BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic accidents (RTA) each year is estimated at over 1.2 million, while the number f injuries reaches as high as 50 million. In Mongolia, the number of road accidents, crimes and road safety violations is on the increase, and it is forecasted that this trend will continue in the future The third leading cause of mortality in Mongolia is injury, and more injuries are caused by traffic accidents (18.9%) than any other cause. According to the National Statistics reports, health and demographic studies, it can be seen that there are a high number of road traffic accidents and injury cases in Mongolia.OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to identify the risk factors of road traffic injuries and deathsMETHOD: Primary data on Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) of the Road Traffic Police was used. 4000 investigation forms were randomly selected and analyzed. Within the research objectives, necessary descriptive and analytical statistics were calculated and the results were illustrated by tables and charts.RESULT: The rate of road traffic accidents is high in urban areas from January till May while it is high in rural areas from February till October. The rate of road crashes caused by alcohol is significantly different in rural and urban areas (36% in rural and 16% in urban). The statistically significant risk factors for Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) were the fault of pedestrians, drunk driving, failure to stop the vehicles, turning maneuver, inadequate estimation of the distance between cars and collation of lane and for Road Traffic Deaths (RTDs) the alcohol consumption, speeding, vehicle defects, driver’s negligence, cross the intersection, turning maneuver, failure to keep distance, fault of pedestrians and transportation people or goods.CONCLUSION: To decrease the risk factors of injuries and deaths of RTAs, specific actions are required to enhance the road traffic safety control and patrolling during certain months, weeks, days and times when accidents mostly happen in urban and rural areas.