The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics or the potassium channels existing in the rat urinary bladders. Smooth muscle strips of rat detrusor urinae were examined by isometric myography. Relaxation responses of detrusor muscle strips to the three potassium channel openers pinacidil, a cyanoguanidine derivative, BRL 38227, a benzopyran derivative and RP 52891, a tertrahydrothiopyran derivative were examined. The potassium channel openers reduced the basal tone, and the rank order of potency was RP 52891>pincidil>BRL 38227. Procaine, an inhibitor of the voltage-sensitive potassium channel tended to increase the basal tone, but it did not affect the relaxant effects of the calcium-activated potassium channel opener did not antagonize the relaxant effects, but it reduced the Emax of RP 52891 and BRL 38227. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, antagonized the relaxant effects of pinacidil, RP 52891 and BRL 38227 reducing the Emax of RP 52891 and BRl 38227. Galanin which inhibits secretion of insulin through opening the ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells rather increased the basal tone of the isolated detrusor strips. These results suggest that the urinary bladder of the rat has mainly the ATP-sensitive, glibenclamide sensitive potassium channel, which is a different type from that in the pancreatic β-islet cells.
Animals ; Cromakalim ; Galanin ; Glyburide ; Insulin ; KATP Channels ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myography ; Pinacidil ; Potassium Channels* ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; Potassium* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder

A case of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of peritoneum which was difficult to distinguish from metastatic anaplastic carcinoma or malignant melanoma was presented. The patient was a 50 year-old woman and complained of an abdominal pain and ascites for 20 days. Histologically, the tumor cells showed highly anaplastic appearance with sheet-like arrangement without any papillary or tubular structure. They stained Positive for cytokeratin and vimentin and negative for CEA, S-100 protein and melanoma associated antigen. A few cells within the tumor showed Positive reactivity to desmin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells had characteristic findings of mesothelioma such as long, exuberant, wavy microvilli with 10 to 12 of length/diameter ratio. The patient died 3 months after the diagnosis in spite of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

The Measurement of CSF glucose and CSF glucose-to-blood glucose ratio is a very useful laboratory test for the differential diagnosis of meningitis. We have observed the change of blood glucose & CSF glucose-to-blood glucose ratio according to the time of blood sampling in 84 patients with aseptic meningitis who had been admitted to the department of pediatrics, Dong Kang hospital from May 1993 to June 1993. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The blood glucose level examined with blood sample drawn just before lumbar puncture and one just after lumbar puncture was 98.29+/-16.20mg/dl and 106.49+/-19.47mg/dl, respectively. 2) The blood glucose level examined with blood sample drawn just before lumbar puncture and one 30 min. after lumbar puncture was 96.47+/-21.52mg/dl and 117.00+/-22.12mg/dl, respectively. 3) The CSF glucose-to-blood glucose ratios examined with blood sample drawn just before lumbar puncture and one just after lumbar puncture was 67.70+/-12.40% and 62.83+/-12.62%, respectively. 4) The CSF glucose-to-blood glucose ratios examined with blood sample drawn just before lumbar puncture and one just after lumbar puncture was 70.10+/-21.77% and 56.35+/-13.75%, reskpectively. We concluded that a simultaneous blood glucose level should be taken just before lumbar puncture.
Blood Glucose ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Pediatrics ; Spinal Puncture

The purpose of this study was to compare the comfort level between healthy people and adult in-patients in Korea. The sample consisted of 248 adults (healthy adults: 124, patients admitted in university hospitals in Seoul and Jinju: 124). The research tool used for the study was General Comfort Questionnaire(GCQ) which was developed by Kolcaba(1992) and was translated by Korean. The research tool consisted of 28 items (6 items on physical dimension, 9 items on psychospritual dimension, 7 items on environmental dimension, 6 items on social dimension). Data were analyzing using the SPSS, yielding t-test, ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1) Mean scores for comfort level in healthy adults were 2.92 on a 4 point scale. 2) Mean scores for comfort level in-patient adult were 2.72 on a 4 point scale. 3) There was a significant difference between the two groups on the comfort level. The healthy adults had higher comfort level than in-patients (t=4.44, p=0.000). 4) There was a significant difference between the two groups on the comfort level of physical and environmental dimension. The healthy adults had higher comfort level than in-patients (t=2.99, p=0.003) and environmental dimension (t=8.81, p=0.000).
Adult* ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Seoul

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of nursing students' perception of emerging infectious disease, ethical awareness and nurse image on their career identity in a pandemic situation. Methods: Data were collected from 247 nursing students within universities of Daejeon, Gimcheon and Yeongdong area from May 18 to June 20, 2020. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: The subjects of this study had high level of perception of novel infectious disease (3.72±0.43), ethical awareness in pandemic situations (4.06±0.48), and nurse image (4.07±0.49), but low level of career identity (1.99±0.51). Career identify was significantly correlated with perception of novel infectious disease (r=.18, p=.005), ethical awareness in pandemic situation (r=.16, p=.011), and nurse image (r=.32, p<.001). However, excluding grade and residential area among the general characteristics, only the nurse image (β=.35, p<.001) was identified as a factor influencing career identity, and the explanatory power was 13.1%. Conclusion To increase the career identity of nursing students, it is necessary to raise professional nurses’ social awareness and develop a positive nurse image.

Recently xenotransplantation has been thought as a final solution for the controi of donor organ shortage in allograft. In order to be a ciinicai entity, xenotransplantation has many obstacles such as hyperacute rejection and delayed xenogratt rejection as a potent immunologic reaction, zoonosis and ethical problems. We already reported the eariy immunoiogic events occuring soon after xenograft in animal model, in which natural antibody and complement have a crucial roie in rejection response. As a further step for the prolongation of graft survival, we used anticomplement agent (cobra venom factor, CVF) in the same model. Graft survival in discordant (guinea pig-to-rat) xenogratt was extended from 30.6 minutes to 2 days following singie injection of CVF, which showed similar pattern of rejection with the concordant xenogratt in terms of time of rejection response after grafting. In this setting antibody response in the blood did not show any difference between that of pre CVF and post CVF, even though IgM response was more pronounced than IgG. The complement activity in the blood showed marked suppression following CVF injection. Intragraft complement gene (C3 mRNA) expression in CVF injected discordant showed delayed response in a similar pattern like that of concordant xenograft. Interestingly enough intragraft anticomplement gene expression showed the simiiar pattern of response with the complement. From these results we can conclude that anticomplement agent (CVF) extended the graft survival in discordant xenograft upto the level of concordant xenograft by shifting the complement activation response from that of discordant to concordant xenograft.
Rats ; Animals

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze college sudents' attitudes toward people with disabilities, and factors affecting the attitudes, and further to examine possible ways to improve the attitudes. and to furnish guideline of curriculum and practice in rehabilitation nursing on the basis of this analysis. METHOD: A descriptive. relational study design was used. The subjects of this study were 448 college students. A convenient sampling is used. Data were collected through 4 types of previous questionnaires used to examine attitude from May 1 to May 30, 2003. RESULT: 1. The attitude toward people with disabilities whose mean is 3.762 was responded somewhat negatively. Especially, a contact tension whose mean was 4.00 is high. 2. As a result of analyzing the attitudes of college students toward people with disabilities. some factors were statistically significant. They were experience of contact with the disabled. concern toward the disabled, voluntary work related to the disabled, and disability experience education. 3. The more negative experience of people with disabilities and the lower stereotype of disability and the higher effects of parents, teachers, and mass media, then the more positive response of peoples attitude with disabilities. 4. The main factors of determining the attitude of people with disabilities were the stereotype of disability. contact experience concern about disability, voluntary work experience. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that an appropriate educational intervention and strategy is needed in order to change the attitudes of college students toward people with disabilities. Also experimental researches are needed to do it.
Curriculum ; Disabled Persons ; Education ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Nursing

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of the Patient Safety Program on the safety culture of nursing department. METHODS: Patient Safety Program focused on medication safety was launched by QI team and patient safety committee. Patient Safety Program was composed of the establishment of improved reporting system as s way to learn from error, 'Patient Safety Guard' movement, and continuous education for medication safety. With one group pretest-posttest design, nurses' perception of the safety culture were measured with self-administered questionnaire. Subjects were all nurses and managers in nursing department of a tertiary teaching hospital in Seoul. Collected data from survey was statistically analyzed using t-test. RESULTS: Patient Safety Program had been continued for 20 months in participation of all nurses and managers. Safety culture was improved (pretest=2.84, posttest=2.90, p<.001; 4 point scale). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there has been a statistically significant increase in the nurses' perception of safety culture. These findings suggest that Patient Safety Program had made great contribution toward system wide safety culture in the hospital. To improve safety culture, leadership supports and flexibility to apply tailored interventions to the hospital were required necessarily.
Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Leadership ; Patient Safety ; Pliability ; Qi ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) lymphadenitis is one of the most common complications of BCG vaccination. The involved lymph nodes usually subside spontaneously, but they may become enlarged and form an abscess. Treatment of these infants is controversial. The Pan American Health Organization recommends local isoniazid or rifampicin instillation for patients with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. METHODS: The study group comprised 37 patients who presented with BCG lymphadenitis over the last three years. BCG lymphadenitis was diagnosed if the affected patient developed an ipsilateral axillary or supraclavicular lymphadenitis, with no other identifiable cause for the lymphadenitis. We used rifampicin instillation therapy for patients with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. RESULTS: Lymphadenitis regressed spontaneously in three patients. Thirty four patients showed a progression to abscess formation. Among 34 patients with suppurative lymphadenitis, drainage developed spontaneously during the follow-up period in nine patients before therapy. Twenty five patients received needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation therapy. Reaspiration was performed in seven patients. One of these patients still has large lymph nodes after the second attempt. CONCLUSION: Needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation therapy into the node is a safe and effective form of treatment for suppurative BCG lymphadenitis.
Abscess ; Bacillus* ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Isoniazid ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis* ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Needles ; Pan American Health Organization ; Rifampin* ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of isoflavone intake on estrogen deprivated symptoms in surgically menopaused women. METHODS: Premenopausal women who took total hysterectomy with both adnexectomy were randomized into three groups. One group took conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg daily for 12 weeks after surgery, the second group took isoflavone 100 mg #3 daily for 12 weeks after surgery, and the third group took no medication for controlled group. Questionnaires about the acute menopausal symptoms, incontinence score, blood lipid profile, bone turnover marker were checked before and 12 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Kupperman's index and insentience score were showed less increased rate than control group. Total cholesterol and triglyceride were increased in all groups and HDL cholesterol was increased in estrogen and isoflavone groups. Osteocalcin was decreased in estrogen and isoflavone groups, ICTP was decreased in estrogen group, and increased in the other groups. CONCLUSION: Isoflavone was effective to acute postmenopusal symptoms, urogenital atrophy and bone turnover.
Atrophy ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Osteocalcin ; Surveys and Questionnaire ; Triglycerides