No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Korea*

As the percentage of the elderly in the population increases, research to identify the nutritional and health status of the elderly, to understand the factors influencing on them, and to delay aging have been done actively. It is necessary for these studies to be longitudinal. This study was carried out to assess the change of health-related habits such as dietary behaviors and smoking, alcohol drinking and exercising habit, and health status between previous study(1991/1994) and post study(1998) for middle-aged men and women living in Chonju. For the present study, the data of 63 pairs(23 men and 40 women) were analyzed. They were 11 men and 12 women followed up from 82 men and 100 women surveyed in 1994. Mean ages in the 1991/4 and 1998 studies were 53.6y(range 42-63y) and 59.0y(range 46-72y) respectively. The survey was conducted with interview using a questionnaire including dietary behaviors and health-related habits, and anthropometric measurement and blood test for analyzing biochemical indices in 1991/4 and 1998. To understand these changes over time, chi2-statistics, t-test and paired t-test were analyzed with an SAS package program. As people age, there were significantly decreases in the proportions to eat lightly salted foods and drink alcohol. Significant longitudinal increases in triceps skin fold thickness, gamma-GPT and HDL-cholesterol and significant decrease in hemoglobin value were noted over time in both men and women. In addition a significant decrease in blood glucose level was noted over time in women. Weight, blood glucose and total cholesterol increased significantly with age in those had had breakfast regularly or those had not used more slat at the table in the past. From this study, were found out the subjects of this study had relatively desirable health-related habits. But as improper health-related habits are likely to result in inappropriate health status(eg, increase in WHR, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol), it is recommended that nutrition education in necessary as soon as possible to meet the health elderly.
Aged ; Aging ; Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Glucose ; Breakfast ; Cholesterol ; Education ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Male ; Skin ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study is to analyze the foods which 424(male 171, female 253) university students surveyed consumed frequently and to evaluate and the factors affecting their food consumption patterns. The survey was conducted at the beginning of nutrition courses each semester, March and September, 1998, with the questionnaire composed of general information, food, drinking and smoking habits, nutrition knowledge/attitude and food frequency questionnaire. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 89.2% and 78.1% respectively, and the rates of smoking were 68.1% and 1.6% in males and female. The nutrition knowledge score was higher in females than in males, but the nutrition attitude score was not significantly different between the male and female groups. The foods frequently consumed among students were cooked rice(14.3/week), kimchi(11.1/week), coffee(5.7/week), vegetables in soup, jjigae and jorim(3.5/week), carbonated beverages(3.3/week), cooked mixed rice(3.2/week). Ramyun and chocolate candies biscuits were frequently consumed, too. There were several factors influencing food consumption patterns. These were gender, regularity of mealtimes, the status of alcohol drinking and smoking, residence type and the levels of nutrition knowledge and attitude. Males ate more frequently cooked rice, coffee, carbonated beverages, ramyun, functional beverages and ham sausage, while females ate more frequently cooked mixed rice and fruits. Those who had the habits of irregular mealtimes seemed to eat more soft drinks, instant foods and snacks. These trends were also found in the alcohol drinking and smoking groups. High level groups for nutrition knowledge of attitude score chose raw yellow green and green vegetables, cooked mixed rice, soybeans and seaweeds more frequently than the other groups. On the other hand, low level groups for nutrition knowledge or attitude score were apt to eat carbonated beverages and ramyun more frequently. Therefore, more attention should be taken to males, having habits of irregular mealtimes, alcohol drinking and smoking, and low level groups for nutrition knowledge or attitude score so as to improve their health.
Alcohol Drinking ; Beverages ; Cacao ; Candy ; Carbon ; Carbonated Beverages ; Coffee ; Daejeon* ; Drinking ; Female ; Fruit ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Snacks ; Soybeans ; Vegetables ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The dietary habits and eating behaviors of nonagenarian subjects over 90 years old in Korean representative longevity belts of Damyang, Gokseong, Kurye, Sunchang were evaluated. The subjects of the study were 91 elderly people (26 males and 65 females) over 90 years old and their dietary habits, food preferences and meal patterns were collected by individual interview. The percentage of subjects, who answered "very good" or "good" for their health status, was 65.9%. In this study, 55% of subjects were without chronic diseases, and there was no significance difference in gender. Many subjects had performed regular exercise and outdoor activity. The rate of eating together with their family was 79.1%. Most of subjects (91.2%) had a regular mealtime consuming three meals a day, and they had good appetite and pleasure of eating. The higher preference of food group was fruits (95.6%), legumes (94.5%), mushrooms (93.4%) and vegetables (92.3%), but the amount of intakes is higher in vegetables than the others. Eating with family, regular exercise and self-rated good health are improved their nutrient intakes. Most frequently consumed meal pattern was rice plus soup and side dishes. The side dish consumed frequently was Namul (blanch and seasoned vegetables). From this study, the nonagenarian populations in longevity belt in Korea have good dietary habits such as regular mealtime, constant amount of meal and eat with pleasure. They are taking Korean traditional meal pattern, providing enriched antioxidant vegetable foods. Also, it can be concluded that the amount and quality of diet in the long-lived elderly are responsible for the Korean traditional family system.
Agaricales ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over* ; Appetite ; Chronic Disease ; Diet ; Eating ; Fabaceae ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Habits* ; Food Preferences ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea* ; Longevity* ; Male ; Meals ; Pleasure ; Seasons ; Vegetables

The nutrients intake and health-related habits of nonagenarian subjects in Korean representative longevity belts of Damyang, Gokseong, Kurye, Sunchang were evaluated for the purpose of providing the information on the desirable food selection and dietary pattern of elderly population. A survey was conducted with 91 subjects (26 males and 65 females) and their food intakes were measured by the combination of one meal weighing and 24-hr recall, and their general background information was collected by visit. The mean age of the subjects was 93.6 +/- 2.2 (male) and 97.6+/- 4.6 (female). The average smoking rate was 20.9%; the rate of regular drinking was 26.4%. The average energy intake was 1,284.9 kcal comprising 77.1% of RDA for elder people over 75. The energy ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat were 66.5 :18.2 :15.3. The average intake of protein, calcium, iron and zinc were 107.4%, 59.9%, 106.3% and 60% of RDA respectively. The lower intake of vitamins as low as 70% was found except vitamin B6 and niacin. The majority of the subjects consumed rice as staple diet and mostly consumed white plain rice rather than mixed grain rice. The animal and plant food intakes were 88.4 :11.6 in males and those of females were 83.0 :17.0 showing a tendency of plant-based meals. Nutrients that showed NAR over 0.7 were protein, iron, vitamin B6, niacin and phosphate, but those with INQ over 1. Nutrient with INQ below 0.7 was only vitamin E. Even though their nutritional quantity did not appear to be enough, but their nutritional quality was relatively high. The adding dairy products, nuts and fruits for the purpose of proving sufficient vitamin and minerals can achieve the optimal nutritional intake patterns. Further research on RDA of this age population should be followed.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over* ; Animals ; Calcium ; Edible Grain ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Drinking ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Food Preferences ; Fruit ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea* ; Longevity* ; Male ; Meals ; Minerals ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status* ; Nutritive Value ; Nuts ; Plants ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Zinc

The nutrients intake and health-related habits of nonagenarian subjects in Korean representative longevity belts of Damyang, Gokseong, Kurye, Sunchang were evaluated for the purpose of providing the information on the desirable food selection and dietary pattern of elderly population. A survey was conducted with 91 subjects (26 males and 65 females) and their food intakes were measured by the combination of one meal weighing and 24-hr recall, and their general background information was collected by visit. The mean age of the subjects was 93.6 +/- 2.2 (male) and 97.6+/- 4.6 (female). The average smoking rate was 20.9%; the rate of regular drinking was 26.4%. The average energy intake was 1,284.9 kcal comprising 77.1% of RDA for elder people over 75. The energy ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat were 66.5 :18.2 :15.3. The average intake of protein, calcium, iron and zinc were 107.4%, 59.9%, 106.3% and 60% of RDA respectively. The lower intake of vitamins as low as 70% was found except vitamin B6 and niacin. The majority of the subjects consumed rice as staple diet and mostly consumed white plain rice rather than mixed grain rice. The animal and plant food intakes were 88.4 :11.6 in males and those of females were 83.0 :17.0 showing a tendency of plant-based meals. Nutrients that showed NAR over 0.7 were protein, iron, vitamin B6, niacin and phosphate, but those with INQ over 1. Nutrient with INQ below 0.7 was only vitamin E. Even though their nutritional quantity did not appear to be enough, but their nutritional quality was relatively high. The adding dairy products, nuts and fruits for the purpose of proving sufficient vitamin and minerals can achieve the optimal nutritional intake patterns. Further research on RDA of this age population should be followed.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over* ; Animals ; Calcium ; Edible Grain ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Drinking ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Food Preferences ; Fruit ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea* ; Longevity* ; Male ; Meals ; Minerals ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status* ; Nutritive Value ; Nuts ; Plants ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Zinc

This study investigated the anthropometric and biochemical indices, and the health and nutritional factors influencing the two indices among 194 middle-aged and elderly subjects (108 middle-aged and 86 elderly) residing in a medium sized city for more than 10 years. In the examination of their dietary habits, 8.3% of the middle-aged subjects and 14.0% of the elderly subjects had two meals a day, and more female subjects had two meals per day. Of the subjects who ate meals at regular times, 75.0% were middle-aged and 79.1% were elderly, and the degree of irregularity of meals was greater for female subjects. The study of the dietary behavior of the subjects indicated that 71.3% and 66.3% of the middle-aged and elderly, respectively responded that the amount of food in each meal was sufficient. The subjects ate alone comprised 19.7% of the middle-aged females and 31.5% of the elderly females. The prevalence of smoking among the subjects was 28.1% for the middle-aged, 18.8% for the elderly male and 7.4% for the elderly females. The percentage of the subjects who drank alcohol was 34.4% of the middle-aged males and 13.2% of the middle-aged females. Slightly less than half of the subjects exercised more than once a week, with the male subjects showing a higher rate than the female subjects. The average body mass indices (BMI) were 24.5 and 24.6 for the middle-aged male and female, respectively, and 22.6 and 24.0 for the elderly male and female, respectively. BMI assessment showed that underweight subjects (BMI < 20) comprised 3.7% of the middle-aged, 14.0% of the elderly, and that 40.7% of the middle-aged and 24.4% of the elderly were overweight (25 < BMI < 30); and 0.9% of the middle-aged and 1.2% of the elderly were classified as obese (BMI > or = 30). A waist/hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.8 was found in 89.5% of the middle-aged females and 90.7% of the elderly females, showing high abdominal fat deposition in the majority of females. The average systolic blood pressure of females was 121.1 +/- 17.1 mmHg for the middle-aged and 129.6 +/- 21.3 mmHg for the elderly subjects. The systolic blood pressures showed a significantly difference between the two age groups. Those defined as anemic subjects based on hemoglobin values comprised 13.0% of the middled-aged group and 16.3% of the elderly group. There was a tendency for higher fasting glucose levels among the elderly subjects. An increase in total plasma cholesterol levels with age was shown. The female subjects had higher cholesterol levels than the males'. The study of the correlation between the daily habits and health status showed that the amount of food eaten at each meal, the frequency of eating out, and the use of dietary supplements appeared to influence BMI, WHR, the plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels; omitting one meal had a positive correlation with the systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol. These results suggest that desirable dietary habits and concerns for health are contributing factors for maintaining good health, as indicated by normal blood lipid levels.
Abdominal Fat ; Aged* ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Dietary Supplements ; Eating ; Fasting ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Glucose ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Male ; Meals ; Overweight ; Plasma ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thinness ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: Diseases related with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia and cerebrovascular disease are increasing according to the change of dietary patterns with economy growth and other causes such as low physical activity. Many studies showed the effects and benefits of exercise in people who had diseases related to cardiovascular risk factors, but there are few studies on the effects of exercise in healthy people. Therefore this study investigated the influence of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adults. METHODS: 2,413 people who participated in periodic health examinations at Taegu medical center from May to July, in 1998 were assessed with respect to height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and subjects responded to the self-administered questionnaires. We reviewed 881 subjects. Subjects were classified as exereise group if they reported exercising for at least 30 minutes, 5 or more days of the week, and as control group if they reported exercising once a week or less. We observed the difference in Body Mass Index(BMI), fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and the prevalence of overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia between study groups. RESULTS: There were no differences in sex, age, education, economic status, occupation between the study groups. Serum total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and BMI were significantly lower for the exercise group. The prevalence of overweight, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were significantly lower for the exercise group. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus were lower for the exercise group, but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy peoples, they who were regularly exercise were significantly lowered in cardiovascular risk factors and diseases related with cardiovascular risk factors than nonexercising peopl
Adult* ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Daegu ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Fasting ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Motor Activity ; Occupations ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Diseases related with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia and cerebrovascular disease are increasing according to the change of dietary patterns with economy growth and other causes such as low physical activity. Many studies showed the effects and benefits of exercise in people who had diseases related to cardiovascular risk factors, but there are few studies on the effects of exercise in healthy people. Therefore this study investigated the influence of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adults. METHODS: 2,413 people who participated in periodic health examinations at Taegu medical center from May to July, in 1998 were assessed with respect to height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and subjects responded to the self-administered questionnaires. We reviewed 881 subjects. Subjects were classified as exereise group if they reported exercising for at least 30 minutes, 5 or more days of the week, and as control group if they reported exercising once a week or less. We observed the difference in Body Mass Index(BMI), fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and the prevalence of overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia between study groups. RESULTS: There were no differences in sex, age, education, economic status, occupation between the study groups. Serum total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and BMI were significantly lower for the exercise group. The prevalence of overweight, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were significantly lower for the exercise group. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus were lower for the exercise group, but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy peoples, they who were regularly exercise were significantly lowered in cardiovascular risk factors and diseases related with cardiovascular risk factors than nonexercising peopl
Adult* ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Daegu ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Fasting ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Motor Activity ; Occupations ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was conducted to find the differences in food consumption frequency of the middle aged(male 20, female 50) and the elderly(male 15, female 15) living in Chonju in December, 1998 according to food habits, smoking, alcohol drinking and exercising habit, health status, and the levels of nutrition knowledge and attitude store. The foods frequently consumed among the subjects were kimchi(15.4/week), mixed rice(11.5/week), rice(7.6/week), vegetables in soup, jjigae and jorim(5.0/week), mandarins and oranges(5.e/week), and seasoned laver(4.3/week). There were several factors influencing food consumption patterns. These were age, regularity of meal times, the status of smoking, alcohol drinking and exercising, and the level of nutrition attitude. The elderly ate cooked rice more frequently, while the middle aged ate fish, especially blue fishes more frequently. The middle aged who had breakfast regularly ate milk and milk products, legumes and fruits frequently. Those who smoked seemed to eat less cereals and starches and fats, while those who didn't smoke ate more sugars. The alcohol drinking group also ate less fats and the exorcising group ate almost all of food groups frequently. The status of health showed to be related with food consumption patterns. The normal group in hemoglobin ate eggs more frequently than the anemia group and the high risk group in blood pressure ate almost all of food groups more frequently. The high level group for nutrition attitude score chose vegetables, fruits, and milk and milk products more frequently than the other groups. On the other hand, low level group for nutrition attitude score was apt to eat ramyun, ham-sausage, and carbonated beverages more frequently. Therefore, nutrition education to improve the food habits find to change nutrition attitude is necessary to promote health status anti mole attention should be taken to the high risk group in blood pressure to guide proper food and nutrition intakes.
Aged* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Anemia ; Blood Pressure ; Breakfast ; Carbohydrates ; Carbonated Beverages ; Edible Grain ; Education ; Eggs ; Fabaceae ; Fats ; Female ; Fishes ; Food Habits ; Fruit ; Hand ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Meals ; Middle Aged* ; Milk ; Ovum ; Seasons ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Starch ; Vegetables ; Surveys and Questionnaires