Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is one of the surgical techniques used to correct mandibular deformities. In order to prevent many surgical anatomical problems, we observed the anatomical structures related to SSRO. In dry mandibles of Koreans, lingular tips were located somewhat posteriorly and superiorly on the mandibular ramus. On the coronal sections of mandible, the mean cortical width of facial cortex was increased toward the ramus region while the lingual cortex was thinnest in the ramus region. On the same sections, all the fusion points of the buccal and lingual cortical plate were located above the mandibular lingula and beneath the mandibular notch. So, performing the SSRO on Koreans, medial horizontal osteotomy should be done through the superior aspect of the mandibular lingula. The cut line is extended 5-8 mm posterior to the mandibular lingula to preserve sufficient cortical width to strengthen the involved osseous segments and reduce possible surgical complications.
Anatomy, Artistic ; Human ; Human ; Mandible/surgery* ; Mandible/anatomy & histology* ; Medical Illustration ; Osteotomy/methods*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We experimented with different ablation methods and two types of microwave antennas to determine whether microwave ablation (MWA) increases intrahepatic pressure and to identify an MWA protocol that avoids increasing intrahepatic pressure. METHODS: MWA was performed using either a single-step standard ablation or a stepwise increment ablation paired with either a 16-gauge (G) 2-cm antenna or a 14G 4-cm antenna. We compared the maximum pressures and total ablation volumes. RESULTS: The mean maximum intrahepatic pressures and ablation volumes were as follows: 16G single-step: 37+/-33.4 mm Hg and 4.63 cm3; 16G multistep: 31+/-18.7 mm Hg and 3.75 cm3; 14G single-step: 114+/-45.4 mm Hg and 15.33 cm3; and 14G multistep: 106+/-43.8 mm Hg and 10.98 cm3. The intrahepatic pressure rose during MWA, but there were no statistically significant differences between the single and multistep methods when the same gauge antennae were used. The total ablation volume was different only in the 14G groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated an increase in intrahepatic pressure during MWA. The multistep method may be used to prevent increased intrahepatic pressure after applying the proper power.
Ablation Techniques/instrumentation/*methods ; Animals ; Cattle ; Liver/*physiology/surgery ; Medical Illustration ; *Microwaves ; Models, Animal ; *Pressure

Crohn's disease can neither be cured by surgery nor by medical therapy. Surgical therapy of recurrent Crohn's disease requires special precautions. The recurrence rate is 60% after 15 years. There are no certain data of the risk factors influencing the recurrence rate. The only clear facts are that wide resection out of the resection margins and smoking negatively influence recurrence. Hence, the major principles of therapy is a minimally-resected surgery. This mainly concerns strictures and stenosis. Strictures should be treated by stricturoplasty and stenosis by limited resection with Crohn-free resection margins. Just in case of interenteric and enterocutanous with a concomitant short bowel syndrome, in blind-ending fistulas with an abscess or in enterovesical fistulas, we recommend immediate operation. The therapy of recurrent anorectal Crohn's disease underlies the same rules as primary therapy. If necessary, proctectomy remains the last option. Also, emergency surgery in recurrent Crohn's disease follows the same rules as in elective surgery.
Crohn Disease/surgery* ; Human ; Medical Illustration ; Recurrence ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/trends*

Transhiatal gastric transposition was performed in a long gap esophageal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula. The patient was a 12 months old female infant with previous stamm-type gastrostomy. The stomach was mobilized preserving the right gastric artery, the right gastroepiploic artery and spleen. The proximal and distal blind pouches of esophagus were excised by transcervical and transhiatal route, respectively. The mobilized stomach was pulled up into the neck through esophageal hiatus and posterior mediastinal route. The esophagogastrostomy, the only one anastomosis of this procedure, was safely performed in the neck. There were neither anastomotic leak nor early anastomotic stricture. The oral feeding was quickly established. There was no clinical evidence of regurgitation, difficulty of gastric emptying, hoarseness or respiratory problem. The low morbidity combined with satisfactory functional result indicates that the transhiatal gastric transposition is a safe and easy alternative surgical procedure for esophageal replacement in long gap esophageal atresia.
Case Report ; Esophageal Atresia/radiography/*surgery ; Female ; Gastrostomy ; Human ; Infant ; Medical Illustration ; Reoperation ; Stomach/radiography/*surgery

In order to improve the effect and efficiency of the reconstructed image after hybrid volume rendering of different kinds of volume data from medical sequential slices or polygonal models, we propose a hybrid volume rendering method based on Shear-Warp with economical hardware. First, the hybrid volume data are pre-processed by Z-Buffer method and RLE (Run-Length Encoded) data structure. Then, during the process of compositing intermediate image, a resampling method based on the dual-interpolation and the intermediate slice interpolation methods is used to improve the efficiency and the effect. Finally, the reconstructed image is rendered by the texture-mapping technology of OpenGL. Experiments demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method.
Algorithms ; Computer Graphics ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Medical Illustration ; Models, Anatomic ; Phantoms, Imaging

Since its introduction into clinical practice in the 1980s, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been described as a good imaging modality for the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary diseases. However, differential diagnosis of certain lesions based only on B-mode ultrasound images can be challenging. Clinical use of ultrasound contrast agents has expanded the utility of EUS from that of detection to characterization of pancreatobiliary lesions based on the enhancement features of contrast-enhanced EUS (CE-EUS). Current low mechanical index techniques for CE-EUS using second-generation contrast agents have a number of distinct advantages over conventional diagnostic modalities in evaluating pancreatobiliary lesions, including real-time assessment of perfusion pattern, availability, and the absence of exposure to radiation. This article describes the technical aspects of CE-EUS and reviews the expanding indications in pancreatobiliary diseases and further development of this technique.
Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnosis/*ultrasonography ; *Contrast Media ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endosonography/*methods ; Humans ; Medical Illustration ; Pancreatic Diseases/diagnosis/*ultrasonography

Natural-orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) using flexible endoscopy has attracted attention as a minimally invasive surgical method that does not cause an operative wound on the body surface. However, minimizing the number of devices involved in endoscopic, compared to laparoscopic, surgeries has remained a challenge, causing endoscopic surgeries to gradually be phased out of use. If a flexible endoscopic full-thickness suturing device and a counter-traction device were developed to expand the surgical field for gastrointestinal-tract collapse, then endoscopic full-thickness resection using NOTES, which is seen as an extension of endoscopic submucosal dissection for full-thickness excision of tumors involving the gastrointestinal-tract wall, might become an extremely minimally invasive surgical method that could be used to resect only full-thickness lesions approached by the shortest distance via the mouth. It is expected that gastroenterological endoscopists will use this surgery if device development is advanced. This extremely minimally invasive surgery would have an immeasurable impact with regard to mitigating the burden on patients and reducing healthcare costs. Development of a new surgical method using a multipurpose flexible endoscope is therefore considered a socially urgent issue.
Dissection/economics/instrumentation/*methods ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Medical Illustration ; Mouth ; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/economics/instrumentation/*methods ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract/*surgery

Since the introduction of pancreas transplantation more than 40 years ago, surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regiments have improved and both have contributed to increase the number and success rate of this procedure. However, graft survival corresponds to early diagnosis of organ-related complications. Thus, knowledge of the transplantation procedure and postoperative image anatomy are basic requirements for radiologists. In this article, we demonstrate the imaging spectrum of pancreas transplantation with enteric exocrine drainage.
Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical/methods ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Drainage/methods ; Female ; Graft Rejection/pathology ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Iliac Artery/radiography/surgery ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; *Medical Illustration ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior/radiography/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas/*blood supply/radiography ; Pancreas Transplantation/adverse effects/*methods ; Pancreatitis, Graft/etiology ; Portal Vein/radiography/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/radiography ; Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology ; Survival Rate

The corresponding author of the study has been sketching comic strips to explain anatomy in a humorous manner. All the anatomy comic strips, including those in Korean (650 episodes) and English (451 episodes), can be viewed on the homepage (http://anatomy.co.kr). Such comic strips were created with the aim of assisting medical students. However, their impact was unknown, and therefore, we surveyed the students' responses. We noted that anatomy grades were better in the students who read the comic strips. The comics helped the trainees chat with individuals with and without a medical background. The authors also considered comments on the problems with the comic strips and attempted to find solutions. The episodes are being currently used and further produced for educational purposes. To support this effort, the readers' valuable opinions will be continuously collected and assessed.
Anatomy, Artistic ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In this paper, we describe a study on visualization of SW atlases. Firstly, data structures in axial, coronal and sagittal directions are generated by SW atlases' raw data after pre-processing. Secondly, we produce 3D SW atlases through setting gray intensity and spaces between slices. Thirdly, we integrate the atlas into the neurosurgery navigation system and realize the visualization of SW atlases. Finally, we realize brain anatomy structures labeling and real-time display in neurosurgery navigation system.
Anatomy, Artistic ; Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Neuronavigation ; methods ; Neurosurgery ; methods