The incidence of colorectal cancer has been increased gradually and it was about 6.9% of all malignancies in Korea. Early diagnosis was recognized as the most important factor influencing the prognosis of colorectal cancer and the incidence of early colorectal cancer was increasing. Thus great change was observed in the treatment of early colorectal cancer, endoscopic therapy as well as curative surgical resection is being accepted. We report a case of effective and safe endoscopic therapy for early rectal cancer in 5S-year-old male patient. He presented with rectal prolapse and bleeding of a year's duration. A large polypoid mass with fine nodular surface and thick, short stalk was seen in the rectum at 4cm above the anal verge during flexible sigmoidoscopy. After the histologic examination of specimen obtained by bite biopsy, CT scan of pelvic cavity and ultrasonogram of abdomen, the tumor was removed safe and completely by 2 sessions of piecemeal polypectomies and strip biopsy. He has been well without symptoms and signs of recurrence of rectal cancer for 20 months.
Abdomen ; Biopsy* ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Early Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectal Prolapse ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

The authors regret that there were errors in the article. The errors were in one co-author's affiliation and funding source.

Trichogenic tumors are a very rare group of primary cutaneous neoplasms and a few tumors have been recognized. Trichofolliculoma is a benign, papular, organoid adnexal tumor of the skin and presents as a solitary skin-colored nodule. We report six cases of trichofolliculoma occurred in Korean patients consisting of three male and three female patients. The duration of disease was variable from 3 months to 5 years. The site of tumor was limited to the face and included eyelid in two cases, nose in two cases, cheek and posterior aspect of ear in each one case. The size of the mass varied from 4 to 8 mm in diameter. Microscopically, all the cases showed large central cystic hair follicle with numerous secondary follicular buds, producing a radiating pattern. The stroma was fibrotic and well demarcated from the adjacent dermis.
Cheek ; Dermis ; Ear ; Eyelids ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Male ; Nose ; Organoids ; Skin

Acute peripheral vestibulopathy, of which the chief complaint is positional vertigo, comprises benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), labyrinthitis, labyrinthine fistula, and cerebellopontine angle tumors. Since the typical presentation of labyrinthine fistulas may be sensorineural hearing loss, positional vertigo, or disequilibrium, it is often difficult to distinguish from BPPV or Meniere's disease. Herein we report a 61-year-old female patient with typical symptoms and signs attributable to geotropic type variant of the lateral semicircular canal BPPV on the left side, who eventually was confirmed as having a labyrinthine fistula from chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma on the left side. This is another case where, even in the presence of isolated vertigo showing typical findings of acute peripheral vestibulopathy, other otologic symptoms and signs must not be overlooked.
Cholesteatoma* ; Ear, Inner ; Female ; Fistula* ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Labyrinthitis ; Meniere Disease ; Middle Aged ; Neuroma, Acoustic ; Otitis Media ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo* ; Vestibular Neuronitis

PURPOSE: Nowadays, drinks, foods and snacks have frequently been intensified with calcium and the insights into the importance of calcium-intake in general has developed in Korea. In this decade, we found the numbers of children who was visited to our hospital for evaluation of hematuria defined with hypercalciuria were increased. So we tried to compare the mean levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, creatinine, bicarbonate and urinary pH who visited our hospital in 1991, 1992 with in 2000, 2001. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1991 to December 1992, and between January 2000 to December 2001, each 366 children and 488 children, aged 1 month to 15 years, who presented in our hospital for tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy or for inguinal herniorrhaphy were enrolled in the study. The children in the study were checked the level of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, creatinine, bicarbonate and urinary pH with the machine which was corrected the similar levels of practical chemical levels in serum. We compared each mean levels in 1991s' group with in 2001s' group totally and separately through the age and sex. We used t-test to analysis data. RESULTS: The levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and urinary pH of 2001s' group were significantly higher than the levels of 1991s' group(P<0.05). The each level was 9.91+/-0.50 mg/dL, 248.58+/-94.98 U/L, 0.61+/-0.14 mg/dL, 138.64+/-2.22 mM/L, 4.35+/-0.40 mM/L, 6.18+/-0.86 in 2001s' and 9.13+/-0.68 mg/dL, 198.26+/-79.34 U/L, 0.433+/-0.18 mg/dL, 137.86+/-2.67 mM/L, 4.22+/-0.36 mM/L, 5.83+/-0.95 in 1991s'. And the levels of serum bicarbonate, 23.64+/-2.57 mM/L in 2001s' was significantly lower than the 1991s', 24.60+/-2.23 mM/L (P<0.05). The similar results were detected each age and sex group. CONCLUSION: The levels of serum calcium increase in this decade. The results will be used as a basic data for the national health plan in the years to come.
Adenoidectomy ; Calcium* ; Child ; Creatinine ; Gangwon-do* ; Hematuria ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypercalciuria ; Korea* ; Potassium ; Snacks ; Sodium

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) generally involves a single semicircular canal (single canal BPPV) but it has been reported that more than one semicircular canal on either the same or the opposite side can be involved in 6.8-20% of the cases (multiple canal BPPV). In this study, the clinical characteristics of multiple canal BPPV were analyzed and compared to those of single canal BPPV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 1054 consecutive patients diagnosed with BPPV. Multiple canal BPPV was diagnosed when the combination of typical nystagmus was provoked by the Dix-Hallpike and supine head roll tests. Canalith repositioning maneuver was performed sequentially starting with the semicircular canal causing more severe nystagmus or symptoms. Clinical characteristics and the treatment course were statistically compared between single canal BPPV and multiple canal BPPV. RESULTS: Among the 1054 patients, single canal BPPV was diagnosed in 1005 patients (95.4%) while multiple canal BPPV was diagnosed in 49 patients (4.6%). BPPV involving semicircular canals on the same side was more common (79.6%) than BPPV with bilateral involvement. The most common combination of the involved canals was ipsilateral posterior and horizontal semicircular canals (63.3%). Multiple canal BPPV was significantly more associated with underlying otologic diseases, especially labyrinthitis. Multiple canal BPPV required more treatment sessions and longer duration of treatment to achieve resolution of nystagmus and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: As all cases of multiple canal BPPV were treated successfully although a longer duration of treatment and more treatment sessions were required compared to single canal BPPV, the results of our study could aid in making an accurate diagnosis and providing appropriate treatment of multiple canal BPPV.
Diagnosis ; Ear Diseases ; Ear, Inner ; Head ; Humans ; Labyrinthitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Semicircular Canals* ; Vertigo*

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease characterized by fever, thrombocytopenia and diarrhea. SFTS was firstly reported in Korea in 2013 but its seroprevalence in the country has yet to be investigated. Here, we investigate the seroprevalence of SFTS in a Korean population. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who had their sera tested for various reasons at a tertiary university hospital on particular days in May 2015. This study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in southeastern Korea. Total antibodies including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), specific to SFTS virus (SFTSV) in serum samples were detected by a double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,069 serum samples were tested. Median age was 59 years (range 12–96 years), and 51.5% were male. Overall, 22 patients (2.1%) were tested positive for anti-SFTSV antibodies. The SFTS seroprevalence increased significantly with age (P = 0.034). The seropositive rate of rural area was higher than that of urban area (7.7% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.040). Seropositive rates were not significantly different among underlying diseases. None of the antibody-positive patients showed typical symptoms or laboratory findings of SFTS at the time of sample collection. Results of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were negative for all the seropositive patients. Our study shows 2.1% SFTS seroprevalence among the patients visiting a tertiary hospital in Korea. Seroprevalence is higher in older and rural population.
Antibodies ; Bunyaviridae Infections ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diarrhea ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fever* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Korea* ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; Rural Population ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Thrombocytopenia* ; Tick-Borne Diseases

PURPOSE: Efforts to predict the clinicopathological outcome of IgA nephropathy have been made but have yielded conflicting results and have not helped in deciding the appropriate timing of the renal biopsy. In this study, we reviewed the predictive factors of clinicopathological outcome for finding out the criteria of renal biopsy timing of IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Forty children diagnosed with biopsy proven IgA nephropathy at Wonju Christian Hospital were studied retrospectively, based on medical records. RESULTS: Among 39 patients, 2 children progressed to higher serum creatinine level. One of them reached to the end stage renal disease within 2 year 7 months. According to WHO histopathological classification, there were 15 cases of class I, 14 cases of class II, 7 cases of class III, and 3 cases of class IV. In the mild histological classes(class I, II), gross hematuria was shown in 23 out of 29 children(P=0.02). In the severe histological classes(class III, IV), gross hematuria was noted in 4 out of 10(P>0.05). The tubulointerstitial changes were grade 1 in 24 cases, grade 2 in 4 cases, grade 3 in 8 cases, and grade 4 in 3 cases. With an increase in the tubulointerstitial grade, the 24 hour urine protein/albumin ratio increased. Serum creatinine less than 0.79 mg/dL could predict the lower grade(grade 1 and 2) of tubulointerstitial changes. But serum creatinine greater than 1.13 mg/dL could predict the higher grade(grade 3 and 4) of tubulointerstitial changes. In children with gross hematuria(n=27), serum creatinine was lower(0.78 vs 1.09 mg/dL, P=0.027), serum IgA was higher(316.3 vs 198.8 mg/dL), and the cases of lower WHO classification(I and II) were more common(23 vs 4, P=0.029) than the children with microscopic hematuria. CONCLUSION: Serum creatinine less than 0.79 mg/dL, macroscopic hematuria, and higher 24 hour urine protein/albumin ratio would predict the lower grade glomerulo tubulointerstitial lesion in IgA nephropathy and could be used as the criteria delaying the renal biopsy.
Biopsy ; Child ; Classification ; Creatinine ; Gangwon-do ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Efforts to predict the clinicopathological outcome of IgA nephropathy have been made but have yielded conflicting results and have not helped in deciding the appropriate timing of the renal biopsy. In this study, we reviewed the predictive factors of clinicopathological outcome for finding out the criteria of renal biopsy timing of IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Forty children diagnosed with biopsy proven IgA nephropathy at Wonju Christian Hospital were studied retrospectively, based on medical records. RESULTS: Among 39 patients, 2 children progressed to higher serum creatinine level. One of them reached to the end stage renal disease within 2 year 7 months. According to WHO histopathological classification, there were 15 cases of class I, 14 cases of class II, 7 cases of class III, and 3 cases of class IV. In the mild histological classes(class I, II), gross hematuria was shown in 23 out of 29 children(P=0.02). In the severe histological classes(class III, IV), gross hematuria was noted in 4 out of 10(P>0.05). The tubulointerstitial changes were grade 1 in 24 cases, grade 2 in 4 cases, grade 3 in 8 cases, and grade 4 in 3 cases. With an increase in the tubulointerstitial grade, the 24 hour urine protein/albumin ratio increased. Serum creatinine less than 0.79 mg/dL could predict the lower grade(grade 1 and 2) of tubulointerstitial changes. But serum creatinine greater than 1.13 mg/dL could predict the higher grade(grade 3 and 4) of tubulointerstitial changes. In children with gross hematuria(n=27), serum creatinine was lower(0.78 vs 1.09 mg/dL, P=0.027), serum IgA was higher(316.3 vs 198.8 mg/dL), and the cases of lower WHO classification(I and II) were more common(23 vs 4, P=0.029) than the children with microscopic hematuria. CONCLUSION: Serum creatinine less than 0.79 mg/dL, macroscopic hematuria, and higher 24 hour urine protein/albumin ratio would predict the lower grade glomerulo tubulointerstitial lesion in IgA nephropathy and could be used as the criteria delaying the renal biopsy.
Biopsy ; Child ; Classification ; Creatinine ; Gangwon-do ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy causing anovulation in women of childbearing age. It has been well established that estrogen receptor-alpha knockout (ERalphaKO) mice display several pathologic ovarian phenotypes of PCOS. The aims of this study were to determine ovarian pathology in new ERalphaKO mice using a CreloxP approach and intra-ovarian ERalpha function as regulating key aspects of PCOS. METHODS: ERalphaKO mice, which were deficient in exon 3 of the ERalpha gene, were used. Immunohistochemical studies were done on ovaries of control and ERalphaKO mice using antibodies specific to ERalpha, ERbeta, inhibin-alpha, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), as well as histochemical staining using Sudan black-B. RESULTS: All ovaries of ERalphaKO mice were larger than control mouse ovaries and displayed a disrupted theca-interstitial tissue organization, multiple atretic follicles and multiple hemorrhagic cysts. None of the ERalphaKO mouse ovaries showed a corpus luteum. In addition, heavy deposition of Sudan black-B positive foamy cells was seen. The theca externa of preantral immature follicles and hemorrhagic cysts showed strong expression of alpha-SMA. CONCLUSIONS: ERalphaKO mice show hemorrhagic polycystic ovaries and hyperplasia of the theca externa. This study demonstrates that the ERalpha is the functional key to the pathogenesis of PCOS.
Actins ; Animals ; Anovulation ; Antibodies ; Corpus Luteum ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscles ; Ovarian Follicle ; Ovary ; Phenotype ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Sudan ; Theca Cells