1.Qualitative phytochemical screening and evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Microcos paniculata barks and fruits.
Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015;13(3):173-184
OBJECTIVEThe main objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the profile of phytochemical constituents present in methanolic extract of Microcos paniculata bark (BME) and fruit (FME), as well as to evaluate their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
METHODSPhytochemical constituents of BME and FME were determined by different qualitative tests such as Molisch's test, Fehling's test, alkaloid test, frothing test, FeCl3 test, alkali test, Salkowski's test and Baljet test. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of the extracts were evaluated through proteinase-inhibitory assay, xylene-induced ear edema test, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice, formalin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, tail immersion test and Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice.
RESULTSM. paniculata extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. All of the extracts showed significant (P<0.05, vs aspirin group) proteinase-inhibitory activity, whereas the highest effect elicited by plant extracts was exhibited by the BME (75.94% proteinase inhibition activity) with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 61.31 μg/mL. Each extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight showed significant (P<0.05, vs control) percentage inhibition of ear edema and granuloma formation. These extracts significantly (P<0.05, vs control) reduced the paw licking and abdominal writhing of mice. In addition, BME 400 mg/kg, and FME at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant (P<0.05, vs control) analgesic activities at 60 min in the tail immersion test. Again, the significant (P<0.05, vs control) post-treatment antipyretic activities were found by BME 200 and 400 mg/kg and FME 400 mg/kg respectively.
CONCLUSIONStudy results indicate that M. paniculata may provide a source of plant compounds with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antipyretics ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Tiliaceae ; chemistry
2.Updates on Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practices on Tuberculosis among Healthcare Workers
Farhanah Abd Wahab ; Sarimah Abdullah ; Jafri Malin Abdullah ; Hasnan Jaafar ; Siti Suraiya Md Noor ; Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad ; Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff ; John Tharakan ; Shalini Bhaskar ; Muthuraju Sangu ; Mohd Shah Mahmood ; Fauziah Kassim ; Md. Hanip Rafia ; Mohammed Safari Mohammed Haspani ; Azmi Alias ; Rogelio Hernández Pando
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2016;23(6):25-34
Ranking as the most communicable disease killer worldwide, tuberculosis, has accounted
with a total of 9.6 million new tuberculosis cases with 1.5 million tuberculosis-related deaths
reported globally in 2014. Tuberculosis has remain as an occupational hazard for healthcare
workers since 1920s and due to several tuberculosis outbreaks in healthcare settings in the early
1990s, the concern about the transmission to both patients and healthcare workers has been
raised. Healthcare workers have two to three folds greater the risk of active tuberculosis than the
general population. Several studies on knowledge, attitude and practices on tuberculosis among
healthcare workers worldwide have revealed that majority of the participated healthcare workers
had good knowledge on tuberculosis. Most of the healthcare workers from South India and South
Africa also reported to have positive attitude whereas a study in Thailand reported that most of
the healthcare providers have negative attitude towards tuberculosis patients. Nevertheless,
majority of the healthcare workers have low level of practice on tuberculosis prevention. An
improved communication between healthcare workers and the patients as well as their families
is the key to better therapeutic outcomes with good knowledge, attitude and preventive practice
towards tuberculosis.
3.A Rare Presentation of a Common Disorder : Severe Hyponatremia Presenting as Reversible Unstable Bradyarrythmias
Ahmad Luqman Md Pauzi ; Norhayati Mohamad Amin ; Adi Putera Sazali ; Juliana Hashim ; Muhammad Afif Abdullah ; Iskasymar Ismail ; Wan Zulhaikal Wan Zukiman
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2024;20(No.1):395-397
Severe hyponatraemia is defined as a sodium level of less than 120 mEq/L, and it is frequently accompanied by
neurological symptoms like coma, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and death. Clinical cardiac toxicity from hyponatremia, such as bradyarrhythmia, is extremely rare. In this article, we present a case of acute severe hyponatraemia
that induced unstable bradyarrhythmia and led to refractory bradycardia, which did not improve despite receiving
treatment in accordance with the standard Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support protocol. The patient’s bradyarrhythmia has completely resolved with the administration of 3% hypertonic saline, which restored her sodium
levels. Due to the possibility that severe hyponatremia may contribute to the aetiology of cardiac malfunction, this
case raises awareness about the significance of closely monitoring electrocardiograms and telemetry in patients with
severe hyponatremia.
4.Are Dropped Bone Grafts Safe to be Re-used? - An Experimental Study Comparing Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Povidone-Iodine and Alcohol
Mat-Salleh MF ; Sadagatullah AN ; Ibrahim MY ; Abdul-Aziz I ; Wan-Abdullah WA ; Maning N ; Md-Hassan MN ; Ab-Rashid MR
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2021;15(No.2):70-76
Introduction: A dilemma arises when a bone graft or
fracture fragment is accidentally dropped on the operation
theatre floor and becomes contaminated. This study aimed to
determine the efficacy of simple and readily available
antiseptic solutions in disinfecting contaminated bones.
Materials and methods: This experimental study involved
225 bone specimens prepared from discarded bone
fragments during a series of 45 knee and hip arthroplasty
surgeries. The bone fragments were cut into five identical
cubes and were randomly assigned to either control (positive
or negative), or experimental groups (0.5% chlorhexidine,
10% povidone-iodine or 70% alcohol). The control negative
was to determine pre-contamination culture. All bone
specimens, except the control negative group were uniformly
contaminated by dropping on the operation theatre floor.
Subsequently, the dropped bone specimens except for the
control positive group, were disinfected by immersing in a
respective antiseptic solution for 10 minutes, before
transported to the microbiology laboratory for incubation.
Results: The incidence of a positive culture from a dropped
bone fragment was 86.5%. From the 37 specimens sent for
each group, the incidence of positive culture was 5.4% (2
specimens) after being disinfected using chlorhexidine,
67.6% (25 specimens) using povidone-iodine and 81.1% (30
specimens) using alcohol. Simple logistic regression analysis
demonstrated that chlorhexidine was significantly effective
in disinfecting contaminated bones (p-value <0.001, odd
ratio 0.009). Povidone-iodine and alcohol were not
statistically significant (p-value 0.059 and 0.53,
respectively). Organisms identified were Bacillus species
and coagulase negative Staphylococcus. No gram-negative
bacteria were isolated.
Conclusion: A total of 0.5% chlorhexidine is effective and
superior in disinfecting contaminated bones.