfort, daily wearing time, and corneal staining were evaluated for both groups. The changes in topographic indices were compared between the lens-wearing and control groups. RESULTS: Multicurve RGP lens corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity of the lens-wearing group significantly improved from -0.016+/-0.065 to -0.032+/-0.10 at follow-up (p=0.05). In the lens-wearing group with advanced keratoconus, the Sim Kmax, Sim Kmin, apical power, astigmatic index, and anterior elevation significantly decreased from 57.68+/-4.26 diopter (D), 50.50+/-2.32 D, 62.79+/-5.11 D, 7.20+/-0.55 D and 67.36+/-16.30 microm to 55.51+/-4.28 D, 49.62+/-3.26 D, 60.31+/-5.41 D, 5.90+/-0.51 D and 60.61+/-16.09 microm, respectively (paired t-test, p<0.05). The irregularity index of 3 mm did not significantly change. Meanwhile, in the control group, the apical power and irregularity index increased from 55.56+/-7.25 D and 3.06+/-1.68 D to 57.11+/-7.75 D and 3.25+/-1.71 D, respectively (paired t-test, p=0.008, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Properly fitted multicurve RGP contact lenses are not likely to contribute to the progression of keratoconus.
Adult ; Astigmatism/etiology/pathology/therapy ; *Contact Lenses ; Cornea/*pathology ; *Corneal Topography ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoconus/complications/pathology/*therapy ; Male ; Prognosis ; Prosthesis Design ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Adenosine Deaminase* ; Adenosine* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal*

BACKGROUND: Vasopressin has recently been recognized to have greater effect on improving blood flow to myocardium and brain during cardiac resuscitation than epinephrine and also improves rates of ROSC(return of spontaneous circulation) and survival in pre-hospital and in-hospital prolonged refractory cardiac angst patients who did not respond to the standard epinephrine treatment. This study was designed to investigate the effects of vasopressin on ROSC rates and survival rates in rat asphyxia arrest model. METHOD AND MATERIAL: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Anesthesia was induced with halothane and nitrous oxide and ventilatory cairo was maintained. EtCO2 was adjusted to 30-40mmHg and halothane was maintained. Right infernal carotid artery and right femoral vein were cannulated and EKG electrodes were attached. After 10 minutes of asphyxia, group 1 was treated with 1ml of saline, group 2 with 1ml(0.001mg/100g) of epinephrine and group 3 with 1ml(0.16u/100g) of vasopressin for resuscitation. Statistical significance was an analysed by SPSS with ANOVA and chi-square tests. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen in baseline measurements. Three ROSC and eight 60 minutes survivals were found in group 1, whereas nine ROSC and eight 60 minutes survivals were obtained in group 2 and all of the subjects in group 3 showed ROSC and 60 minutes survival, but no statistical differences were seen between group 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: Vasopressin seems to have similar effect on improving ROSC and survival rates compared to epinephrine in rat asphyxia models.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Asphyxia* ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Epinephrine* ; Femoral Vein ; Halothane ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardium ; Nitrous Oxide ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Resuscitation* ; Survival Rate ; Vasopressins*

Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia(ATD;Jeunes's syndrome) is a rare variety of short limb dwarfism. It is characterized by an extremely small thorax when compared to the ab-dominal circumference, which frequently results in respiratory distress. Other anomalies as-sociated with Jeune's syndrome are pelvic bone malformations and renal dysplasia. It was first described and namely by Jeune et al. in 1954. Jeune's syndrome is an autosomal rece-ssive trait and has a 25% recurrence risk. These patients died at early age due to respirat-ory insufficiency. Death due to uremia has occurred in number of children surviving infan-cy, following progressive renal failure, hypertension and hepatic failure. About 50 cases have been reported in the world literature. We experienced a case of small thorax with short limb dwarfism on antenatal ultraso- und examination and then the baby was delivered by cesarean section. The diagnosis was confirmed to Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia by clinical features, radiological findings and pathological findings. We reported a case of Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia with review of literatures.
Cesarean Section ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dwarfism ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Liver Failure ; Pelvic Bones ; Pregnancy ; Recurrence ; Renal Insufficiency ; Thorax ; Uremia

Pylephlebitis occurs secondary to infection in the region drained by the portal venous system. We described a case of pylephlebitis which developed as a complication of appendicitis and reviewed 22 cases of pylephlebitis, including the current case, reported in Korea. Appendicitis, followed by diverticulitis, was the most common infection associated with pylephlebitis. Fever and abdominal pain were the most common presenting symptoms. Bacteremia was present in 60% of cases. Streptococci, enteric gram-negative bacilli, and Bacteroides fragilis were common organisms isolated from the blood. Liver abscess was identified in 3 cases. All patients survived regardless of anticoagulation therapy. Although pylephlebitis is a rare disease, it should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with fever of unknown origin who present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms or abnormal liver function test.
Abdominal Pain ; Appendicitis ; Bacteremia ; Bacteroides fragilis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diverticulitis ; Fever ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Function Tests ; Mesenteric Veins ; Portal Vein ; Rare Diseases ; Thrombophlebitis

With socioeconomic development and change of esthetic recognition, the demand for orthodontic treatment and number of orthodontic patients has been increasing so rapidly. And frequency of malocclusion was changed. So this study was done in an attempt to provide an epidemiologic study so that we can accomodate their orthodontic needs adequately and to obtain the reliable quantitative information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients. Distribution and trends were examined in 3,070 malocclusion patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital, Chosun University over 10 year-period from 1990 to 1999. The results were as follows : 1.The number of patients per year was increasing trend and higher visiting rate in female(56.5%) than in male(43.5%). 2.Age distribution had shown 7~12 year-old group being the largest(37.9%) and each percentage of 13~18, 19~24, above-19, 0~6 year-old group was 32.0%, 19.6%, 7.1%, 3.4%. 3. Hellman dental age IVa which is completion of the permanent dentition showed the highest percentage in male and female. 4.Geographic distribution showed a majority of patients in Kwang Ju(71.0%). Group within the distance 10km from Chosun Dental Hospital was 56.3% and group within 20km was 14.7%. 5.Anterior cross bite showed the highest percentage in chief complaints and percentage of Mn. prognathism and protrusion of Mx. teeth was 12.6%, 12.2%. 6.Distribution in the types of malocclusion according to the Angle's classification had shown; 38.9% for Class I, 20.7% for Class II division 1, 2.0% for Class II division 2, 38.4% for Class III. 7.In the dental vertical dysplasia according to the Angle's classification, deep bite was the most frequent in Class II div.1 and div. 2(24.3%, 56.7%) and open bite in Class III(21.4%). 8.In the skeletal sagittal dysplasia, 39.3% of skeletal ClassII was due to the undergrowth of the mandible and 46.3% of skeletal ClassIII was due to the overgrowth of the mandible. 9.Distribution in orthodontic treatment accoding to the extraction and nonextraction had shown 66.9% for nonextraction case, 33.1% for extraction case, and four first bicuspids have been extracted in the highest percentage(38.6%). 10.Patients who had orthognathic surgery comprised 7.9%, with an increasing trend.
Bicuspid ; Dentition, Permanent ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Open Bite ; Orthodontics* ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Overbite ; Prognathism ; Tooth