No abstract available.
Krukenberg Tumor*

Primary carcinoma of fallopian tube is very rare tumor, that has an incidence less than 1% in all female genital malignanciea. Yhe symptoms are not distinctive, and in moat cases, they are so slight that the disease is well advanced when the diagnosis is made. The postmenopausal bleeding is the most common presenting eomplaint. The diagnosis of carcinoma of the fallopian tube is not made preoperatively in most cases. A 57 years woman presented with complainta of postmenopausal bleeding for 1 month. This paper reports a case of primary fallopian tube carcinoma and presents literature review.
Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence

The Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasm representing only 0.1-0.5% of all primary ovarian neoplasms and are composed of sex-cord and stromal elements, that differentiated in a male direction. They are bilatere,l in less than 2% and confined to the ovaries in over 95% of cases. The majority(about two-thirds) of the reported cases are moderately or poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. We experienced one case of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor combined with derrnoid cyst and reported this case with a review of the litenture.
Dermoid Cyst* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor*

It has been suspected that various infections, including cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection, are associated with IgA nephropathy. In case of CMV infection, ganciclovir is known to be a treatment of choice for severe CMV infection in general. But ganciclovir has a lot of severe toxicity, so children with normal immunity are seldom treated by ganciclovir when CMV infection is suspected. On the other hand, intravenous immunoglobulin can also be used to treat CMV infection.
Child ; Cytomegalovirus ; Ganciclovir ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulins ; Pregnenediones

The study purpose was to investigate the factors related to fast food consumption of university students. Factors were identified using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Based on the pilot study, 18 behavioral beliefs, 7 normative beliefs and 19 control beliefs were identified. Data (n = 269) were analyzed using analysis of variance or chi-square tests. Subjects were categorized into non-users (27.9%), users (42%) and frequent users ( > or = 2 times/week, 30.1%). Regarding behavioral beliefs, users or frequent users responded more positively on advantages of eating fast foods including 'taste' (p < 0.001), 'making me feel full' (p < 0.001), 'diverse menus' (p < 0.05) than non-users. Compared to users, non-users responded more positively on the item that eating fast foods leads to eat vegetables less (p < 0.05), and negatively on 'making me eat more salt'(p < 0.05). Most of the referent groups, parents (p < 0.001), sisters/brothers (p < 0.01), relatives (p < 0.01), friends (p < 0.05), boy/girl friends (p < 0.05) were important sources of influence regarding subjects' fast food consumption. Users or frequent users felt less control over factors or situations that make it consume fast foods (9 out of 19 control beliefs). These factors included; availability issues (p < 0.001), 'not having other foods on hand'(p < 0.01), 'others eating together like fast foods', 'convenience', 'social increase in fast food use', 'easy to get fast foods anytime' (p < 0.05). In addition, users of fast foods were more likely to eat fast foods when they don't have time, when they do not like to cook, when they feel hungry (p < 0.05). These results suggest that interventions for university students include strategies to moderate fast food use by modifying behavioral beliefs, suggesting alternative menus and behavior modification techniques, increasing perception of control, and eliciting social support.
Behavior Therapy ; Eating ; Fast Foods* ; Friends ; Humans ; Parents ; Pilot Projects ; Vegetables

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Typhlitis*

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Korea remains a poorly-understood subject for both professionals and the public. Recent reports have emphasized ethnic differences in SIDS rates, suggesting that making adjustments in child-rearing practices may contribute substantially to SIDS reduction. Two of the three major risk factors for SIDS-vulnerability of the infant and exogenous factors-need to be understood in particular depth due to their broad scope and sociocultural grounding. This paper presents substantial issues regarding preterm birth and male gender on infants’ vulnerability to SIDS in Korea. Practices of caring for healthy infants are addressed in the context of sleeping practices, including sleeping position, bedding arrangements, sleeping on the floor, the back-to-sleep position, high indoor temperatures and ondol floor heating, and swaddling. Professional and social awareness about how to reduce SIDS should be raised by promoting a better understanding of risk factors in the context of ethnic and cultural variations in child-rearing practices.

PURPOSE: To define the anatomy of apical pleural tenting commonly seen in computed tomography(CT) of the upper posterior thorax. MATERIALS & METHODS: Chest CTs of 393 patients with no pleural disease clinically and radiographically were analyzed. GE-9800 Quick and Toshiba-900S were used, employing the usual contrast enhanced CTtechnique. CT findings of focal pleural tenting on the inner side of the upper posterior thorax(apical pleural tenting) were evalvated and analysed in terms of location and shape. The CT findings were compared with the gross findings of the inner aspect of the posterior cadaveric thorax. RESULTS: Apical pleural tenting was formed by the upper border of the subcostal muscle. It's incidence was 44%(n=171), with bilaterality in 29%(n=49), and unilaterality in 71% of cases(n=122). This tenting was most frequently found between the third rib and the fourth intercostal space(81%), and seen in the outer third(42%) or central third(41%) part of the posterior costalpleura. In fifteen cases(7%), it was directed obliquely and had changed its location from the inner to the centralor the central to the outer part. The shapes of the tenting were classified as follows : type 1(convex innerborder with sharp apex, 62%) ; type 2(convex inner border with broad apex, 23%) ; type 3(undulated contour ofapex, 13%) ; and type 4(two-spike apices, 1%). CONCLUSION: Apical pleura tenting is a normal CT finding probably demonstrated by the upper border of the subcostal muscle. Misdiagnosis of pleural disease can be avoided by recognition of the location and type of this tenting.
Cadaver ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pleura ; Pleural Diseases ; Ribs ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The mechanism of glucose transported (GT) expression on the plasma membranes of hepatoma cells in rats induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB) was studied. Cytochalasin B binding to plasma membrane fractions from control and 3'-MeDAB group in the absence of cold cytochalasin B showed 9,825 +/- 925 and 30,165 +/- 625 dpm/mg membrane protein. Scatchard plot analysis showed that the GTs present on the plasma membrane fractions in control and 3'-Me DAB groups were 5.0 and 16.0 pmol/mg membrane protein and their Kd values were 151 and 157 nM, respectively. These results suggest that the numbers of GTs in plasma membrane were increased in the 3'-Me DAB group compared to the control group. In contrast, the amounts of GTs in low density microsomal (LDM) fractions measured by a photoaffinity labeling technique using [3H]-cytochalasin B were 31,207 and 11,702 dpm/mg protein in the control and 3'-Me DAB group, respectively. These results suggest that GTs were translocated from LDM to plasma membranes during carcinogenesis. To confirm these results by an independent method 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out. Gel slice No. 13 corresponding to MW of 45 kDa from plasma membrane fractions showed increased radioactivities in the 3'-Me DAB group compared to the control group. However, LDM fractions of the 3'-Me DAB group showed decreased radioactivities compared to the control group. Western blot analysis using anti-human RBC GT antibody present in the plasma membranes and LDM fractions from control and 3'-Me DAB groups did not show any significant difference, indicating low cross-reactivity between them. These results indicate that increased glucose transport seems to be more likely due to reciprocal redistribution of GTs between plasma membrane and LDM fractions.
Animal ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Cytochalasin B/metabolism ; Glucose/*analysis ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*metabolism ; Male ; Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene ; Microsomes, Liver/*chemistry ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/*analysis ; Rats ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Purpose: The most recent 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has refined the three-tiered 2010 scheme by separating grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (G3 PanNETs) from poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). However, differentiating between G3 Pan- NETs and PanNECs is difficult in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two surgically resected PanNENs were collected from 16 institutions and reclassified according to the 2017 WHO classification based on the histological features and proliferation index (mitosis and Ki-67). Immunohistochemical stains for ATRX, DAXX, retinoblastoma, p53, Smad4, p16, and MUC1 were performed for 15 high-grade PanNENs. Results: Re-classification resulted in 20 G1 PanNETs (24%), 47 G2 PanNETs (57%), eight G3 well-differentiated PanNETs (10%), and seven poorly differentiated PanNECs (9%). PanNECs showed more frequent diffuse nuclear atypia, solid growth patterns and apoptosis, less frequent organoid growth and regular vascular patterns, and absence of low-grade PanNET components than PanNETs. The Ki-67 index was significantly higher in PanNEC (58.2%± 15.1%) compared to G3 PanNET (22.6%±6.1%, p < 0.001). Abnormal expression of any two of p53, p16, MUC1, and Smad4 could discriminate PanNECs from G3 PanNETs with 100% specificity and 87.5% sensitivity. Conclusion Histological features supporting the diagnosis of PanNECs over G3 PanNETs were the absence of a low-grade PanNET component in the tumor, the presence of diffuse marked nuclear atypia, solid growth pattern, frequent apoptosis and markedly increased proliferative activity with homogeneous Ki-67 labeling. Immunohistochemical stains for p53, p16, MUC1, and Smad4 may be helpful in distinguishing PanNECs from G3 PanNETs in histologically ambiguous cases, especially in diagnostic practice when only small biopsied tissues are available.