No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of working mothers' parenting burden in Korea. METHODS: Eight working mothers with young children were interviewed. The Colaizzi analysis of phenomenological research was applied. RESULTS: Seven theme clusters were extracted: a life with constant conflict, sense of guilt, feeling anxious because of lack of information about education for their children, social stigma as a deficient mother, family relationship becoming distant, a life being exhausted, day to day struggle. CONCLUSION: These results provide an opportunity to have a better understanding of the experiences of working mothers related to parenting their young children. It would also serve as a medium for the formulation of appropriate nursing intervention relevant to burdens of parenthood.
Child ; Family Relations ; Guilt ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents ; Social Stigma

The genetic status of cagA, vacA subtype, iceA1, and babA, and the relationship to gastroduodenal diseases were assessed in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Korea. Seventy-six strains of H. pylori were isolated from the antrum and the corpus of 41 adult patients (22 with peptic ulcer and 19 with gastritis). The cagA, iceA1, and babA genes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction and the vacA subtypes were determined by reverse hybridization-line probe assay. The positive rates of 349-bp cagA, 208-bp cagA, iceA1, and babA genes were 97.4%, 96.1%, 84.2%, and 36.1%, respectively. The vacA s1a, s1b, s1c, and s2 variants were detected in 11.8%, 3.9%, 80.4%, and 1.3%, respectively. m1 (78.9%) is more prevalent than m2 (5.3%). The most common vacA genotype was s1c/m1 (61.9%), and 14 isolates (18.4%) contained mixed vacA genotypes from a single biopsy specimen. Twenty-one (60%) of 35 patients were infected with more than two strains of different cagA, iceA1, babA, and vacA genotypes. None of cagA, iceA1, babA, and vacA s1/m1 were associated with peptic ulcer. In conclusion, most H. pylori isolates in Korea carry cagA, iceA1, and vacA s1c/m1 genes, and reside with multiple strains. These genes do not correlate with the peptic ulcer in the Korean patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Helicobacter pylori/*classification/genetics/pathogenicity ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Peptic Ulcer/*etiology/microbiology

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common pathogen of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis. It has been believed that the activity of iron-uptake system (IUS) may play an important role in the growth of S. epidermidis in human peritoneal dialysate (HPD) solution, but there is no report using mutants with defective IUS. A streptonigrin-resistant S. epidermidis (SRSE) strain was isolated from S. epidermidis KCTC 1917 and functionally characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacterial growth was monitored by measuring the optical densities of culture fluids obtained at appropriate intervals at a wavelength of 600 nm. CAS agar diffusion assay was used for the comparison of siderophore production, 6 M urea-gel electrophoresis for the comparison of the ability to capture iron from transferrin, and bioassay for the observation of the ability to utilize iron-siderophore complexes. RESULTS: The SRSE strain ineffectively utilized transferrin-bound iron for growth despite its ability to produce considerably larger amount of siderophores than its parental strain. The growth of the parental strain, but not the SRSE strain, was stimulated on transferrin-bound iron by its own siderophores each. The growth of the SRSE strain in the HPD solution was retarded compared to that of the parental strain. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the SRSE strain is defective in its ability to utilize the iron-siderophore complexes, rather than its ability to produce siderophores, and that the siderophore-mediated IUS plays an important role in the growth of S. epidermidis in HPD solution.
Agar ; Biological Assay ; Diffusion ; Electrophoresis ; Humans* ; Iron ; Parents ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritonitis ; Siderophores ; Staphylococcus epidermidis* ; Staphylococcus* ; Transferrin

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common pathogen of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis. It has been believed that the activity of iron-uptake system (IUS) may play an important role in the growth of S. epidermidis in human peritoneal dialysate (HPD) solution, but there is no report using mutants with defective IUS. A streptonigrin-resistant S. epidermidis (SRSE) strain was isolated from S. epidermidis KCTC 1917 and functionally characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacterial growth was monitored by measuring the optical densities of culture fluids obtained at appropriate intervals at a wavelength of 600 nm. CAS agar diffusion assay was used for the comparison of siderophore production, 6 M urea-gel electrophoresis for the comparison of the ability to capture iron from transferrin, and bioassay for the observation of the ability to utilize iron-siderophore complexes. RESULTS: The SRSE strain ineffectively utilized transferrin-bound iron for growth despite its ability to produce considerably larger amount of siderophores than its parental strain. The growth of the parental strain, but not the SRSE strain, was stimulated on transferrin-bound iron by its own siderophores each. The growth of the SRSE strain in the HPD solution was retarded compared to that of the parental strain. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the SRSE strain is defective in its ability to utilize the iron-siderophore complexes, rather than its ability to produce siderophores, and that the siderophore-mediated IUS plays an important role in the growth of S. epidermidis in HPD solution.
Agar ; Biological Assay ; Diffusion ; Electrophoresis ; Humans* ; Iron ; Parents ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritonitis ; Siderophores ; Staphylococcus epidermidis* ; Staphylococcus* ; Transferrin

PURPOSE: Previous clinical investigations of sinus floor augmentation have demonstrated repneumatization of grafted sinus. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the height changes of sinus floor after grafting with deprotenized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 34 sinuses in 28 patients were augmented with 100% DBBM or 100% TCP through lateral approaches. Sinusgraft height was measured before, immediately after, and 6 months after bone graft with panoramic radiography. RESULT: After 6 months, the decreases of graft heights were 14.53% for DBBM group and 15.15% for TCP group. There was no statistically significant difference. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Long-term stability of sinus-graft height represents an important factor for implant success. After the uses of DBBM and TCP for maxillary sinus floor augmentations, acceptable graft height maintenances were observed.
Bone Transplantation ; Calcium Phosphates ; Dental Implants ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinus Floor Augmentation ; Transplants

Animals ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Ear ; Electrons ; Erbium ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1beta ; Laser Therapy ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Mice ; Skin ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories-Korean (M-B CDI-K) short form as a screening test in children with language developmental delay. METHODS: From April 2010 to May 2012, a total of 87 patients visited the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital with the complaint of language developmental delay and were enrolled in this study. All patients took M-B CDI-K short form and Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) or Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) according to their age. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 58 male patients and 29 female patients and the mean age was 25.9 months. The diagnosis are global developmental delay in 26 patients, selective language impairment in 31 patients, articulation disorder in 7 patients, cerebral palsy in 8 patients, autism spectrum disorder in 4 patients, motor developmental delay in 4 patients, and others in 7 patients. Seventy-one patients are diagnosed with language developmental delay in SELSI or PRES and of them showed 69 patients a high risk in the M-B CDI-K short form. Sixteen patients are normal in SELSI or PRES and of them showed 14 patients non-high risk in the M-B CDI-K short form. The M-B CDI-K short form has 97.2% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, a positive predictive value of 0.97, and a negative predictive value of 0.88. CONCLUSION: The M-B CDI-K short form has a high sensitivity and specificity so it is considered as an useful screening tool in children with language developmental delay. Additional researches targeting normal children will be continued to supply the specificity of the M-B CDI-K short form.
Articulation Disorders ; Cerebral Palsy ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development Disorders ; Language Development* ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; National Health Programs ; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Although most persons infected with Helicobacter pylori harbor a single strain of the organism, multiple strain colonization in the same patient is also occasionally reported in developed countries. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of multiple strain colonization in Korean patients and to detect the cagA, iceA1, and babA status of H. pylori isolated from the antrum and body of the stomach. H. pylori was obtained from 35 patients from the antrum and body of the stomach. The genomic diversity of H. pylori was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. The status of cagA, iceA1, and babA genes of H. pylori was assessed by polymerase chain reaction with appropriate primers. Clearly different diversity patterns were identified among the isolates from 35 individual patients. Eighteen (51.4%) patients had a single strain of H. pylori. Eight (22.9%) and nine (25.7%) patients had subtypically (one or two bands difference) and typically (clearly different pattern) different strains of H. pylori in the antrum and body, respectively. Among the 70 isolates of H. pylori from 35 patients, the positive rates of 349-bp and 208-bp cagA gene fragments and the iceA1 gene were 68/70 (97.1%), 68/70 (97.1%), and 58/70 (82.9%), respectively. However, the babA gene was found in 22/66 cases (31.4%). In five out of 18 patients with a single strain, the genetic status of cagA, iceA1, and babA varied between the isolates from the antrum and the body. In 8/17 patients with subtypically or typically different strains, the gene status differed between antrum and body isolates. The prevalence of co-colonization with typically or subtypically different strains is high in Korea, and sub-clones with different pathogenic gene status exist within strains of identical RAPD patterns.
Colon ; Developed Countries ; DNA ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Pyloric Antrum* ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: Tigecycline resistance has emerged recently and has shown diverse mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the role of efflux activity in tigecycline resistance in 120 clinical isolates of A. baumannii using two methods: the H33342 accumulation assay and adeB real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between the expression level of adeB and H33342 accumulation level. METHODS: A. baumannii clinical isolates was divided into tigecycline-resistant (49 strains), intermediate (40 strains), and susceptible (31 strains) groups. The H33342 accumulation was measured in the absence or presence of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of the adeB gene in A. baumannii clinical isolates. RESULTS: The level of H33342 accumulation in the resistant group was relatively lower than those in the other groups. The addition of CCCP caused a significantly increased fold change in H33342 accumulation in the tigecycline-resistant group. Significant difference in the fold change level in H33342 accumulation was found between tigecycline-susceptible and resistant isolates. Those findings support the role of efflux pumps of which substrates are H33342 in the resistance of tigecycline. Significant differences in the relative expression levels of adeB were shown between tigecycline-susceptible and resistant groups also. CONCLUSION: The results showed that several efflux pumps of which substrates were H33342 can contribute to tigecycline resistance. The adeB overexpression can also contribute to tigecycline resistance. It is possible that efflux pumps other than adeB efflux pumps contribute to tigecycline resistance because there was no correlation between fold change level in H33342 accumulation and adeB expression level.
Acinetobacter baumannii* ; Acinetobacter* ; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction