INTRODUCTION: Unregulated biomedical waste management is an emerging public health problem in the Philippines. This study aimed to differentiate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses and medical technologists toward biomedical waste management. METHODS: Using an analytic cross-sectional study design, an online survey of nurses and medical technologists from hospitals around the Philippines was conducted. A 27-item questionnaire covering knowledge, attitudes and practices was used. The percentages of correct answers and mean scores in each domain was compared between the nurses and medical technologists. RESULTS: A total of 196 respondents consisting of 77 registered nurses and 119 medical technologists were included in the study. Medical technologists had significantly better knowledge scores than nurses on disposal procedures for expired blood units and by-products waste (55% vs. 19%, p = 0.026). Both had low correct responses on adequate disposal of human tissue remains, throwing blood waste into domestic waste, and throwing of expired medications in domestic waste. There was no significant difference in the attitude of nurses and medical technologists. Nurses had significantly better practice scores on disposal of liquid waste in bags (84.4% vs. 68.9, p = 0.018), but medical technologists fared better at disposal of human tissue together with other waste (13.0% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Both nurses and medical technologists had adequate knowledge of some aspects but were lacking in others. There was no significant difference in the attitude of nurses and medical technologists towards biomedical waste management. Half of the respondents practiced proper biomedical waste management.
Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Waste Management ; Knowledge ; Attitude

Background: The coronavirus disease, also known as COVID-19, is a highly contagious disease caused by a new strain of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Medical technologists, along with doctors and nurses, are also heroes in the fight against the virus as they risk their own health in order to collect and analyze specimens for the diagnosis of the disease. However, they face numerous challenges along the way. Objectives: This study aimed to better understand the difficulties of medical technologists assigned to collect COVID-19 specimen in tertiary hospitals or laboratories in Metro Manila, Philippines. Methodology: Utilizing the qualitative case study design, the researchers interviewed 14 medical technologists and examined the data according to Colaizzi's method which consisted of grouping and categorizing relevant remarks before formulating themes. Findings: The researchers were able to formulate the following themes: (1) patient-related challenges, namely, attitude, age, health status, and communication; (2) physical challenges, namely, fatigue, work hours, number of patients, and the use of personal protective equipment; (3) environmental challenges, namely, collection setting, temperature, and exposure to the virus; (4) resource challenges, namely, supplies and human resources; and (5) psychological challenges, namely, fear, anxiety, and emotional fatigue. Conclusion The study was able to analyze the obstacles faced by COVID-19 specimen collectors in order to give a means of hearing from and comprehending their viewpoints. This shows the importance of performing regular reviews of healthcare workers to ensure their safety. Medical technologists and their supervisors should be able to communicate effectively in order to improve current standards and procedures.
Medical Laboratory Personnel ; COVID-19 ; Specimen Handling ; Case Reports

A microscopic examination of an appropriately prepared and well-stained blood smear by a knowledgeable laboratory professional is necessary and clinically useful in a number of circumstances and for a variety of reasons. In this article, an attempt is made to delineate the purpose and criteria for blood smear examination in a variety of circumstances that are encountered in everyday laboratory hematology practice. A blood smear scan serves to at least (a) verify the flagged automated hematology results and (b) determine if a manual differential leukocyte count needs to be performed. Blood smear examination/manual differential leukocyte count with complete blood count (CBC) provides the complete hematologic picture of the case, at least from the morphologic standpoint. Blood smear review with or without interpretation serves to ensure that no clinically significant finding is missed, besides providing diagnosis or diagnostic clue(s), particularly if and when interpreted by a physician.
Blood Cell Count ; Hematologic Tests/*methods ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/cytology ; Medical Laboratory Personnel/standards

PURPOSE: This study is a descriptive research comparing the awareness of medical residents' power style, communication type and organizational effectiveness in nurses and technologists. METHODS: A standardized survey questionnaire was sent to 288 nurses, 85 radiological technologists, and 107 medical technologists working at 4 university hospitals in a metropolitan area. Collected data were analyzed using statistical methods including 2-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: There was a noticeable difference between the nurses and the technologists in their awareness of medical residents' power style and communication type. Power style and communication type correlates significantly with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. When residents exercised coercive power, downward communication took place between the residents and nurses and technologists. It also affected the overall amount of communication, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. CONCLUSION: To ensure active communication between medical residents and other allied health professionals and to promote mutually satisfying relationships, open and active communication channels should be provided. Communication skills training for every member of a hospital organization is needed to encourage effective horizontal communication.
Health Occupations ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) has been providing a nationwide, one-day training program for workers of hospital blood centers once a year since 2013. We evaluated the achievement levels of the program through surveys. METHODS: The survey was conducted immediately after the program in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Respondents' occupations, institutions, program contents, and operational aspects were asked. RESULTS: The response rate was 56.2%∼73.2%. The occupations of respondents were medical technologists 66.9%∼75.7%, nurses 16.1%∼22.1%, and others (administrators, et al.) 1.5%∼11.3%. About 86.1%∼88.2% of respondents answered that the program as a whole was satisfactory or very satisfactory; 88.9%∼94.7% thought that it is necessary or very necessary; 77.9%∼84.1% answered that the appropriate length of the program was one day; 53.8%∼69.1% answered that the appropriate number of program is once per year; and 23.4%∼53.8% or 40.3%∼61.4% answered that the appropriate season for the program by the KCDC should be the first or the second quarter, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the training program plays a useful role in meeting the needs of workers for hospital blood centers.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)* ; Education* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Occupations ; Seasons ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Adult ; Brucellosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratories ; standards ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Occupational Exposure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the phenomenon of accidental splashes and sprays from manipulation of recombinant virus material and to measure the approximate spilled distance when recombinant virus material inadvertently dropped in the biosafety laboratory.

METHODSfirst, two groups owning different experience simulated the course of accidental spills and splashes by recombinant adenovirus (rADV) which expressed green fluorescence protein (GFP), the GFP signal were observed in 96 well cell plate after spills appeared; Second, the routine two heights (75 cm and 110 cm) and capacity (1 ml, 1.5 ml, 4 ml and 8 ml) of virus were chose to simulate the experiment of unexpected dropping.

RESULTSFirst, the positive quantity of the first group owning 5 years' experience is much less than the second group owning 2 years' work experience, the former was 7 positive wells, the latter was 81 positive when they used the pipette to operation. Second, when the unclosed test tubes (1 ml, 1.5 ml, 4 ml and 8 ml recombinant virus) inadvertently dropped, the largest spill distance was 0.92 m, 1.57 m, 2.63 m and2.68 m respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe better experience is important to make sure safety when we make infectious material; the contaminated distance increased with the amount of recombinant virus material.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; standards ; Safety Management ; Virology ; manpower ; methods ; standards

Adult ; Animal Experimentation ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to provide prerequisites for accreditation of medical genetics training program and certification process for medical genetics professionals as clinical specialist and set up guidelines on curriculum of medical genetics training program in Korea. METHODS: Six ad hoc committees for clinical geneticist, clinical cytogeneticist, clinical molecular geneticist, clinical biochemical geneticist, medical genetics technologists and genetic counselors were organized for reviewing current status in Korea as well as foreign countries. Each committee is composed of 6-8 members. They summarized their opinions according to the structured questionnaire inquiring the ways of accrediting training program, qualification of program director, trainee requirements, contents of curriculum, duration of training program, certification process, estimation of numbers of each specialist needed in next 5 years in Korea. RESULTS: Both prerequisites for the accreditation of medical geneticist training institutions and qualification of program director are suggested. Candidacy of trainees requires MD with board of medical specialty, or PhD degree with professional experiences in related field except clinical genetics program which only accepts MD with board of medical specialty, and Non-MD genetic counselor and medical technologists with degrees of BS or MS. General duration of fellowship will be 2-3 years depending on the categories they are enrolled into. Contents of curriculum for each speciality training are described. For the certification of each category, the candidacy should submit a log book detailing the cases they experienced during the fellowship, prove that they successfully completed course work and clinical experiences in the accredited program, and pass the written examination. CONCLUSION: As medical genetics becomes more important in daily routine clinical practice, the accreditation of medical genetics training program and certification of personnel are urgently needed. In this regard, the study will be providing guidelines and prerequisites for accreditation of medical genetics training program and certification process for medical genetics professionals as clinical specialist.
Accreditation ; Certification* ; Counseling ; Curriculum ; Education* ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Genetics ; Genetics, Medical* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Specialization* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: The propose of this study was to identify the level of medical technologists' perception of and compliance with hospital infection control guidelines. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted for 65 medical technologists working at three university hospitals in Seoul and Kyunggi areas. The questionnaire was composed of 34 questions on the general characteristics (14 items) of individual responders and about infection control guidelines (20 items). Their response was marked on the basis of 5 points for each question. RESULTS: The mean scores of the perception of and compliance with the infection control guidelines were 4.62+/-0.34 and 3.85+/-0.42, respectively. The female technologists scored significantly higher than did the male counterparts in the participation level of the infection control guidelines (P<0.05). The medical technologists who had participated in an infection control educational program were more likely than those who had not to show a higher compliance level on the infection control guidelines (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the development of infection control educational programs for medical technologists and a supportive policy of the hospital administration should contribute to the prevention of nosocomial infections.
Compliance* ; Cross Infection* ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospital Administration ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Male ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires