BACKGROUNDPressure therapy improves hypertrophic scar healing, but the mechanisms for this process are not well understood. We sought to investigate the differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) and collagen in posttraumatic hypertrophic scar tissue with mechanical pressure and delineate the molecular mechanisms of pressure therapy for hypertrophic scars.

METHODSFibroblast lines of normal skin and scar tissue were established and a mechanical pressure system was devised to simulate pressure therapy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting assays were used to compare differences in the mRNA and protein expression of Mmps and collagen in scar fibroblasts before and after pressure therapy.

RESULTSThe expression differed between the hypertrophic scar cell line and the normal cell line. RT-PCR assays showed that Collagen I, highly expressed in the hypertrophic scar cell line, decreased significantly after pressure therapy. Mmp2, Mmp9, and Mmp12 expression in the hypertrophic scar tissue increased significantly after pressure therapy (P < 0.05). Western blotting assays further revealed that Mmp9 and Mmp12 expression increased significantly in the hypertrophic scar tissue after pressure therapy (P < 0.05) but not Mmp2 expression (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMechanical pressure induces degradation of Collagen I in hypertrophic scar tissue by affecting the expression of Mmp9 and Mmp12.

Cell Line ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDExposure of adult mice to more than 95% O2 produces a lethal injury by 72 hours. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcriptional factor that plays a key role in the modulation of cytokine networks during hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein produced principally by macrophages. Studies have reported that exogenous OPN can maintain the integrity of the cerebral microvascular basement membrane and reduce brain damage through inhibiting NF-κB activities in the brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, it is not clear whether OPN can reduce lung injury during ALI by inhibiting transcriptional signal pathways of NF-κB and consequent inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. Thus we examined the effects and mechanisms of recombinant OPN (r-OPN) on ALI.

METHODSNinety-six mice were randomly divided into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and r-OPN groups. Mice were put in an oxygen chamber (>95% O2) and assessed for lung injury at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Expressions of NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and tissue inhibitors of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) mRNA in lungs were examined with RT-PCR. Expression and distribution of NF-κB protein in lungs were measured with immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSExposure to hyperoxia for 72 hours induced more severe lung injury in the PBS group compared with the r-OPN group. Expression of NF-κB mRNA in the PBS group exposed to hyperoxia for 48 and 72 hours was significantly higher than the r-OPN group (P < 0.05). With 72-hour exposure, expression of TIMP-1 mRNA in the r-OPN group was significantly higher than that of the PBS group (P < 0.05). Expression of TIMP-2 mRNA in the r-OPN group at 48 and 72 hours was significantly higher than those in the PBS group (P < 0.05). After 72-hour exposure, expression of NF-κB protein in airway epithelium in the PBS group was significantly higher than that in the r-OPN group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONr-OPN can inhibit the release and activation of MMPs through inhibition of the expression of NF-κB and promotion of the expression of TIMPs, and alleviate hyperoxia-induced ALI.

Acute Lung Injury ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Hyperoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Osteopontin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; genetics ; metabolism

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of propofol on the experimental myocardial infarction in rats. The myocardial infarction model was established by ligating the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery in rats. Model rats were treated with propofol. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Cardiac hemodynamic changes were detected by multiconductor biorecorder. Pathological changes in the infarcted myocardia were detected by HE staining. The expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy marker genes and fibrosis marker proteins were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. The results showed that, compared with the sham surgery group, the model group exhibited larger infarct size (> 40%), impaired heart function, and significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Propofol reduced cardiac function impairment and decreased LVEDP in the model group. Propofol significantly reduced lung weight/body weight ratio, heart weight/body weight ratio, left ventricular weight/body weight ratio and left atrial weight/body weight ratio in the model group. Furthermore, after myocardial infarction, the administration of propofol significantly improved the diastolic strain rate, down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of myocardial hypertrophy markers, atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain, and reversed the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) induced by myocardial infarction. These results suggest propofol can reduce adverse ventricular remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis after myocardial infarction, and has protective effect against the experimental myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation in rats.
Animals ; Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy* ; Myocardium ; Propofol/pharmacology* ; Rats ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics* ; Ventricular Remodeling

Objective To explore the effect of overwork (OW) on extracellular matrix of arterial vessel wall in rats. Methods Random number grouping method was employed to assign 18 Sprague-Dawley rats into three groups(n=6):the control group(no special treatment),group OW(forced swimming twice a day for 15 days),and sleep deficiency(SD)+OW group(in addition to forced swimming twice a day,the rats were put on the platforms in water to limit sleep for 15 days).On the 16th day,the abdominal aorta and common carotid artery were collected after blood sampling from heart under deep anesthesia.A part of the abdominal aorta sample was taken for Masson staining of collagen fiber,and Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining was carried out for the elastic fiber of common carotid artery.Image J was employed for the quantitative analysis of collagen fiber and elastic fiber content.The expression of collagen 1(Col-1) protein was quantified by immunohistochemistry and the ultrastructure of vascular matrix was examined by transmission electron microscopy.The other part of the abdominal aorta sample was used to determine the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-1,MMP-2,MMP-9,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1),and Col-1 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared with that in control group,the content of collagen fiber in groups OW and SD+OW had no significant change(all P>0.05);the content of elastic fiber in groups OW and SD+OW decreased(all P<0.001) and had no significant difference between each other(P>0.05).The vascular vessel wall of group OW showed slight fiber breakage,while that of group SD+OW presented wormhole-like or spongy fiber fragmentation.The mRNA levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in groups OW and SD+OW had no significant difference between each other(P>0.05) but were higher than that in control group(all P<0.001).The mRNA levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 had no significant difference among the three groups(all P>0.05).Groups OW and SD+OW had lower mRNA level(all P<0.001) and protein level(all P<0.001) of Col-1 than control group,while the mRNA and protein levels of Col-1 had no significant difference between groups OW and SD+OW(P>0.05). Conclusion OW can reduce the content of Col-1 and elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix of arterial vessels,destroy the elastic lamina of vascular wall,up-regulate the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2,thereby injuring arterial vessels.
Animals ; Collagen Type I ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism*

We investigated the expression of membrane type-1 (MT1)-MMP, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 mRNAs and their roles in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and T1 and T2 invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. We further compared these two types of carcinomas for differences in microvessel density, and expression of angiogenic factors and CD44std. MT1-MMP, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 mRNA were expressed in both DCIS and invasive ductal carcinomas. Expression rates of MT1-MMP, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 mRNAs were not statistically different between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinomas, nor did they differ statistically when grouped by tumor size, histologic grade or nuclear grade of invasive ductal carcinoma. Microvessel density and expression of VEGF and TGF-beta were not statistically different between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma. CD44std expression was significantly increased in DCIS compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05) and it was also significantly increased in lower clinical stage, histologic grade and nuclear grade of invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05). Axillary node metastasis was significantly correlated with MT1-MMP mRNA, VEGF and TGF-beta expression (p < 0.05) and MT1-MMP mRNA was positively correlated with VEGF expression and TIMP2 mRNA (p < 0.05). In summary, patterns of MMP mRNA expression in DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma suggest that the invasive potential of breast carcinoma is already achieved before morphologically overt invasive growth is observed. As MT1-MMP mRNA expression is significantly correlated with axillary nodal metastasis, it may be useful as a prognostic indicator of invasive ductal carcinoma. Considering the positive correlation of MT1-MMP mRNA and TIMP2mRNA expression, our finding supports a role for TIMP2 in tumor growth, as well as the utility of CD44std as a prognostic indicator of breast cancer.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/*genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/genetics ; Humans ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Female ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/*physiopathology ; Carcinoma in Situ/genetics/*physiopathology ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*physiopathology

We investigated the expression of membrane type-1 (MT1)-MMP, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 mRNAs and their roles in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and T1 and T2 invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. We further compared these two types of carcinomas for differences in microvessel density, and expression of angiogenic factors and CD44std. MT1-MMP, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 mRNA were expressed in both DCIS and invasive ductal carcinomas. Expression rates of MT1-MMP, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 mRNAs were not statistically different between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinomas, nor did they differ statistically when grouped by tumor size, histologic grade or nuclear grade of invasive ductal carcinoma. Microvessel density and expression of VEGF and TGF-beta were not statistically different between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma. CD44std expression was significantly increased in DCIS compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05) and it was also significantly increased in lower clinical stage, histologic grade and nuclear grade of invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05). Axillary node metastasis was significantly correlated with MT1-MMP mRNA, VEGF and TGF-beta expression (p < 0.05) and MT1-MMP mRNA was positively correlated with VEGF expression and TIMP2 mRNA (p < 0.05). In summary, patterns of MMP mRNA expression in DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma suggest that the invasive potential of breast carcinoma is already achieved before morphologically overt invasive growth is observed. As MT1-MMP mRNA expression is significantly correlated with axillary nodal metastasis, it may be useful as a prognostic indicator of invasive ductal carcinoma. Considering the positive correlation of MT1-MMP mRNA and TIMP2mRNA expression, our finding supports a role for TIMP2 in tumor growth, as well as the utility of CD44std as a prognostic indicator of breast cancer.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/*genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/genetics ; Humans ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Female ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/*physiopathology ; Carcinoma in Situ/genetics/*physiopathology ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) regulations of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) by challenge of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) with different fimA genotypes.

METHODSPg ATCC 33277 (type I), WCSP115 (type II), WCSP1.5 (type III), W83 (type IV) were assessed for their inductions of MMP-1 and MMP-2 expression in HGF. MMP mRNA levels of HGF were determined by real-time RT-PCR and MMP protein levels in culture supernatant were determined by ELISA at different time intervals (1, 3, 6 and 12 h) following continuous co-culture of bacteria with HGF.

RESULTSWhen co-cultured with Pg, the MMP-1 and MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression of HGF significantly increased compared with the negative control group (P < 0.01). The group of type II showed greater up-regulated than other fimA genotypes in the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-2, MMP-1 mRNA [(28.88 +/- 3.12) - (231.01 +/- 24.99)] and protein [(1.35 +/- 0.17) - (3.08 +/- 1.20)] microg/L; MMP-2 mRNA [(20.42 +/- 2.21) - (188.34 +/- 37.37)] and protein [(2.57 +/- 0.76) - (18.08 +/- 1.15)] microg/L for different time periods; While the group of type III was weaker than other fimA genotypes, the level of MMP-1 mRNA was [(5.11 +/- 0.55) - (72.84 +/- 8.84)] and protein [(0.68 +/- 0.13) - (1.46 +/- 0.94)] microg/L, MMP-2 mRNA [(4.55 +/- 0.55) - (25.75 +/- 3.12)] and protein [(2.28 +/- 0.93) - (11.22 +/- 2.46)] microg/L (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPg could induce HGF to over-express MMP, and fimA genotypes of Pg may be related to this pathogenicity, which might indicate fimA genotype is associated with pathogenesis of Pg.

Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; Fimbriae Proteins ; genetics ; Genotype ; Gingiva ; cytology ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (-735) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) (-1171) and the susceptibility to silicosis.

METHODSA case-control study was conducted in 113 patients diagnosed with stage I silicosis (case group) and 115 dust-exposed workers without silicosis (control group); the two groups had the same sex, ethnic group, and type of dust and similar age and cumulative exposure time. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the genotypes of MMP-2 (-735) and MMP-3 (-1171).

RESULTSNo significant difference was observed in age, cumulative exposure time, or smoking rate between cases and controls (P > 0.05). The frequencies of genotypes C/C, C/T, and T/T at MMP-2 C-735T in the case group were 57.5% (65/113), 31.0% (35/113), and 11.5% (13/113), respectively, which were significantly different from those of the control group (69.6% (80/115), 26.9% (31/115), and 3.5% (4/115)), χ&sup2; = 6.542, P < 0.05). The frequencies of T allele in cases and controls were 27.0% and 17.0%, respectively, which were significantly different from each other χ&sup2; = 6.704, P < 0.05). Carriage of T allele at MMP-2 C-735T increased the risk of silicosis (OR = 1.811, 95% CI: 1.151-2.847). The frequencies of genotypes 6A/6A, 5A/6A, and 5A/5A at MMP-3 A-1171A were 67.2% (76/113), 24.8% (28/113), and 8.0% (9/113), respectively, in the case group, versus 59.1% (68/115), 37.4% (43/115), and 3.5% (4/115) in the control group (χ&sup2; = 5.519, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGenetic polymorphism at MMP-2 C-735T is significantly associated with the development of silicosis. Carriage of T allele increases the risk of silicosis among workers exposed to dust. No significant association was found between MMP-3 A-1171A polymorphism and silicosis in this study.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Silicosis ; genetics

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) during the transformation of prostate cancer from androgen-dependent (ADPC) to androgen-independent (AIPC).

METHODSWe established an AIPC cell model LNCaP-AI by culturing the androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line in the hormone-deprived medium for over 3 months. The cell model was verified and the PTTG1 expression in the LNCaP cells was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR during hormone deprivation.

RESULTSThe AIPC cell model LNCaP-AI was successfully established. The PTTG1 expression was gradually increased in the LNCaP cells with the prolonged time of hormone deprivation and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and -9 were elevated at the same time.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of PTTG1 is increased gradually in AIPC, which may be a target of gene therapy for advanced prostate cancer.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; Securin ; genetics

To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in human prostate cancer, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 were immunohistochemically detected in tissues of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Our results showed that matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 levels in prostate cancer were much higher than those in tissues of BPH, with the cancer invasion being positively correlated with the expression of the metalloproteinases. It is concluded that matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 are better molecular markers, which are of help in the diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of prostate cancer.
Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology