A newly synthesized Nickel (II) tyrosine complex was screened as potential antimicrobial agent against a number of medically important bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus beta-haemolytica, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenterae) and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp.) strains. were used for antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Agar Disc method. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the complexes was determined against the same pathogenic bacteria and the values were found between 4~64 microg ml(-1). Brine shrimp bioassay was carried out for cytotoxicity measurements of the complexes. The LC50 values were calculated after probit transformation of the resulting mortality data and found to be 6 microg ml(-1).
Agar ; Artemia ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus niger ; Bacteria ; Biological Assay ; Candida albicans ; Escherichia coli ; Fungi ; Mass Screening* ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mortality ; Nickel* ; Penicillium ; Shigella ; Streptococcus ; Tyrosine*

The levels of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in synovial fluid (SF) and serum in cases of canine osteoarthritis (OA) were measured. OA was induced by a surgically-created medial patellar luxation in the left stifle of 24 dogs. SF and blood samples were collected at 1.5- and 3-month intervals, respectively. Every 3 months, one dog was euthanatized to collect tissue samples from both stifles. TRAP levels in SF and serum were measured using a spectrophotometer, and TRAP-positive cells in joint tissues were identified by enzyme histochemistry. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in SF and serum were detected by Western blotting and ELISA, respectively. TRAP in SF from the stifles and serum was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after 3 months. TIMP-2 in SF and serum was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas MMP-2 in SF was significantly increased (p < 0.05) during the progression of OA. Histochemistry revealed an increased number of TRAP-positive cells in tissues from OA-affected joints. Assays measuring TRAP, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 in SF and serum, and methods that detect increased numbers of TRAP-positive cells in the joint tissues can play an important role in identifying the early phases of degenerative changes in canine joint components.
Acid Phosphatase/analysis/blood ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental/enzymology/etiology/veterinary ; Biological Markers/*analysis/*blood ; Blotting, Western/veterinary ; Dislocations/complications/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*enzymology/etiology ; Dogs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Female ; Isoenzymes/analysis/blood ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/analysis/blood ; Osteoarthritis/enzymology/etiology/*veterinary ; Spectrophotometry/veterinary ; Stifle/physiopathology ; Synovial Fluid/*enzymology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/analysis/blood