No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome* ; Meconium*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune*

Interleukin-5 (IL-5), which is known to be an activator of human eosinophil, increases in IgA nephropathy. In order to find out the relationship between activated eosinophil function and the pathogenesis of Henoch-Sch nlein purpura (HSP) and IgA nephropathy, serum esosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was analyzed using a monoclonal antibody Besides, the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was analyzed to clarify if there was a positive correlation between T cells and activated eosinophils. As anticipated, the levels of ECP, in detail, were significantly higher among HSP patients with a mean of 9.7+/-1.8microgram/L than in a control group with a mean of 4.6+/-0.7microgram/L. The HSP patients were also classified as one group with normal urine and another group with abnormal urine. The latter showed higher levels of ECP than the former. On the other hand, the levels of ECP were higher in IgA nephropathy patients than in the control group; however, there was no significance in statistics. The sIL-2R levels were higher in HSP patients than those in serums of IgA nephropathy patients and the control group. Thus, this study came to a conclusion that the activated eosinophil might be one of the pathogeneses in HSP but not in IgA nephropathy.
Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Eosinophils* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Interleukin-5 ; Purpura ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Neurons* ; Reflex*

Brachycephaly is a kind of craniosynostosis. Because of premature closure of the coronal suture, the skull is shorter in the anteroposterior diameter but is widened with a high vault and the occiput and forehead are flattened. Diabetes insipidus had been reported in oxycephaly. We have experienced a case of central diabetes insipidus associated with brachycephaly. A brief review of related literatures is included in this report.
Craniosynostoses* ; Diabetes Insipidus ; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic* ; Forehead ; Skull ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Nephritis, Interstitial*

No abstract available.
Acyclovir* ; Necrosis*

Benign and malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast may be difficult to distinguish in both cytologic and histologic preparations. To define the cytologic features of benign and malignant papillary lesions, we retrospectively reviewed 18 cases of fine needle aspirates from histologically confirmed cases of papilloma or papillary carcinoma of the breast. This study included 3 intraductal papillary carcinomas, 3 invasive papillary carcinomas, and 12 intraductal papillomas. All cases were evaluated for presence or absence of papillary fragments, bloody background, apocrine metaplasia, macrophages, and degree of cellularity, atypia, and single isolated columnar epithelial cells. Papillary fragments were present in all cases. The background of the smear was bloody in all 6 carcinomas, but in only 7 out of 12 papillomas. Markedly increased cellularity was present in 4 carcinomas (67%) and 7 papillomas (58%). Single cells were present in 5 carcinomas (83%) and 8 papillomas (67%). The majority of papillomas and papillary carcinomas had mild to moderate atypia, and severe atypia was noted in one case of intraductal papillary carcinoma and one case of invasive papillary carcinoma. Apocrine metaplasia was absent in all cases of papillary carcinomas, but present in 8 papillomas (67%). Macrophages were noted in 4 carcinomas and were present in all cases of papillomas. The constellation of severe atypia, bloody background, absence of apocrine metaplasia and/or macrophages were features to favor carcinoma. Malignant lesions tended to show higher cellularity and more single isolated cells. The cytologic features mentioned above would be helpful to distinguish benign from malignant papillary lesions of the breast. However, because of overlapping of cytologic features, surgical excision should be warranted in all cases of papillary lesions of the breast to further characterize the tumor
Breast ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Central Nervous System* ; Cyclosporine* ; Epithelial Cells ; Macrophages ; Metaplasia ; Needles ; Papilloma ; Papilloma, Intraductal ; Retrospective Studies

Acute renal failure means that the word does not contain a mild kidney injury. In addition, the criteria for acute renal failure per researcher are different, and it is difficult in interpreting the results of research on acute renal failure. Therefore, rather than acute renal failure, a new term "acute kidney injury" meaning to include all the levels of injury is introduced. In 2002, to diagnose by means of serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and urine output, a detailed classification of acute kidney injury, the RIFLE criteria has been proposed. In 2007, the RIFLE criteria by transforming, AKIN criteria has been proposed. The pediatric RIFLE criteria for children has also been proposed. The author reviews here these criteria by comparing them.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Child ; Creatinine ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant*