No abstract available.
Animals ; Medulla Oblongata* ; Putrescine* ; Rats*

Cerebral lesions can cause dermatomal sensory deficit. The most commonly reported site is the medulla oblongata due to its well-separated sensory systems. Dermatomal sensory deficit that has developed after pontine infarctions have been reported in several cases, the majority of which involved the medial lemniscus. However, restricted spinothalamic sensory loss has rarely been reported in pontine infarctions. We report herein a patient who presented with dermatomal spinothalamic sensory deficits below the tenth thoracic level after pontine infarction.
Humans ; Infarction ; Medulla Oblongata ; Spinothalamic Tracts

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is characterized by a characteristic clinical presentation or positivity for the anti-aquaporin-4 antibody. Lesions involving the dorsal medulla are typical of NMOSD, but isolated tongue paralysis has not been reported previously. We report a rare case of NMOSD presenting with isolated tongue paralysis and swelling due to intrinsic tongue muscle paralysis, which was caused by bilateral involvement of the hypoglossal nuclei in the lower dorsal medulla oblongata.
Medulla Oblongata ; Neuromyelitis Optica* ; Paralysis* ; Tongue*

Medial medullary syndrome is a clinical disorder charactenzed by ipsilateral paralysis of tongue and contralateral hemiparalysis and contralateral hemisensory disturbance of vibration or position but face sparing. The syndrome is ususlly due to lesion of medial medulla oblongata. Involved structures are pyramid, hypoglossal nucleus, medial lemniscus and/or medial longitudinal fasciculus. We present 1 case of medial medullary syndrome with MRI finding, which showed infarction of left medial medulla oblongata.
Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medulla Oblongata ; Paralysis ; Tongue ; Vibration

Solid hemangioblastomas of the medulla oblongata are benign vascular neoplasms located in a critical area. We experienced a case of solid hemangioblastoma originated in the medulla oblongata with the syrinx in the cervical spinal cord. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging provided precise anatomical location and radiologic features of the tumor, which facilitated its total removal. Cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders often complicate this type of surgery, and postoperative dysphagia is a frequent sequelae.
Deglutition Disorders ; Hemangioblastoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medulla Oblongata* ; Spinal Cord ; Vascular Neoplasms

The outcome and the rate of rebleeding of brainstem cavernous malformationss were analyzed following conservative treatment, microsurgical excision and Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS). We especially concentrated on the role of radiosurgery. We treated 39 patients with brainstem cavernous malformations using conservative treatment, microsurgical removal or GKS from April 1993 to November 2003. Follow up duration was 7 to 132 months (mean 45.8, median 30.6). The lesion location included pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata and cerebellarpeduncle. Conservative management was performed in 14 patients, GKS in 18 patients and microsurgical removal in 7 patients. The annual rate of rebleeding was 22.2% in conservative group and 22.7% in GKS group. Good and moderate outcome were obtained in 70% of conservative group, 75% of GKS group and 85.6% of surgical group. Overall mortality rate was 5.1%. Microsurgical excision tended to be resulted in good outcome. GKS and conservative managements were accompanied by a risk of recurrent bleeding, even death. There was no statistical difference in outcome and the rate of rebleeding between conservatively managed group and GKS treated group.
Brain Stem* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Medulla Oblongata ; Mesencephalon ; Mortality ; Pons ; Radiosurgery

A case changing blood pressure severely by manipulation of the huge tumor mass during the brain tumor surgery was observed. Decreased blood pressure (55/35 mmHg) might be caused by the stimulation of the brain increased to 150/75 mmHg after a neurosurgeon undermined and elevated the tomor mass, and blood pressure decreased again to 55/35 mmHg when he put it on the same position. Removing the mass completely, blood pressure was stabilized (about 130/70 mmHg). There are central vasomotor centers of autonomic nervous organization in the hypothalamus, midbrain, pons or medulla oblongata of the brain. By the stimulation of specific region in the above area, various features of responses were anatomically defined. The supratentorial contents may herniate through the tentorial incisura into the infratentorial spaces and posterior fossa, when intracranial pressure gradients become large enough to overcome the resistance of the brain tissue, and they can affect vital changes.
Blood Pressure* ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Hypothalamus ; Intracranial Pressure ; Medulla Oblongata ; Mesencephalon ; Pons

Neurenteric cyst(enterogenous cyst) is a rare congenital lesion, usually affecting the lower cervical or upper thoracic areas, and its occurrence in cranial vault is even rarer. We present a patient with intracranial neurenteric cyst anterior to the pons and medulla oblongata. A 40-year old man presented with two-month history of occipital headache and facial spasm. The cyst was decompressed via far lateral suboccipital approach, and the patient recovered without permanent neurological deficits. Features on imaging studies and histological findings are discussed with the review of the literatures.
Adult ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior* ; Headache ; Humans ; Medulla Oblongata ; Neural Tube Defects* ; Pons ; Spasm

PURPOSE: To describe MRI findings of multiple sclerosis involving the brainstem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 35 cases of clinically definite multiple sclerosis, the authors retrospectively analysed 20 in which the brainstem was involved. MR images were analysed with regard to involvement sites in the brainstem or other locations, signal intensity, multiplicity, shape, enhancement pattern, and contiguity of brainstem lesions with cisternal or ventricular CSF space. RESULTS: The brainstem was the only site of involvement in five cases (25%), while simultaneous involvement of the brainstem and other sites was observed in 15 cases (75%). No case involved only the midbrain or medulla oblongata, and simultaneous involvement of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata was noted in 12 cases (60%). The most frequently involved region of the brainstem was the medulla oblongata (n=18; 90%), followed by the pons (n=17; 85%) and the midbrain (n=16; 80%). Compared with normal white matter, brainstem lesions showed low signal intensity on T1 weighted images, and high signal intensity on T2 weighted, proton density weighted, and FLAIR images. In 17 cases (85%), multiple intensity was observed, and the shape of lesions varied: oval, round, elliptical, patchy, crescentic, confluent or amorphous areas were seen on axial MR images, and in 14 cases (82%), coronal or sagittal scanning showed that lesions were long and tubular. Contiguity between brainstem lesions and cisternal or ventricular CSF space was seen in all cases (100%) involving midbrain (16/16) and medulla oblongata (18/18) and in 15 of 17 (88%) involving the pons. Contrast enhancement was apparent in 7 of 12 cases (58%). CONCLUSION: In the brainstem, MRI demonstrated partial or total contiguity between lesions and cisternal or ventricular CSF space, and coronal or sagittal images showed that lesions were long and tubuler.
Brain Stem* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medulla Oblongata ; Mesencephalon ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Pons ; Protons ; Retrospective Studies

The term 'rhombencephalitis' refers to inflammatory diseases affecting the hindbrain. We experienced a case of rhombencephalitis in a 14 years old girl, who presented with fever, headache, and intractable hiccup for one week prior to admission. Brain MRI on admission showed bilateral high signal intensities in the dorsal portion of the medulla oblongata on T2WI and FLAIR. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed increased WBC count (33/mm3, Lymphocyte 81%), normal protein and glucose level. Immunoserologic study showed decreased C3, C4 level and increased Anti-ds DNA level. However, FANA was negative. The hiccup was controlled by administration of IVIG (1 g/kg/day for 2 days) and steroid (30 mg/kg/day for 3days) without any neurologic symptoms. We report a case with the brief review of related literatures.
Brain ; DNA ; Encephalitis ; Fever ; Glucose ; Headache ; Hiccup ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Lymphocytes ; Medulla Oblongata ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Rhombencephalon