This paper introduce how to combining the whole package automatic dispensing machine with intelligent storage cabinets at outpatient pharmacy. Furthermore, this paper introduce how to integrated this system with hospital information systems which can provide references for the construction of automatic hospital pharmacy in our country.
Automation ; methods ; Hospitals, General ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital

OBJECTIVES: Studies examining healthcare workers' exposure to antineoplastic drugs have focused on the drug preparation or drug administration areas. However, such an approach has probably underestimated the overall exposure risk as the drugs need to be delivered to the facility, transported internally and then disposed. The objective of this study is to determine whether drug contamination occurs throughout a facility and, simultaneously, to identify those job categories that are potentially exposed. METHODS: This was a multi-site study based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Interviews were conducted to determine the departments where the drugs travel. Subsequent site observations were performed to ascertain those surfaces which frequently came into contact with antineoplastic drugs and to determine the job categories which are likely to contact these surfaces. Wipe samples were collected to quantify surface contamination. RESULTS: Surface contamination was found in all six stages of the hospital medication system. Job categories consistently found to be at risk of exposure were nurses, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy receivers. Up to 11 job categories per site may be at risk of exposure at some point during the hospital medication system. CONCLUSION: We found drug contamination on select surfaces at every stage of the medication system, which indicates the existence of an exposure potential throughout the facility. Our results suggest that a broader range of workers are potentially exposed than has been previously examined. These results will allow us to develop a more inclusive exposure assessment encompassing all healthcare workers that are at risk throughout the hospital medication system.
Antineoplastic Agents ; British Columbia ; Delivery of Health Care ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Contamination ; Humans ; Medication Systems ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; Occupational Exposure ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy ; Porphyrins

This article develops a system of intelligent atomization which can shorten the time for the preparation of the clinical atomization and avoid mistakes. The system will enable patients enjoy the treatment right after swiping their ID cards.
Artificial Intelligence ; Automation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Software Design

PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine current status of IT-based medication error prevention system construction and the relationships among system construction, medication error management climate and perception for system use. METHODS: The participants were 124 patient safety chief managers working for 124 hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea. The characteristics of the participants, construction status and perception of systems (electric pharmacopoeia, electric drug dosage calculation system, computer-based patient safety reporting and bar-code system) and medication error management climate were measured in this study. The data were collected between June and August 2011. Descriptive statistics, partial Pearson correlation and MANCOVA were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Electric pharmacopoeia were constructed in 67.7% of participating hospitals, computer-based patient safety reporting systems were constructed in 50.8%, electric drug dosage calculation systems were in use in 32.3%. Bar-code systems showed up the lowest construction rate at 16.1% of Korean hospitals. Higher rates of construction of IT-based medication error prevention systems resulted in greater safety and a more positive error management climate prevailed. CONCLUSION: The supportive strategies for improving perception for use of IT-based systems would add to system construction, and positive error management climate would be more easily promoted.
Adult ; Female ; Health Personnel/*psychology ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Order Entry Systems ; Medication Errors/*prevention & control ; Medication Systems, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Perception ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Safety Management/statistics & numerical data ; User-Computer Interface

INTRODUCTIONThis paper aims to illustrate the use of computer simulation in evaluating the impact of a prototype automated dispensing system on waiting time in an outpatient pharmacy and its potential as a routine tool in pharmacy management.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA discrete event simulation model was developed to investigate the impact of a prototype automated dispensing system on operational efficiency and service standards in an outpatient pharmacy.

RESULTSThe simulation results suggest that automating the prescription-filing function using a prototype that picks and packs at 20 seconds per item will not assist the pharmacy in achieving the waiting time target of 30 minutes for all patients. Regardless of the state of automation, to meet the waiting time target, 2 additional pharmacists are needed to overcome the process bottleneck at the point of medication dispense. However, if the automated dispensing is the preferred option, the speed of the system needs to be twice as fast as the current configuration to facilitate the reduction of the 95th percentile patient waiting time to below 30 minutes. The faster processing speed will concomitantly allow the pharmacy to reduce the number of pharmacy technicians from 11 to 8.

CONCLUSIONSimulation was found to be a useful and low cost method that allows an otherwise expensive and resource intensive evaluation of new work processes and technology to be completed within a short time.

Ambulatory Care ; Automation ; Computer Simulation ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; organization & administration ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital ; standards ; Singapore ; Time Factors

The establishment of clinical safety monitoring net of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection is the one of the key issues of the monitoring work. The monitoring net is including varieties of types of net, such as clinical monitoring net, multimedia network platform, the net of experts or talents. The paper will introduce the establishing method of clinical safety monitoring net, the establishing of clinical safety monitoring net, and the establishing of network based on the internet, the knowledge network construction of experts, the net construction of talents are all included, to assure the development for clinical safety monitoring work.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; standards ; Humans ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; standards

Hospital centralized monitoring is an important method to adverse drug reaction (ADR) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection. Nowadays, our hospital centralized monitoring to TCM injection is difficult to carry out normally, because of little attention that the medical staffs pay to, poor professional knowledge of researchers, unsound reporting system, unreasonable organization structures of ADR and so on. We hope to establish a quality control system of hospital centralized monitoring to TCM injection, by means of emphasizing the importance of ADR monitoring to TCM injection, establishing and perfecting the management mechanism, strengthening staff member training, building the four-steps inspecting rule, implementing barcode monitoring, to strengthen safety supervision of TCM injection, guarantee medication safety.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; standards ; Humans ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; standards ; Quality Control

Allergic reactions to medications are increasing not only in patients but also in medical practitioner. Objectives: 1) Finding out prevalence of drug allergy in Bach Mai hospital staffs and listed medications caused allergic reactions. 2) Comparison some aspects of drug allergy between the health staffs and other groups. 3, Study on clinical symptoms of drug allergy and bring forward views. Subjects: 215 physicians, pharmacists, nurses, techniciants of Bach Mai Hospital and 200 staffs with other jobs. Method: Cross-sectional comparative surveys. Results: The prevalence of allergic reaction in health staffs is higher and these ones had more likely to have drug allergy by 2.5 times compared with other occupational groups. Almost all medications used in clinical practice can cause allergic reactions to the health staffs. Antibiotics were major cause and allergic reactions to familiar beta-lactams happened in the health staffs via contact. Main clinical symptoms of drug allergy were urticaria, prurigo, vomitting, nause and erythema with 3 main syndromes: urticaria, quincke edema and allergic dermatitis. Allergic reactions in health staffs of hospital are needed to pay more attention. Conclusion: the prevalence of drug allergy in Bach Mai Hospital staffs is high and these subjects should be protected from this condition.
Hypersensitivity ; Medication Systems ; Medical Staff

The cardiovascular circulation feedback control treatment instrument (CFCTI) is an automatic feedback control treatment system, which has the function of monitoring, alarming, trouble self-diagnosis and testing on the line in the closed loop. The instrument is designed based on the successful clinical experiences and the data are inputted into the computer in real-time through a pressure sensor and A/D card. User interface window is set up for the doctor's choosing different medicine. The orders are outputted to control the dose of medicine through the transfusion system. The response to medicine is updated continually. CFCTI can avoid the man-made errors and the long interval of sampling. Its reliability and accuracy in rescuing the critical patients are much higher than the traditional methods.
Automation ; instrumentation ; Cardiovascular System ; Feedback ; Medication Systems

OBJECTIVE: To identify the technical considerations in implementing a barcode-based medication system and propose practical solutions for successful implementation of the system. In order to reduce medical errors related to medication and blood transfusion, we analyze various factors that hinder the successful implementation of the barcode-based medication system and discuss issues involved in the effective adoption of such a system. METHODS: The barcode-based medication system of this research uses one-dimensional, barcode bands on patients' wrists and two-dimensional barcodes attached to drug bags and blood bags. PDAs with barcode reading capability and wireless networking function are used, which enables Point of Care. The business process for applying the developed system and the current status of the system usage are analyzed. RESULTS: The factors causing a variety of system failures in the demonstration and pilot periods were identified and categorized as including PDA malfunction, PDA battery discharge due to users' carelessness, confusion in reading barcodes and so on. CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that the analyzed obstructive factors and the proposed technical considerations addressed in this paper can help other hospitals implement similar barcode-based medication systems successfully. Ultimately, this research will contribute to reducing medical errors and improving quality of patient care.
Adoption ; Blood Transfusion ; Commerce ; Medical Errors ; Medication Errors ; Medication Systems ; Patient Care ; Wrist