BACKGROUND

The Philippines has the highest number of new leprosy cases in the Western Pacific Region, with 1,000 to 2,000+ cases detected annually over the past decade. Out of 46 filariasis-endemic provinces in the country, 43 have eliminated lymphatic filariasis. However, many grade 2 disabilities acquired from these neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) remain undetected due to inadequate monitoring during and after treatment. This was further exacerbated by the detrimental impact of COVID-19 on healthcare access. The pandemic prompted initial adoption of teletraining, making a feasibility study necessary.

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using telehealth and distance learning to train healthcare workers and patients in the integrated rehabilitation and prevention of impairments and disabilities from leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, mycetoma, diabetes, pressure ulcers, and other chronic wounds.

Selected rural health units, patients with disabilities, and their caregivers in a leprosy- and lymphatic filariasis-endemic region were recruited. Municipal health officers and leprosy coordinators helped in the conceptualization, planning, implementation, and evaluation of the teletraining program to ensure its acceptability and utilization. Asynchronous and synchronous methods were used. The main reference was the "Ten Steps" guide. Training materials were shared via Google Drive and flash drives sent to each study site. One-day didactics and skills trainings were conducted through live-interactive sessions using online platforms (Zoom or Google Meet). Topics focused on nerve function assessment (for leprosy and diabetes), problems of mobility, lymphedema, wound care, and self-care. Participants practiced and demonstrated their skills on local patients, with mentoring through Messenger chats. Knowledge and performance assessments were conducted.

The study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 and the actual training implemented within four months of 2022. Two municipalities of Sultan Kudarat province, Mindanao Island group with one rural health unit (RHU) each had participated. All participants (N=16; eight RHU personnel and eight village health workers) attended the synchronous skills training, 12 (75%) submitted return demo videos, and 13 (81.25%) had practicum patients. All participants rated the training as successfully attaining objectives and activities. All were generally satisfied with the teletraining because of improved knowledge and skills gained and were willing to continue it. Efficiency, speed, quality of training, and trainers had high ratings. Teletraining was considered effective in improving the wound care of their patients. Patients were also satisfied with the home care. However, the unreliable internet service in the study sites created difficulties during synchronous sessions and negatively affected appropriateness of teletraining. Finding patients for practicum was challenging. Some supplies were not available in local drugstores and had to be shipped from Manila, raising costs. Overall, the rating of the teletraining was good.

Teletraining of health workers from distant health units on integrated disability prevention and care is feasible in terms of implementation, acceptability, and practicality if stable internet connectivity is available. Larger studies are recommended.

BACKGROUND

Blood pressure is an important vital sign measured not only in hypertension but also among hospitalized patients for clinical evaluation of the actual hemodynamic status. In the digital era, mercury and aneroid sphygmomanometers are being replaced by automated monitors despite lacking validation and recommendations for their use, especially in acute illness.

To compare automated and manual blood pressure measurement among hospitalized medical patients with acute illness.

A crossover design was used in a single tertiary hospital. Blood pressure was recorded from 216 participants, with 432 observations from an automated monitor (Omron HBP1120) and a mercury sphygmomanometer. Automated and manual BP recordings were done twice following the same arm sequential method. The average of the two recordings was used for comparison.

Most participants were female, elderly, obese, and had cardiac complaints. Comparing automated and manual methods, the mean difference for systolic was 1.47 ± 12.12 (p = 0.08) and 1.82 ± 10.99 (p=0.02) for diastolic. Subgroup analysis revealed that males had higher manual systolic BP than females (pairwise p-value= 0.017). Overweight and obese participants had higher automated systolic and diastolic BP (p=0.04). Overweight and obese participants had significantly higher systolic and diastolic BP regardless of the method. Significantly higher diastolic BP for different age groups and areas of admission (p=0.02) were observed from the automated method.

Automated BP monitoring showed a significant difference in diastolic BP recordings. Automated BP monitors should be used with caution, especially in interpreting diastolic BP among hospitalized patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine and quantify the presence of the active components in Thai propolis extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the anti-caries potential of Thai propolis extract and its active ingredients were tested.

Fifty milligrams of Thai propolis were extracted using either 100%, 90%, 80%, or 70% ethanol and subsequently analyzed using HPLC with a mobile phase gradient system of 10-100% acetonitrile in 0.05% aqueous ortho-phosphoric acid, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 280 nm. Varying concentrations of Thai propolis extracts as well as four active ingredients were subjected to agar well diffusion test against the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) or Lactobacillus caseii (L. caseii).

The concentrations of the four active ingredients: vicenin-2, vitexin, apigenin, and cinnamic acid, were significantly affected by ethanolic concentrations. The chromatographic peaks of all active ingredients from 70% and 80% ethanolic extracts appeared more defined, as compared to those which used higher concentrations of ethanol for extraction. Except for the absolute ethanolic extract, all of the examined propolis extracts, as well as its active ingredients inhibited both S. mutans and L. caseii.

Thai propolis extracts contain vicenin-2, vitexin, apigenin, and cinnamic acid as part of its active ingredients. These were found to be significantly affected by the increase in ethanol during its extraction. The presence of these active ingredients might have contributed to the anti-caries potential of Thai propolis extracts.

OBJECTIVE

To report the demographics, clinical characteristics, and surgical outcomes after microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) in the Philippine General Hospital (PGH).

Between January 2018 to December 2022, the division of Neurosurgery at PGH performed thirty-four MVD operations for Primary HFS. Records were retrospectively reviewed, and pertinent demographic, intra-operative findings, outcomes, and complications were analyzed.

The overall success rate is 88.2%, with a median follow-up at 15 months. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that post-op HFS and follow-up HFS grades were significantly lower than pre-op HFS grades (F=17.46, df=33, p < 0.0001). HFS average age of symptom onset was early at 38.5 years, 11.8% of which wereCONCLUSION

MVD at PGH is a viable choice treatment option for Filipino patients with success rates comparable to internationally published studies. Besides improving surgical technique, improvement of referral systems may help make surgery more accessible.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish a Reversed Phase – High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the quantification of Rhein from Cassia fistula L. leaves. Methods: A Shimadzu system equipped with a C18 Column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic elution of Acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution (solvent B) (Merck, 1.08178.0050) with a 55:45 ratio, respectively and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and sample injection of 10 μL detection was done at 230 nm. Standard solution of Rhein (Chengdu Biopurify) was prepared for method development. This study was validated using the guidelines set under “ICH Topic Q2 R2 or the Validation of Analytical Procedures”. Procedures for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were performed. Results: The retention time of Rhein standard was determined at 5.10 minutes. LOD and LOQ were determined to be 1.278 mcg/mL and 3.872 mcg/mL, respectively with good linearity (R2 ≥0.996) with a linear range of 2.5-20 ug/mL of the Rhein standard. The accuracy of the method was determined based on % recovery method and ranged from 94.75%-100.32% (intraday, n=3) with %RSD of 0.71. The intraday precision %RSD was 2.92 (n=6) while interday precision %RSD was 3.75 (n=3). The method was able to check the Rhein quantity among 10 samples of Cassia fistula L. leaves from different locations in the Philippines. Conclusion The method was found to be sensitive and accurate for the quantification of Rhein. The method was found to be useful for the quantification of the amount of Rhein and can be used as a Quality Control tool for the assessment of Cassia fistula.
Cassia ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Background: Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is the most common cause of missing practices and sporting events among running-related athletes. The incidence rate of recurrence in individuals with HSI ranges from 12% to 63%. While various risk factors for HSI have been identified, the alterations and role of biomechanical factors as potential causes of injury have been largely overlooked. Objectives: To report the critical biomechanical parameters assessed among running-related athletes with a recurrent HSI and to present common testing protocols in assessing the biomechanical parameters among running-related athletes with a recurrent HSI. Methods: Eligibility Criteria: Included studies investigated biomechanical parameters assessed among collegiate or elite running-related athletes with recurrent HSI. Sources of Evidence: This scoping review was registered in OSF and was conducted based on PRISMA-ScR. Six electronic databases were systematically searched from 1993 to May 2022. Charting Methods: The reviewers created a data charting tool for the scoping review. Results: Out of 874 articles, a total of 10 articles were included in the scoping review. The critical biomechanical parameters assessed include trunk flexion, hip flexion, and knee extension angles (kinematic variables), flight and stance times and velocity (spatiotemporal variables), and EMG activity of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris, knee flexion and extension angle peak joint torque (kinetic variables). The most common running test protocols used were the 30-meter overground repeated sprint test, a percentage of maximum running velocity (treadmill), and repeated sprints on a non-motorized treadmill. The most common protocols for isokinetic muscle testing were 60 degrees (concentric), 300 degrees (concentric), and 180 degrees (eccentric) per second angular velocities. Conclusion The review demonstrated a need for more research on this topic, leading to only limited biomechanical parameters being discussed in the literature. This underscores the need for more rigorous research that could have practical applications for athletes and coaches.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Athletes

Animals ; Macaca mulatta ; Optic Disk ; Glaucoma ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Intraocular Pressure ; Low Tension Glaucoma

Humans ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use*

Humans ; Albumins ; Albuminuria/urine* ; Blood Pressure ; China/epidemiology* ; Creatinine ; Risk Factors ; Aged

Sodium ; Wastewater ; Potassium ; Diet ; Blood Pressure ; China ; Sodium, Dietary ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary