No abstract available.
Breast* ; Mastodynia*

No abstract available.
Dysmenorrhea* ; Female ; Mastodynia* ; Premenstrual Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammaplasty* ; Mastodynia* ; Neuroma* ; Superficial Back Muscles*

This regulatory post-marketing surveillance study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drospirenone (DRSP) 2 mg/estradiol (E₂) 1 mg tablet in Korean postmenopausal women. A total of 4,149 patients were enrolled and the study was conducted at 207 clinical research centers. The patients' source data was collected between November 2006 and November 2012. More than 85% of patients experienced improvement of menopausal symptoms. The most frequently reported adverse events were vaginal bleeding and breast pain; most of the women suffering from these symptoms fully recovered. The incidence of adverse event was higher in patients of younger age (20 to 39 years), in patients with concomitant diseases, previous hormone replacement therapy in medical history, those treated with DRSP 2 mg/E₂ 1 mg for shorter duration (3 years or less) and in patients using concomitant medication. In conclusion, the results from this large post-marketing surveillance study confirm the efficacy and safety of DRSP 2 mg/E₂ 1 mg tablet in Korean postmenopausal women.
Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mastodynia ; Menopause ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Premenstrual syndrome is a common chronic disorder in most women of reproductive age. The main symptoms are depression, anxiety, tension, feeling out of control, and mastalgia. In premenstrual syndrome, the effects of aromatic edible Elsholtzia splendens and Cirsium japonicum were investigated for over 3 months in 30 women participants in their twenties. In the Elsholtzia splendens capsule treated group, scores of depression and anxiety were significantly lower than those in the Cirsium japonicum capsule treated group. Moreover, instability of the premenstrual assessment form was significantly decreased in the Elsholtzia splendens capsule treated group. Our results suggest that Elsholtzia splendens could be an effective plant material in relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
Anxiety ; Cirsium ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Mastodynia ; Plants ; Premenstrual Syndrome

Benign breast problems, particularly the common one of cyclical pain in young women, can be safely and effectively managed in primary care, can be safely and effectively managed in primary care. This benefits the patient, who is appropriately treated without the anxiety and turnmoil of hospital referral, the GP, who gains job satisfaction, the hospital clinic, which has more time for more needy women, and the NHS, which saves money.
Human ; Female ; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ; STANDARDS ; MASTODYNIA ; BREAST ; BREAST NEOPLASMS

To determine the clinical profile of benign and malignant mastalgia in terms of age distribution, geographic location, laterality, pain severity and pattern.

METHOD: This is a 3-year (April 1,2001 until March 31, 2004) retrospective chart review of female patients presenting with mastalgia in a hospital-based government breast center at Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City. Malignant mastalgia was diagnosed based on histopathologic findings. Pain severity assessment was based on a numeric scale of 0 to 10. Exclusion criteria include patients without mastalgia as chief complaint, no histopathologic confirmation of malignancy and males. All statistical computations were done using Chi square test with a = 0.05.

RESULTS: A total of 1237 patients (89 percent) had benign mastalgia with an average age of 29.72 +/- 10.96 years and 156 (11 percent) had malignant mastalgia with an average of 48.92 +/- 11.96 years. Patients less than 60 years of age had a statistically significant probability that their mastalgia is due to benign pathology (p < 0.001 at a 0.05). However, for 60 years of age. there is a significant probability that the cause of mastalgia is malignant (p < 0.001). Right-sided mastalgia showed a significant probability for a benign cause (p value of 0.0132). Further, non-cyclical pain pattern significantly connotes malignant mastalgia with p < 0.001. No significant differences were found for geographic location and pain severity.

CONCLUSION: Age above 60 years, right-sidedness and non-cyclical pain pattern are the only significant factors for differentiating whether the mastalgia is due to a benign or malignant etiology.

PURPOSE: A fibroadenoma is a very common benign breast tumor, which has been reported to be present in 7 to 13% of patients examined in breast clinics. This study was carried out, at a university hospital in Daegu, Korea, to find the clinical manifestations and characteristics of fibroadenomas in Korean women. METHODS: Four hundred and sixty-four patients, with pathological diagnosis of fibroadenomas, who underwent excisional biopsies, between January 1996 and December 2001, were included in this study. Clinical manifestations, diagnoses, including the sonographic findings, and the clinical characteristics, including the mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis, tumor siz and location, and the solitary or multiple nature of the tumor, were analysed. RESULTS: The most common symptom was a palpable mass in the breast. In the majority of patients (81.5%), a mass was the only symptom, but the breast mass was associated with breast pain in only 8.8% of patients. Diagnosis was usually made from the characteristic clinical and sonographic findings. Frozen section examinations were rarely necessary for the differentiation from a carcinoma. The mean age of the patients was 34 years, but 34% of the women were aged 40 or older. Left sided fibroadenomas were slightly more common than those of the right. Bilateral tumors were found in 9.3% of patients. The most common locations of the breast tumors were the upper outer quadrant, followed by the center and upper inner quadrant. The mean size of the tumor was 2.35 cm. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations in Korean women were similar to those in Western reports, but the age at diagnosis was older in this study.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibroadenoma* ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Korea ; Mastodynia ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiologic findings of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) using mammography and ultrasonography, and to correlate the radiologic and histopathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four pathologically proven lesions in 64 patients who were examined between March 2000 and March 2003 were the subject of this study. Mammography was performed in all 64 cases, and ultrasonography in 30. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the radiologic findings, classifying them as one of four types: mass, microcalcification, other finding, and no detected lesion. At mammography, masses were classified according to their shape, margin, and density and microcalcifications according to their shape and distribution. At ultrasonography, masses were evaluated in terms of their shape, margin, internal and posterior echotexture, ductal extension, and parallelism to skin. Geographic correlation between the radiologic and histopathologic findings was classified as direct, near direct, or remote correlation. RESULTS: Mammography demonstrated 37 cases of microcalcification (57.8%), 14 in which masses were present (21.9%), two in which there were other findings (3.1%), and 11 in which lesions were not detected (17.2%). The "other finding" was ductectasia. Microcalcifications were round in 19 cases, pleomorphic heterogeneous in 16, and branching linear in one. The most common distribution of microcalcification was clustered (29 cases; 78.4%). Masses were oval or round in nine cases and irregular in three, and in seven cases their margin was ill-defined. In 13 cases, the density of the masses was equal to that of breast tissue. Ultrasonography showed that the masses were round or oval in 15 cases and irregular in 14, and that the margin was ill-defined in 16 cases and circumscribed in ten. In 19 cases, the echotexture of the masses was low, and in 20 cases, heterogeneous. Parallel orientation was seen in 25 cases, and ductal extension in 22. Category 4 was the most common final assessed BI-RADS category, found in 75% of cases. Radiologic-histopathologic correlation was direct in 44 cases, near direct in 13, and remote in seven. Clinically, self or clinical examination of the breast revealed no abnormality in 47 cases, a palpable mass in seven, nipple discharge in seven, and breast pain in three. CONCLUSION: At mammography, the most common finding of ADH was clustered round or pleomorphic heterogeneous microcalcifications, and at ultrasonography, illdefined, round or oval, or irregular-shaped, hypoechoic masses with parallel orientation and ductal extension. Clinically, most ADH was incidentally discovered at radiologic examination. In this study, 17.2% of ADH cases were not demonstrated by mammography but were detected at ultrasonography, and for the detection of ADH, the use of this latter modality, alongside mammography, is thus feasible.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Mammography ; Mastodynia ; Nipples ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Women with large breasts suffer from both physical embarrassment and physical discomfort. Recently, partially due to socioeconomic development, growing numbers of woman with large breasts have sought reduction surgery, which previously had not been popular in Korea. At this time, a proper evaluation of the operation is required in order to promote the procedure. METHODS: Case files of 60 reduction operations using the inferior pedicle flap method for the reduction of large breasts were clinically reviewed. RESULTS: The patients were aged 19~65 (mean 34.5) years. The primary reasons for surgery were self-consciousness, shoulder/neck/back pain, wet skinfold/eczema and intractable mastalgia. Breast parenchymal pattern analysis by mammography revealed relatively a high frequency of dysplastic change (DY) among women with intractable breast pain, which was nearly entirely relieved by reduction surgery. The nipple-areolar complex were saved with inferior dermal pedicle flaps without any occurrence of necrosis. An average of 350 (range 50~800) grams of tissue from each breast was removed. There were no blood transfusions and significant postoperative complications were rare, although some patients complained of hypertrophic scars. CONCLUSION: Postoperative results were sufficiently satifactory to consider reduction surgery for inappropriately large breasts as a rehabilitative method.
Blood Transfusion ; Breast* ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammography ; Mastodynia ; Necrosis ; Postoperative Complications