The pneumomediastinum after a dental treatment occurs rarely and shows almost good prognosis, however it is potentially life-threatening complication. Here we report a case of pneumomediastinum, occurred by air bubbles originated from dental high speed equipment, via head and neck fascial space with literatures review.
Dental High-Speed Equipment ; Head ; Mediastinal Diseases ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Neck ; Prognosis ; Subcutaneous Emphysema

Mediastinal parathyroid cyst is a very rare disease and is usually found incidentally. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and recurrence is very rare when complete excision is done. A 71-year-old man was referred to our department because of 6x5cm sized right superior mediastinal mass found incidentally on chest X-ray. Surgical excision was performed and pathologic findings were confirmed as mediastinal parathyroid cyst. The patient has been followed up postoperatively without recurrence for 4 months up to now. We report a case of mediastinal parathyroid cyst.
Aged ; Humans ; Mediastinal Cyst ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Thorax

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 672 cases of VATS. There were 17 thoracic diseases such as emphysema, bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax, massive bullae, benign tumor of mediastinum, cyst of mediastinum, pulmonary benign tumors, hydropericardium, malignant pleural fluid, etc. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 57 minutes and there were no intraoperative complications. The bleeding during the operation was less than 100 mL. Postoperative pneumothorax occurred in 4 patients and among them 2 patients were of relapse after 1 month. The intrathoracic drain in most patients was removed with an average of 2. 5 days. A supplementary incision was needed in 10 cases: Six were due to the adhesion of full pleural cavity and 4 were found with the malignant tumor during the operation. CONCLUSION VATS is an alternative approach that provides a safe, less invasive, and effective operation for treating spontaneous pneumothorax, benign tumor of mediastinum, cyst of mediastinum, pulmonary benign tumors, pericardial perfusion, and acute chest trauma patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emphysema ; surgery ; Female ; Hemopneumothorax ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; surgery ; Lung Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Mediastinal Diseases ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Treatment Outcome

Pericardial cyst is an uncommon congenital mediastinal tumor. The majority of pericardial cysts are located in the right cardiophrenic angle, but rarely they can be located intrapericardially. We now present a case of a huge intrapericardial pericardial cyst excised with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
Mediastinal Cyst ; Mediastinal Diseases ; Pericardium ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted

Pneumatosis intestinalis or spontaneous pneumomediastinum are rarely associated with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). However, the development of both conditions in the same patient simultaneously has not been reported previously. A 56-year-old man with NSIP developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema and pneumatosis intestinalis after the treatment with intravenous high dose steroid. The development of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumatosis intestinalis in this patient was possibly due to the factors such as NSIP, high dose steroid therapy and subclinical dermatomyositis. Treatment with corticosteroid and cyclosporin gradually improved his exacerbated NSIP and pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumatosis intestinalis.
Cyclosporine ; Dermatomyositis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Middle Aged ; Subcutaneous Emphysema

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic inflammatory disease affecting skeletal muscles and other organs. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PnM) has been previously reported as a rare complication of DM and it is known to occur more frequently in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Here we report on a case of a 52-year-old woman with DM who developed spontaneous PnM, which was treated successfully with high-dose steroid pulse therapy and cyclosporine A (CsA). This case suggests that CsA can be an effective therapeutic agent in DM refractory to glucocorticoid therapy, with ILD or pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by DM. CsA should be considered as an initial immunosuppressive agent for patients with PnM in DM.
Cyclosporine* ; Dermatomyositis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Pulmonary Fibrosis

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory myopathy of unknown etiology, which involves predominantly the muscles and skin, but also produces pulmonary manifestations in approximately 10% of the patients. Increasing attention has been paid to progressive interstitial pneumonitis as an important pulmonary manifestation of DM that can sometimes have a serious influence on the prognosis. Pneumomediastinum has been reported as a rare complication of DM. In this report, we present a case of 40-year-old woman with DM and interstitial lung disease who developed spontaneuous pneumomediastinum and was successfully treated with cyclosporin A.
Adult ; Cyclosporine* ; Dermatomyositis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Muscles ; Myositis ; Prognosis ; Skin

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a term newborn without mechanical ventilation or underlying lung disease is rare. We present a case of a newborn baby who developed respiratory distress after birth and cystic pneumomediastinum which improved spontaneously with thymic hyperplasia as demonstrated on chest radiography, CT and MRI. The combination of cystic pneumomediastinum and thymic hyperplasia in a newborn has not been reported, thus far.
Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung Diseases ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Parturition ; Respiration, Artificial ; Thorax ; Thymus Gland ; Thymus Hyperplasia

Bronchogenic cysts (BCs) are relatively common congenital anomalies in the mediastinum. Most of the patients with BC can be managed both safely and effectively by minimally invasive methods. Selected patients with a BC in a favorable location can have the cyst partially or completely excised by mediastinoscopic techniques. Herein we report on a case of a left lower paratracheal bronchogenic cyst that was completely resected by a video-assisted mediastinoscopic technique, and we discuss the technical aspects of this procedure.
Bronchogenic Cyst ; Humans ; Mediastinal Diseases ; Mediastinoscopy ; Mediastinum

Spontaneous pneumomediastnum is a very rare complication of systemic autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanism of pneumomediastinum in dermatomyositis is not well known. Pulmonary alveoli rupture secondary to interstitial pneumonitis or pulmonary infarctions consequent upon vasculitis are the suggested mechanisms. Among the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, dermatomyositis and polymyositis show similar clinical manifestations except skin lesions. But pneumomediastinum occurs exclusively in cases with dermatomyositis, not in case with polymyositis. In a literature review, patients with dermatomyositis and pneumomediastinum had some characteristic features. As compared with dermatomyositis without pneumomediastinum, CK level was normal in about half and concomitance of interstitial lung disease and cutaneous vasculitis were very frequent. We experienced a case of dermatomyositis with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. Thus we report that with a review of the literature and analysis of reported cases.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Dermatomyositis* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Myositis ; Polymyositis ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; Pulmonary Infarction ; Rupture ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Emphysema* ; Vasculitis