The theories of Shushu in the literature of Qin and Han periods are reorganized and expositions of foreigner scholars about ancient way of thought are consulted, and compared with the recordation about the ebb-flow of ying-qi and the length of meridians in ancient medical books to probe into the relationship between Shushu and these recordation. It is found that the ebb-flow of ying-qi and the length of meridians are completely conform with the principle of Shushu, i. e. the ebb-flow degrees of ying-qi and the length of meridians all are deduced from Shushu for building the close inseparable response relation between nature and humans. Because Shushu can not be verified, modern scientific methods are not suitable to the study on the ebb-flow of ying-qi.
Humans ; Mathematics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Qi ; Yin-Yang

The traditional Chinese medicine property theory refers to a concept for medicines and their effects under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theories. The traditional Chinese medicine property theory studies the formation mechanism and the application regularity of traditional Chinese medicine properties, including four Qi, five flavors, meridian entry, direction of medicinal actions (upward, downward, outward and inward) and toxicity. Embryologically, the traditional Chinese medicine property theory is closely related to medicines and their effects and heavily influenced by philosophical thoughts such as yin-yang and five elements and comparative state, thereby showing complex characteristics. This mainly reflects in that: first, medical properties are formed from multiple sources, with non-unique determination approach in early stage and non-unique corresponding effects and actions; second, medical properties are expressed in multiple characteristics, with diverse representation indicators and factors influencing actual expressions. The modern studies on the traditional Chinese medicine property theory shall focus on these complex characteristics, give attention to the dialectical unity of medical properties and effects and look for individuality as well as generality.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Yin-Yang

The defensive function of defensive
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Qi

Checking of divergent meridians in the development course of meridian theories shows that these are remains of meridian theories of the eleven meridians model, expressing relation of yang meridians to zang-fu organs, and yin and yang meridians having a certain common characters, which are components of twelve meridians before Lingshu : Meridians. Modern expressions of meridian system confuse its relation with theory of twelve meridians in Lingshu : Meridians.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Yin-Yang

Child ; Humans ; Masturbation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Syndrome ; Yin-Yang

In the present paper the authors explore the differences in both theoretical and clinical significance between centripetal mode and cyclical mode which are the two modes of channel theories presented successively, from the following factors: (1) The centripetal mode focus on the regularity in the distant effects of acupoints on four limbs and embodies the primary meaning of hand-foot meridians, the cyclical mode explains qi-blood circulation mode and reflects the TCM knowledge of the principle of the coordination from structure and function of the whole body; (2) Most formation of channels and acupoints is based on the centripetal mode in stead of the cyclical mode; (3) The key reasons resulted in the major academic mistake in current research on channel knowledge are unknown or confusion of the different channel mode, under illusion about the cyclical mode is the subject or representative of channel theory and explaining or research on channels and acupoints within the framework of the cyclical mode of channels theory.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Models, Theoretical ; Qi

OBJECTIVETo describe physiology of channels and circulation of qi and blood from the point of view of mechanics.

METHODSThe equation of no compressive normal Newtonian fluid electric osmotic motion are solved by using numerical value method.

RESULTSThe results of numerical value calculation show that the flow rate of fluid of channel lines is confirm to the migration velocity of middle-small molecules in literature. When the osmotic coefficient of blood vessel wall and blood pressure of the end of artery changes, the flow rate of qi will correspondingly change, which is confirm with the physiologic reaction at acupuncture. If the static pressure of the channel lines and the inflow condition are changed, it can explain the theory of qi stagnation and blood stasis, and flow of qi inducing blood circulation.

CONCLUSIONBy using the equation of electric osmotic flow, the theory of traditional Chinese medicine can be explained, which is conducive to understanding the conduction phenomena of electric wave and electric current of channels and collaterals.

To investigate the mechanism of meridians in circulating qi and blood and its role in medical model of TCM. To clarify the cell model of meridian structure formation and the significance in both its mechanism of regulating qi and blood and TCM model formation, by using the result of modern life science researches. With its unique mechanism formation and through its organizational structure, the meridian structure manages to regulate the state of qi and blood circulation in the tissues and organs by affecting the bio-activity and the specific bio-active substance transmission of mast cells, which also plays an important role in the medical model formation of TCM.
Blood Circulation ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Models, Biological ; Qi

To search ancient literature and Chinese medicine references, consult the modern humanities research achievement, and discuss the meridians theories such as "going and coming", "going along and against", "acupuncture method of reinforcing and reducing", and "deficiency and excess" etc. the results show that the ancient's space and time idea, meridian qi moving are manifested in meridian theory, and play an important role in "the unity of heaven and humanity". The pulse and circulation of meridian qi can be checked by the method of "waiting for qi arriving", and the acupuncture method of reinforcing and reducing is applied due to the "waiting for qi arriving", in order to promote qi in line with time. Nowadays, compared with ancient method, the acupuncture method of reinforcing and reducing in teaching material is lack of the time factor.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Qi

In this paper, the authors trace back to the historic source of deqi and needling sensation, and probe the misunderstanding course of the feeling of sourness, numbness, distension, aching or heaviness used as synonym of deqi, and explore and introduce the modern significance and experimental studies of deqi. Although there are arguments in relationship between the feeling of sourness, numbness, distension, aching or heaviness after acupuncture and effect of acupuncture at home and abroad, in fact, this is a misunderstanding of needling sensation replacing deqi. Sometimes acupuncture possibly does not induce sourness, numbness, distension, aching or heaviness, but it also induces patient's comfortable sensation and at the same time acupuncture practitioners possibly have a sensation under the hand, which is at the state of deqi. The two states will be detected by fMRI in experimental studies, so as to have indexes to be followed for deqi or needling sensation.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Qi