PURPOSE: A number of studies have been published on the effect of growth hormone therapy over 1-3 years in children with growth hormone deficiency(GHD) & Familial short stature(FSS). So far final height data are seldomly available. Final heights of GH treated children with GHD & FSS were evaluated. METHODS: 10 Children with GHD and 69 children with with FSS were enrolled for the study. They were treated with GH 0.1IU/kg/daily in 10 GHD and 20 children with FSS. They were grown up and reached adult height. 49 children with FSS were not treated at all. Facors influencing final height were investigated. RESULTS: 1) All patients with GHD(Idiopathic 8 cases, Organic 2 cases) had additional gonadotropin deficiency and had multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. 2) At start of GH treatment boys of idiopathic GHD were 9.8 years old and 12.4 years old in girls and their mean height was 114.8cm(-2.8SDS), 123.0cm(-2.9 SDS)in boys and girls respectively. Boy with orgnaic GHD was 11.1 years and 6.7 years old in girl. Their height were 126.0cm(-1.5SDS) and 104cm(-1.2SDS) respectively. 3) Mean final height of idiopathic GHD was 167.6cm(-0.5SDS) in male and 161.0 cm(0.7SDS) and that of organic GHD was 173.0cm(0.5SDS) in male and 157cm (0SDS) in girl. 4) Mean Final height in untreated children with FSS was 159.8+/-.2cm(-1.6 SDS)in male and 149.6+/-.3cm(-1.4SDS) in female. Mean final height of GH treated in FSS was 162.5+/-.1cm(-1.5SDS) in male and 152.0+/-.4cm(-1.2SDS) in female But there was no statiscally difference between untreated and treated children in final height. 5) The age of onset of menarche was 12.74+/-.78 years old in GH treated group (n=12) and 12.45+/-.16 years old in untreated group(n=34). CONCLUSION: The GH administration in patients with GHD has been confirmed for growth promotion. but in case of FSS there was no significant difference between treated and untreated group. More further studies are needed for the confirmation of the efficacy of GH therapy in patients with FSS.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Child* ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Male ; Menarche

This report presents an unusual case of primary malignant melanoma in the midesophagus. The patient was a 36-year-old woman presenting with dysphagia and odynophagia. The resected esophagus and proximal stomach showed a dark purple large polypoid mass, measuring 6.0 3.3 2.0 cm, with a diffuse tan pigmentation of surrounding mucosa in the mid-esophagus and two small daughter nodules, up to 1.2 0.3 cm, in the lower esophagus near the gastro-esophageal junction. A microscopic examination revealed a malignant melanoma of epithelioid cell type confined to mucosa and submucosa with a diffuse melanosis. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for HMB 45 and S-100 protein were noted. An electron microscopic examination revealed large, loosely cohesive variable shaped cells with a few cytoplasmic premelanosomes.
Adult ; Cytoplasm ; Deglutition Disorders ; Epithelioid Cells ; Esophagus* ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Melanosis ; Mucous Membrane ; Nuclear Family ; Pigmentation ; S100 Proteins ; Stomach ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

No abstract available.
Gastroschisis* ; Hernia, Umbilical*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing dementia preventive behaviors of older adults at high risk of dementia based on extended health belief model. Methods: The subjects were 140 older adults at high risk of dementia living in H-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. The data was collected from April 21 to May 28, 2021 by using structured questionnaires. The data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression by SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: The mean score of dementia preventive behaviors of older adults at high risk of dementia was 3.47±0.49 (range 1-5). The factors influencing dementia preventive behaviors were self-efficacy (β=.82, p<.001), cues to action(β=.17, p=.013), ages 75-79 (β=0.35, p=.003; reference: ages 65-69), ages ≥80 (β=0.27, p=.021; reference: ages 65-69), which together explained 82.0% of total variance in dementia preventive behaviors (F=25.21, p<.001). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it is highly recommended to develop and apply the dementia prevention program that can increase self-efficacy and cues to action for improving dementia preventive behavior of older adults at high risk of dementia.

PURPOSE:Urine examination for microalbuminuria during the clinical silent years can help to identify those patients most likely to progress to overt nephropathy. The normalization of the AER(Albumin Excretion Rate) by alteration of glomerular hemodynamics may be the key to preventing or delaying overt nephropathy. The prognostic and therapeutic implications have led to attempts to identify patients with microalbuminuria as early as possible.Because diagnosis of microalbuminuria has required a 12 or 24 hour urine collection,there has been interested in developing tests that might serve as a first-stage screen for microalbuminuria. Most reports have dealt with the usefulness of either the albumin concentration or the albumin/creatinine ratio in a timed or randomly collected urine specimen. Exercise induced albumin excretion is increased compared to resting and could unmask latent glomerular damage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate diagostic significance of urinary albumin measurement after exercise in children with insulin dependent diabetes. METHODS:Fifty-seven patients with IDDM collected their overnight urine from 22:00 to 6:00 in following morning. Exercised method for urine examination was 100M running and collected 2 hour urine after exercise. The AER and Albumin/ creatinine ratio(ACR) were measured in the urine and compared with before and after exercise. RESULTS:Mean ages of diabetic children was 13.7 yrs old and duration of diabetes was 4.1+/-2.7yrs, HbA1c 8.6+/-1.9%,Systolic BP 107+/-10mmHg and Diastolic BP 67+/-8mmHg. The exercise induced AER was increased compared to before exercise(10.3+/-10.5 vs 18.1+/-16.0 mg/24hr). The exercise induced ACR also increased too(1.4+/-1.5 mg/g.Cr vs 4.1+/-3.6mg/g.Cr)(P<0.01). Two(3.5%) children with IDDM was positive for microalbuminuria in terms of AER before exercise and 8 children(14%) after exercise. No one positive for microalbuminuria in terms of Alb/cr before and after exercise. The charateristics of 8 children with microalbuminuria after exercise was no specific difference between positive and negative microalbuminuria. There was specific correlation between microalbuminuria and HbA1c(P<0.05) but sex, ages, duration of diabetes & blood pressure were not correlated with incidence of microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: The mean timed urinary albumin excretion after exercise was significantly higher than before exercise. Measurement of timed urinary albumin excretion after exercise will be helpful for detecting microalbuminuria earlier.
Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diagnosis ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insulin ; Running

Among the diverse factors causing obesity, the life styles and the food habits are very important. This study has carried out to evaluate the association between the habit of living and the Body Composition in 132 male and 313 female of 20-75 years old people in Incheon. The research tools are questionnaires of 6 items of life styles(Smoking, Drinking, Frequency of exercises, Normal Activity Degree, Favorite food, Degree of salt ingestion) and a height and Body Composition. The statistical results are as follows : 38% of male and 23% of female were over the normal range(Korean Society of Obesity 2004). Although the tendency of average BMI are increasing, there was no significant difference in comparison of the average BMI according to the age in male. But, the percentage of Body Fat, the Visceral Fat Area and the WHR, there was statistical significance according to age in male. The middle aged group(between 40~50 years) and older group(over 60 years) were over the normal range. In female, there were significant difference in comparison of the average BMI, the percentage of Body Fat, the WHR, the Visceral Fat Area and the Fitness Score. Especially, in the old female group, the BMI and the WHR score were over the normal range. The BMI: There was positive correlation with the Percent Body Fat(r=0.796, r=0.839, p=0.000), the Body Fat Mass(r= 0.891, r=0.932, p=0.000) and the WHR(r=0.783, r=0.902, p=0.000). Frequency of Exercises, Normal activity Degree, Favorite food, Degree of salt ingestion : There was significant difference in comparison of sex(P<0.05). The results of this study hope to provide an opportunity to further examine the relationship of the Healthy Behavior to Body Composition and obesity.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition* ; Information Storage and Retrieval* ; Drinking ; Eating ; Exercise ; Female ; Food Habits ; Hope ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Life Style* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reference Values

For quality assurance purposes, the authors correlated aspiration cytology and subsequent tissue findings and examined the reasons for discrepancies. In three months from Jan. to Mar. 1996, 1,383 aspirations were performed, of which 285 (20.6%) had subsequent tissue diagnoses within two months. The aspiration sites were thyroid (483), lymph node (LN) (290), breast (250), soft tissue (154), liver (89), lung (49), salivary gland (26), pancreas (22), gallbladder (3), bone (3), joint (2), adrenal gland (2), scrotum (2), mediastinum (2), omentum (2), oral cavity (1), chest wall (1), and intraabdominal (1) and pelvic cavities (1). A total of 68 discrepancies were identified, and biopsies and smears from these cases were reviewed monthly. In 27 cases (40%), the discrepancy was attributed to sampling error. In five cases (9%), aspiration gave superior results with better sampling and preservation than biopsy. Thirty six cases (53% of discrepant cases) were errors in cytologic diagnosis. We categorized these discrepancies into "A", "B", and "C" ("A": minor disagreement with no affect on patient care, "B": minimal affect on patient care, "C": major affect on patient care), which were 9 (13%), 14 (21%) and 13 (19%) cases, respectively. In thirteen cases of category "C", there were eleven false negative and two false positive diagnoses. Eleven false negative cases included thyroid (3), lymph node (2), breast (2), bone (1), salivary gland (1), lung (1), and liver (1). Three cases of thyroid were papillary carcinomas diagnosed as nodular hyperplasia (1), occasional pleomorphic cells (1), and cystic change (1). Two breast cases of invasive ductal carcinomas were diagnosed as ductal hyperplasia. A malignant lymphoma was diagnosed as reactive hyperplasia and a metastatic carcinoma of LN was diagnosed as tuberculosis. Other cases were malignant tumors of bone, salivary gland, lung, and liver those were misinterpreted as benign lesion or normal. Of two false positive cases, one was nodular hyperplasia of thyroid diagnosed as papillary carcinoma and the other was normal islet cell of pancreas diagnosed as islet cell tumor. A continuous monitoring of laboratory performance is an essential component of the quality control and assurance, and the review of discrepant cases provides useful information for improvement of diagnosis.
Adenoma, Islet Cell ; Adrenal Glands ; Aspirations (Psychology) ; Biopsy ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Islets of Langerhans ; Joints ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Mediastinum ; Mouth ; Omentum ; Pancreas ; Patient Care ; Quality Control ; Salivary Glands ; Scrotum ; Selection Bias ; Thoracic Wall ; Thyroid Gland ; Tuberculosis

Palpable inguinal mass in children should be differentiated from inguinal hernia, hydrocele, lymph node, and tumor. Though using ultrasonography, fatty tumor would be misdiagnosed as incarcerated inguinal hernia containing fatty component. We experienced the huge inguinal lipoblastoma in 5-year-old girl mimicking recurrent incarcerated hernia. Laparoscopic exploration revealed it was not incarcerated hernia but well demarcated bulging mass from abdominal wall. Mass was about 10x4x3 cm and extended from internal inguinal ring to saphenous opening. It was near total excised because of right external iliac vein injury. Pathologically, it was proven as lipoblastoma containing mature adipocyte with lipoblast and fibrous septa. Postoperatively, we noticed a segmental thrombotic occlusion of external iliac vein. After 1 year, she has no symptom related to occluded vessel. The remained lipoblastoma showed no interval change. Even lipoblastoma has a good prognosis with low recurrence rate, we need careful follow-up.
Abdominal Wall ; Adipocytes ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Iliac Vein ; Inguinal Canal ; Lipoblastoma* ; Lipoma ; Lymph Nodes ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography

The authors analysed 2,653 cases of transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology of the lung to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and its limitation. A comparison was made between the original cytologic and the final histologic diagnoses on 1,149 cases from 1,074 patients. A diagnosis of malignancy was established in 38.3% benign in 48.1%, atypical lesion in 2.3%, and inadequate one in 11.9% of the cases. Statistical data on cytologic diagnoses were as follows; specificity 98.9%: sensitivity of procedure, 76.8%: sensitivity of diagnosis, 95.5%: false positive 5 cases: false negative 18 cases: predictive value for malignancy, 98.8%: predictive value for benign lesion, 79.5%: overall diagnostic efficiency, 87.5%: typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 80%.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea* ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome* ; Humans ; Lung ; Sensitivity and Specificity

We report 4 cases of malignant thymoma which were composed of 2 cases of invasive thymoma and 2 cases of thymic carcinoma. The cytologic findings of invasive thymoma were similar to those of benign thymoma. The distinctive cytologic features of thymic carcinoma were necrotic background, irregular clusters and individually scattered arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells, and some scattered mature small lymphocytes. These findings may be found in the Hodgkin's lymphoma, seminoma, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the lung. But, the feature of irregular clustering of anaplastic epithelial cell having scanty cytoplasm was different from Hodgkin's lymphoma and seminoma. Clinical and radiologic findings as well as cytologic finding were helpful in differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.
Breast ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Seminoma ; Thymoma ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*