This paper introduce how to combining the whole package automatic dispensing machine with intelligent storage cabinets at outpatient pharmacy. Furthermore, this paper introduce how to integrated this system with hospital information systems which can provide references for the construction of automatic hospital pharmacy in our country.
Automation ; methods ; Hospitals, General ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital

This article develops a system of intelligent atomization which can shorten the time for the preparation of the clinical atomization and avoid mistakes. The system will enable patients enjoy the treatment right after swiping their ID cards.
Artificial Intelligence ; Automation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Software Design

OBJECTIVES: Studies examining healthcare workers' exposure to antineoplastic drugs have focused on the drug preparation or drug administration areas. However, such an approach has probably underestimated the overall exposure risk as the drugs need to be delivered to the facility, transported internally and then disposed. The objective of this study is to determine whether drug contamination occurs throughout a facility and, simultaneously, to identify those job categories that are potentially exposed. METHODS: This was a multi-site study based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Interviews were conducted to determine the departments where the drugs travel. Subsequent site observations were performed to ascertain those surfaces which frequently came into contact with antineoplastic drugs and to determine the job categories which are likely to contact these surfaces. Wipe samples were collected to quantify surface contamination. RESULTS: Surface contamination was found in all six stages of the hospital medication system. Job categories consistently found to be at risk of exposure were nurses, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy receivers. Up to 11 job categories per site may be at risk of exposure at some point during the hospital medication system. CONCLUSION: We found drug contamination on select surfaces at every stage of the medication system, which indicates the existence of an exposure potential throughout the facility. Our results suggest that a broader range of workers are potentially exposed than has been previously examined. These results will allow us to develop a more inclusive exposure assessment encompassing all healthcare workers that are at risk throughout the hospital medication system.
Antineoplastic Agents ; British Columbia ; Delivery of Health Care ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Contamination ; Humans ; Medication Systems ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; Occupational Exposure ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy ; Porphyrins

INTRODUCTIONThis paper aims to illustrate the use of computer simulation in evaluating the impact of a prototype automated dispensing system on waiting time in an outpatient pharmacy and its potential as a routine tool in pharmacy management.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA discrete event simulation model was developed to investigate the impact of a prototype automated dispensing system on operational efficiency and service standards in an outpatient pharmacy.

RESULTSThe simulation results suggest that automating the prescription-filing function using a prototype that picks and packs at 20 seconds per item will not assist the pharmacy in achieving the waiting time target of 30 minutes for all patients. Regardless of the state of automation, to meet the waiting time target, 2 additional pharmacists are needed to overcome the process bottleneck at the point of medication dispense. However, if the automated dispensing is the preferred option, the speed of the system needs to be twice as fast as the current configuration to facilitate the reduction of the 95th percentile patient waiting time to below 30 minutes. The faster processing speed will concomitantly allow the pharmacy to reduce the number of pharmacy technicians from 11 to 8.

CONCLUSIONSimulation was found to be a useful and low cost method that allows an otherwise expensive and resource intensive evaluation of new work processes and technology to be completed within a short time.

Ambulatory Care ; Automation ; Computer Simulation ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; organization & administration ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital ; standards ; Singapore ; Time Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine current status of IT-based medication error prevention system construction and the relationships among system construction, medication error management climate and perception for system use. METHODS: The participants were 124 patient safety chief managers working for 124 hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea. The characteristics of the participants, construction status and perception of systems (electric pharmacopoeia, electric drug dosage calculation system, computer-based patient safety reporting and bar-code system) and medication error management climate were measured in this study. The data were collected between June and August 2011. Descriptive statistics, partial Pearson correlation and MANCOVA were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Electric pharmacopoeia were constructed in 67.7% of participating hospitals, computer-based patient safety reporting systems were constructed in 50.8%, electric drug dosage calculation systems were in use in 32.3%. Bar-code systems showed up the lowest construction rate at 16.1% of Korean hospitals. Higher rates of construction of IT-based medication error prevention systems resulted in greater safety and a more positive error management climate prevailed. CONCLUSION: The supportive strategies for improving perception for use of IT-based systems would add to system construction, and positive error management climate would be more easily promoted.
Adult ; Female ; Health Personnel/*psychology ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Order Entry Systems ; Medication Errors/*prevention & control ; Medication Systems, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Perception ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Safety Management/statistics & numerical data ; User-Computer Interface

The establishment of clinical safety monitoring net of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection is the one of the key issues of the monitoring work. The monitoring net is including varieties of types of net, such as clinical monitoring net, multimedia network platform, the net of experts or talents. The paper will introduce the establishing method of clinical safety monitoring net, the establishing of clinical safety monitoring net, and the establishing of network based on the internet, the knowledge network construction of experts, the net construction of talents are all included, to assure the development for clinical safety monitoring work.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; standards ; Humans ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; standards

Hospital centralized monitoring is an important method to adverse drug reaction (ADR) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection. Nowadays, our hospital centralized monitoring to TCM injection is difficult to carry out normally, because of little attention that the medical staffs pay to, poor professional knowledge of researchers, unsound reporting system, unreasonable organization structures of ADR and so on. We hope to establish a quality control system of hospital centralized monitoring to TCM injection, by means of emphasizing the importance of ADR monitoring to TCM injection, establishing and perfecting the management mechanism, strengthening staff member training, building the four-steps inspecting rule, implementing barcode monitoring, to strengthen safety supervision of TCM injection, guarantee medication safety.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; standards ; Humans ; Medication Systems, Hospital ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; standards ; Quality Control