No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Education, Medical* ; Family Practice* ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and hope of preoperative patients. The subjects in this study were 130 preoperative patients in 2 hospitals in Kunsan. The instruments used for this study: This social support scale developed by Park(1985). Hope scale developed by Miler(1988), the hope scale was modified by adding some items relevant to preoperative patients, when tested for reliability, the cronbach's alpha score was 0.93. The data was analysed by t-test, correlation coefficient, and ANOVA using SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of social support was 3.13 and the mean score of hope was 3.03. 2. The hypothesis of this study, "The higher the degree of social support perceived by the patient, the higher the degree of hope", was supported (T=6.47, p=0.0001 r=0.49). 3. 1) General characteristics were related to the degree of social support: sex, occupation, economic level, education level(p<0.05). 2) General characteristics were related to the degree hope: sex, occupation, economic level, medical treatment expenses, house possession state, operative department, economic level(p<0.05). For these subject, there was a significant relationship between social support and the degree of hope. The nurse should plan interventions to inspire hope level by social support with preoperative patient If so, their coping ability and well-being level may be promoted.
Education ; Hope* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Occupations

Leiomyomas are benign tumors of smooth muscle origin and are very rare in the female genital tract. To date, approximately 35 cases of urethral leiomyoma have been reported in the literature. A 34-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of a mass at the urethral meatus. Physical examination showed 2 x 1.5 cm lump at the urethral meatus, posterior lip. Histologically the tumor was mainly composed of benign cigar shaped smooth muscle izells which were arranged in interlacing fascicles without cellular atypia or mitosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed leiomyoma with positive staining for vimentin, desmin and muscle specific actin.
Female ; Humans

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Over the years, resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) have gone through substantial development and refinement. Several studies examined the biomechanics of tooth preparation and framework design in relation to the success rate of RBFPDs and considered retention and resistance form essential for increase of clinical retention. However, these criteria required preparations to be more invasive, which violates not only the original intentions of the RBFPD, but may also have an adverse effect on retention due to loss of enamel, an important factor in bonding. PURPOSE: The object of this in vitro study was to compare the dislodgement resistance of the new types of RBFPDs, the conventional three-unit fixed partial denture, and conventional design of RBFPD (Maryland bridge). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty resin mandibular left second premolars and second molars were prepared on dentiforms, according to the RBFPD design. After model fabrication (five group, n = 10), prostheses were fabricated and cemented with zinc phosphate cement. After cementation, the specimens were subjected to tensile loading at a cross head speed of 4 mm/min in a universal testing machine. The separation load was recorded and analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS: Group V, the pin-retained RBFPDs, had the highest mean dislodgement resistance, whereas specimens of group II, the conventional RBFPDs, exhibited a significantly lower mean dislodgement resistance compared to the other 4 groups (P < .05). There were no significant differences between group I, III, and IV in terms of dislodgement resistance (P > .05). Group V had the highest mean MPa (N/mm2) (P < .05). There was no significant difference between groups I, II, III and IV (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the design of this in vitro study, it was concluded that: 1. The modified RBFPDs which utilizes the original tooth undercuts and requires no tooth preparation, compared with the conventional design of RBFPDs, has significantly high dislodgement resistance (P < .05). 2. The modified RBFPDs which utilizes the original tooth undercuts and requires minimal tooth preparation, compared with the conventional FPDs, has significantly no difference in retention and dislodgement resistance)(P > .05). 3. The pin-retained FPDs showed a high dislodgement resistance compared to the conventional three-unit FPDs (P < .05).
Bicuspid ; Biomechanics ; Cementation ; Collodion ; Dental Enamel ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Head ; Intention ; Molar ; Phosphates ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retention (Psychology) ; Tooth ; Tooth Preparation ; Zinc Compounds ; Zinc Phosphate Cement

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common clinical arrhythmia. AF may cause disabling symptoms and serious adverse effects, such as impairment of cardiac function or thromboembolic events. Until now, there were no study about the clinical characteristics of atrial fibrillation throughout this nations. The purpose of this study is a establishment of epidemiologic database of patients with atrial fibrillation in this nations. METHODS: 867 patients from 12 university hospitals were involved in this study. Atrial fibrillation were diagnosed with documented ECG in all patients. Medical history, physical findings, basic Laboratory finding, ECG, echocardiography and 24-hour Holter monitoring of these patients were evaluated. Chronic atrial fibrillation were defined as the duration of AF longer than 72 hours regardless of intervention. RESULTS: In patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, the most common symptom was dyspnea and the most common associated diseases were valvular heart disease, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. 2) In patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the most common symptoms were palpitation, dizziness and chest pain, and the most common associated diseases were hypertension, ischemic heart disease and valvular heart disease. 3) left atrial size, systolic and diastolic left ventricular size in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation were significantly increased as compared those in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (p<0.001). 4) cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema were more common in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study is first large multicenter study about atrial fibrillation in this nations. These data can be used as basic data for follow up and management of atrial fibrillation.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Cardiomegaly ; Chest Pain ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Joints* ; Korea* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Pulmonary Edema

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Neuroblastoma*

The purpose of this study is to analyze the foods which 424(male 171, female 253) university students surveyed consumed frequently and to evaluate and the factors affecting their food consumption patterns. The survey was conducted at the beginning of nutrition courses each semester, March and September, 1998, with the questionnaire composed of general information, food, drinking and smoking habits, nutrition knowledge/attitude and food frequency questionnaire. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 89.2% and 78.1% respectively, and the rates of smoking were 68.1% and 1.6% in males and female. The nutrition knowledge score was higher in females than in males, but the nutrition attitude score was not significantly different between the male and female groups. The foods frequently consumed among students were cooked rice(14.3/week), kimchi(11.1/week), coffee(5.7/week), vegetables in soup, jjigae and jorim(3.5/week), carbonated beverages(3.3/week), cooked mixed rice(3.2/week). Ramyun and chocolate candies biscuits were frequently consumed, too. There were several factors influencing food consumption patterns. These were gender, regularity of mealtimes, the status of alcohol drinking and smoking, residence type and the levels of nutrition knowledge and attitude. Males ate more frequently cooked rice, coffee, carbonated beverages, ramyun, functional beverages and ham sausage, while females ate more frequently cooked mixed rice and fruits. Those who had the habits of irregular mealtimes seemed to eat more soft drinks, instant foods and snacks. These trends were also found in the alcohol drinking and smoking groups. High level groups for nutrition knowledge of attitude score chose raw yellow green and green vegetables, cooked mixed rice, soybeans and seaweeds more frequently than the other groups. On the other hand, low level groups for nutrition knowledge or attitude score were apt to eat carbonated beverages and ramyun more frequently. Therefore, more attention should be taken to males, having habits of irregular mealtimes, alcohol drinking and smoking, and low level groups for nutrition knowledge or attitude score so as to improve their health.
Alcohol Drinking ; Beverages ; Cacao ; Candy ; Carbon ; Carbonated Beverages ; Coffee ; Daejeon* ; Drinking ; Female ; Fruit ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Snacks ; Soybeans ; Vegetables ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the pregnancy outcome and the advantages of laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis. METHOD: During 16 months, January 1996 to April 1997, thirty-two patient had underwent laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis in Pudang CHA General Hospital. The mean age of the patients was 36.1+/-4.3 years(mean+/-SD; range 26 to 47 years). RESULT: The intrauterine pregnancy rate of laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis was 72.4%(21/29). Data comparing laparoscopic procedure retrospectively to tubal reversal by laparotomy was also evaluated. The mean interval from operation to pregnancy was similar in the two groups (p=0.9). The operation time was sigoificantly longer for laparoscopy (215.3+/-35.5 minutes) than for laparotomy(159.7+/-52.3 minutes). Nevertheless, the intensity of postoperative pain was lower (p<0.05) in patient who underwent laparoscopy than in patient who underwent laparotomy. Also, the mean hospital stay (3.6+/-2.3 days for laparoscopy, 6.1+/-0.5 days for laparotomy) was shortened(p<0.05) after laparoscopy compared with laparotomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis may offer the benefits of lower postoperative pain and shorten recovery time in comparison with laparotomy. Therefore, considering the high pregnancy rate in minimal follow up period of 6 month, laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis could be an alternative procedure to microsurgical laparotomy in patients requesting reversal of sterilization.
Female ; Fertility* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sterilization ; Sterilization Reversal*