From January 1995 to December 1997, a total of 219 cases pelviscopic surgery was performed at Il Sin Christian Hospital. To evaluate the safty and efficacy of pelviscopic surgery, we reviewed indication of operation, mean age, parity, history of abdominal operation, type of operation, duration of hospitalization and complication retrospectively. The number of pelviscopic surgery have risen from 33 cases in 1995 to 53 cases in 1996 and 133 cases in 1997. The most common indications were 118 cases for ectopic pregnancy (53.9%) and 42 cases for ovarian cyst (19.2%), 20 cases for infertility (9.1%) in order. Among the ovarian cyst, endometrioma was the most common. The mean age of patients was 31+/-6.7 years old and mean parity was 0.77. In most cases, mean blood loss was lesser than 100 cc except 500 cc in LAVH, 150 cc in CISH, 106.7 cc in ectopic mass removal. The postoperative hospital stay was varied from 0 day to 10 days, but usually 2 days. The 26 cases had complicated and the most common complication was fever above 38degrees C. In conclusion, it is evident that pelviscopic surgery is lesser invasive technique, has lower complication rate and shorter the length of hospitalization. So, we expect the number and indication of pelviscopic surgery will be increased in future.
Endometriosis ; Female ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infertility ; Length of Stay ; Ovarian Cysts ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Retrospective Studies

Uterine arteriovenous malformation is a rare gynecologic condition, which is sometimes accompanied torrential vaginal bleeding and it can be aggravated with diagnostic dilatation and curettage. For proper management of vaginal bleeding, accurate diagnosis should be achieved before the intervention. In the past, the diagnosis was made retrospectively after hysterectomy, however recently it may be made by noninvasive method such as Doppler ultrasonogram before management. We have experienced 3 cases of uterine arteriovenous malformation, of which 2 cases were diagnosed with Doppler ultrasonogram.
Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation and Curettage ; Female ; Hysterectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: The study investigates the degree of maternal self-esteem, postpartal depression, and family function in mothers of normal and of low birth-weight infants. METHOD: A retrospective cohort design was applied to compare the variables of interest between a group of 73 mothers with normal birth weight infants and a group of 45 mothers with low birth-weight infants, using the maternal self-report inventory(MSRV), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) and Family APGAR(FAPGAR). RESULT: The total mean score was 82.57 for MSRV, 8.45 for EPDS, and 6.83 for FAPGAR with no differences between two groups. A positive correlation was found between MSRV and FAPGAR, while a negative correlations between MSRV and EPDS, and FAPGAR and EPDS. Regardless of the direction of the relationship, the degrees of the correlations were stronger in low birth-weight mothers group than in normal group. CONCLUSION: No differences in MSRV, EPDS and FAPGAR between the normal and the low birth-weight group considered as beneficial effects of the follow-up management which low birth-weight group was engaged in. This suggested the early intervention(follow-up) for the family with risk factor(low birth-weight) could reduce negative outcomes such as the impaired maternal self-esteem and family function, and the occurrence of postpartal depression, retrospectively.

This study was performed to assess the degree of acute pain in children following eye surgery using a Face Pain Rating Scale (FPRS), with a validity and reliability test employing a Numeric/Word Graphic Rating Scale (NWGRS). The degree of pain was obtained at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after surgery using the FPRS and NWGRS. The changes in pain intensities were analyzed using a RM-ANOVA, while the relationship between the FPRS and NWGRS was analyzed by a Pearson coefficient in SPSS/WIN. Two third of the children experienced pain equal to, or greater, than moderate to severe, and about one fifth of the subjects expressed the most severe pain at 2 hours after surgery. At 4 hours after surgery, 95.3% of the children still complained of pain, and 8 hours after surgery, 82.8% of the patients experienced 'a little bit' or 'a little more' pain or discomforts. At 1 day after surgery, only 34.4% of children were free of pain. A high correlation between the FPRS and NWGRS was identified over 5 time-points (.887 < r < .735). The gender, type of the surgery and past operation experience had no effects on the degree of pain. Our results suggest that FPRS is a reliable and valid measurement for acute pain assessment in Korean children following eye surgery, and warrants application in the integrated clinical protocol, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of acute pediatric pain reduction following surgery.
Analysis of Variance ; Child ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects ; Pain Measurement/*methods ; Pain, Postoperative/*diagnosis ; Reproducibility of Results

Children could experience more pain after strabismus surgery due to the limitation of communication skill in addition to surgery itself. This study was done to assess the acute pain after strabismus surgery using the Faces Pain Rating Scale and Numeric Scale in children. Patients of 50 children, 21 boys and 29 girls, with mean age of 7.3 years were studied at the timepoint of postoperative 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 hours and analyzed using RM-ANOVA. The results showed that the mean scores of pain decreased significantly along with times in both scales(F=24.620 ;p=.000 in Faces Pain Scale, F=20.668 ;p=.000 in Numeric Scale). The patterns of decreased pain were not influenced by age, sex, compliance and number of operated eye muscles. At postop. 2 hours, 60% of subjects in Faces Pain Scale and 68% in Numeric Scales complained moderate to severe pain. According to time changes, at postop. 8 hours 86%of subjects experienced no or mild pain in both scales. In addition, there were high correlation coefficiencies between two scales at each timepoint(.735 Acute Pain ; Child* ; Compliance ; Female ; Humans ; Muscles ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Strabismus* ; Weights and Measures

OBJECT: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on in vitro fertillization and developmen of preimplantation stage of mouse embryos. MATERIAL AND METHODS:F1 hybrid mice was superovulated with PMSG/hCG and mouse oocytes were recruited. After the normal sperms were incubated with PTX before in vitro fertilization, it was observed whether the fertilization and embryo development was affected or not by the sperm preparation(washing, dilution and no washing or no dilution). And after 1-cell and 2-cell stage of mouse embryos were incubated with PTX, the development to hatching blastocyst was also observed. RESULTS: When in vitro fertilization was revealed by using the washed normal sperms after 0, 3.6 and 7.2 mM PTX incubation, the fertilization rates were 92.5%, 48.8%, 36.8%, respectively. So 3.6 and 7.2 mM groups presented significantly low fertilizatin rate, but the development rates were 93.9%, 85.0%, 95.2%, respectively. Therefore, there were no significant difference between each group. When in vitro fertilization was revealed by using the diluted normal sperms after 0, 3.6, and 7.2 mM PTX incubation, the fertilization rates were 58.6%, 5.4%, 9.4%, respectively. So 3.6 and 7.2 mM groups presented significantly low fertilization rate. The developmental rates were 88.2%, 100%, 100%. And there were no significant difference between each group. When in vitro fertilization was revealed by using the not washed and not diluted normal sperms after 0, 3.6 and 7.2 mM PTX incubation, the fertilizatin rates were 61.2%, 5.7%, 3.8%, respectively. 3.6 and 7.2 mM group presented significantly low fertilization rate. The development rates were 73.3%, 0%, 0%, respectively. So 3.6, 7.2 mM group presented significantly low developmental rate. After 1-cell stage of mouse embryos were incubated in 0, 5, 10, 50 nM of PTX, the development rates were not significantly different among them. After 2-cell stage of mouse embryos were incubated in 0, 5, 10, 50 nM of PTX, the development rates were not significantly different among them. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, when PTX is used in in vitro fertilization program with normal sperms, it may affect the fertilization and embryo development in high concentration. And if PTX concentration is very low, the developmental rate would not be affected. So PTX must not be used to normal sperms and where use of PTX is indicated, it is recommended that remainder PTX must be removed as completely as possible.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Mice* ; Oocytes ; Pentoxifylline* ; Pregnancy ; Spermatozoa*

No abstract available.
Gastroschisis* ; Hernia, Umbilical*

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Necrosis* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

Purpose: Safe sleep practices (SSP) are among the main strategies to reduce sleep-related sudden unexplained infant death (SUID). Daycare personnel must be knowledgeable and trained in SSP related to SUID. This study explored the experience, knowledge, and confidence regarding SSP associated with SUID of daycare personnel. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 395 staff members at 61 daycare centers to measure their experience related to SSP (10 items), related to sleep position and location, bedding materials, and other topics; knowledge of SSP (18 items); and confidence in SSP (1 item) related to SUID. Results: A substantial proportion (23.6%) of respondents used the lateral or prone positions for infant sleep. On average, 4.5 bedding materials were used for infant sleep. Participants showed a lack of knowledge about SSP as indicated by a 56.6% knowledge of SSP related to SUID correct answer rate. Personnel who received SUID education were more knowledgeable and had more confidence regarding SSP than those who did not. More knowledge and confidence related to SSP were associated with better adherence to SSP. Conclusion Standard SSP guidelines should be developed based on South Korea's culture of childcare for educating both childcare professionals and parents at home.

No abstract available.
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor*