No abstract available.
Masseter Muscle*

A case is reported of neurilemmoma of the right masseteric nerve in the masseter muscle. We experienced a 34-years-old male patient who had neurilemmoma in the masseter muscle caused by chronic irritation. Special stain using S-100 immunoperoxidase was useful in establishing the diagnosis in this case. The most important aspect of this case is the anatomical site of the neurilemmoma; this tumor was originated from the masseteric nerve and is the first case reported in the masseter muscle. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor and no recurrence occured.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Masseter Muscle* ; Neurilemmoma* ; Recurrence

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the surface electromyography (sEMG) activity of the masseter muscles in patients with a history of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) who received orthodontic treatment. In total, 22 participants aged 18–35 years old were included in this study. They were divided into the control group (patients without a history of TMJD [n = 11]) and the test group (those with a history of TMJD [n = 11]). Each participant underwent sEMG of the right and left masseter muscles at 5-s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Results showed that the TMJD group had a lower sEMG activity of masseter muscles at MVC than the non-TMJD group. However, the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05, t-test). The Spearman’s correlation coefficient test revealed a weak negative correlation between muscle activity on sEMG and history of TMJD (p > 0.05). In conclusion, orthodontically treated patients in TMJD group have reduced masseter muscle activity during MVC, compare to the non-TMJD group.
Masseter Muscle ; Orthodontics ; Electromyography ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Micrognathia is a severe craniofacial deformity affecting appearance and survival. Previous studies revealed that multiple factors involved in the osteogenesis of mandibular bone have contributed to micrognathia, but concerned little on factors other than osteogenesis. In the current study, we found that ectopic activation of Fgf8 by Osr2-cre in the presumptive mesenchyme for masseter tendon in mice led to micrognathia, masseter regression, and the disrupted patterning and differentiation of masseter tendon. Since Myf5-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 mice exhibited the normal masseter and mandibular bone, the possibility that the micrognathia and masseter regression resulted directly from the over-expressed Fgf8 was excluded. Further investigation disclosed that a series of chondrogenic markers were ectopically activated in the developing Osr2-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 masseter tendon, while the mechanical sensing in the masseter and mandibular bone was obviously reduced. Thus, it suggested that the micrognathia in Osr2-cre;Rosa26R-Fgf8 mice resulted secondarily from the reduced mechanical force transmitted to mandibular bone. Consistently, when tenogenic or myogenic components were deleted from the developing mandibles, both the micrognathia and masseter degeneration took place with the decreased mechanical sensing in mandibular bone, which verified that the loss of mechanical force transmitted by masseter tendon could result in micrognathia. Furthermore, it appeared that the micrognathia resulting from the disrupted tenogenesis was attributed to the impaired osteogenic specification, instead of the differentiation in the periosteal progenitors. Our findings disclose a novel mechanism for mandibular morphogenesis, and shed light on the prevention and treatment for micrognathia.
Mice ; Animals ; Micrognathism ; Masseter Muscle ; Mandible ; Osteogenesis

PURPOSE: A botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A) injection has been used as a noninvasive management for lower face contouring since 2000. The aim of this study is to compare reduction rate of lower face width for a longtime according to repeated Botox(R) injections on masseter muscles for lower face contouring procedure. METHODS: Forty-five patients were analyzed for single session of Botox(R) injection and 13 patients were evaluated for repeated Botox(R) injections for over two years. Single injection group was tracked regular intervals at 1, 3, 6, 10, 12 months after the injection, and repeated injection group was measured at every injection time. Twenty-five to thirty units of Botox(R) was injected into each masseteric muscle at five to six points at the prominent portions of the mandibular angle. Standardized frontal view of digital photographs were analyzed by Adobe Photoshop(R)(version CS3) to measure an reduction rate of lower face's width. RESULTS: Reduction rate was 3.7%, 6.9%, 6.2%, 4%, 4% at 1, 3, 6, 10, 12 months post injection each other in single injection group. However, more than 8% reduction rate was found in repeated injection group persistently for more than two years. CONCLUSION: This study shows that effective duration of Botox(R) injection for lower face contouring is expected to continue over one year clinically. Moreover, repeated injections maintained lower reduction rate consistently for a long time. Therefore, repeated injections on masseter muscles at regular intervals is the most effective procedure for lower face contouring.
Botulinum Toxins ; Humans ; Masseter Muscle ; Muscles ; Track and Field

Since G.N. Hounsfield's clinical use of computed tomography in 1971, digital imaging technique using computers has shown an eye opening progress. Progress has made 3-dimensional understanding of not only facial bones but muscles and other connective tissues possible through 3-dimensional reconstruction of preexisting tomographical images. Also, quantitative analysis of density, distance, volume has become possible, allowing objective analysis of preoperative and postoperative states through imaging. The authors measured the masseter muscle volume of 20 normal individuals and 8 female patients through 3-D reconstructive CT imaging and made a statistical analysis of the measurements. The method used in our study may be applied to the diagnosis of disease causing the change of the facial volume and presurgical design as a useful tool to provide objective information on the evaluation of surgery outcome.
Connective Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Humans ; Masseter Muscle* ; Muscles

PURPOSE: To determine if ultrasonography is a reliable technique to assess masseter muscle sites within intra- and interobserver and the scanning level and/or the muscle condition affect local cross-sectional dismension (LCSD) measurements of masseter muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 subjects without sign and symptom of temporomandibular disorders and missing posterior teeth were examined by ultrasonography. Bilateral ultrasonographic examinations were performed with a linear (B-scan) 7.5 MHz small-part transducer to register LCSDs of the masseter muscle on three different levels. Scans were made on relaxed and clenching condition. Three oral and maxillofacial radiologists measured at two sessions with a time interval of at least 5 minutes. RESULTS: Variables such as 'condition' and 'level' had a significant effect on muscle measurements (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between 'sessions' (p> 0.05) and 'observers' (p> 0.05). LCSDs on lower scan level were significantly thinner than those on upper and middle level. Those on clenching condition were significantly thicker than those on relaxed condition (p< 0.05). The scanning level with the highest reproducibility was middle with clenching condition (ICC = 0.90, MSE = 0.55%). CONCLUSION: The data suggested that ultrasonography was a reliable method for measuring LSCD of masseter muscle in intra- and interobserver and middle scan level showed the most reliable data.
Masseter Muscle* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Tooth ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To assess the internal echo intensity and morphological variability of masseter muscles on ultrasonography and to establish diagnostic criterion of estimation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants consisted of 50 young adults (male 25, female 25) without pathologic conditions and with full natural dentitions. Sonographic examinations were done with real time ultrasound equipment as Logiq 500 (GE Medical Systems, Seoul, Korea) at 3 parts according to lines paralleling with ala-tragus line as reference line. The thickness and area of masseter muscles according to reference line in cross-sectional images were measured at rest and at maximum contraction. The visibility and width of the internal echogenic intensity of the masseter muscles were also assessed and the muscle appearance was classified into 4 types. Data were statistically analyzed by paired t-test and chi-square-test. RESULTS: 1. When comparing the thickness and area of masseter muscles concerning with gender, there was few significant difference between right and left sides, however, there were significant differences between males and females except for the greatest thickness of left side. 2. The changes of the greatest thickness and the area between rest and maximum contraction showed that the part of the least thickness manifested more increase at maximum contraction. 3. Each part the manifestations of the internal echogenic intensity of the masseter muscles were different depending on the locations. But there was no statistically significance. CONCLUSION: Changes of muscles thickness with contraction and internal echogenic intensity with locations showed great disparity within the masseter muscles, which will be diagnostic criteria for pathophysiologic and anatomic changes of masseter muscles.
Contracts ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Muscles ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar can result in considerable pain, swelling, and dysfunction that patient are incapable of work for several days. Factors contributing to post operative swelling, trismus and pain are complex. There is no question but that the procedure of surgically removing an impacted mandibular third molar is inherently a traumatic one and that some sequelae related to the inflammation response are expected. Meticulous surgical technique will minimize the sequelae of inflammation but will not prevent them. In an effort to minimize these sequelae the use of steroid was instituted. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Present study was to investigate the effect of one preoperative steroid injection in the masseter muscle to the patients(male 9, female 11) who needed prophylactic removal of bilateral , symmetrical, impacted wisdom teeth in the mandible on the complaint like swelling, trismus and pain. through Double-Blind test. RESULTS: 1. After 24 hours investigation, preoperative steroid injection had significantly reduced swelling with 39% and trismus with 57.5%. 2. 7th post operative day investigation, reduced swelling and trismus had shown, however, not significant. 3. There wasn't major difference from the group who took preve-ntive steroid in the visual analogue scale, the first analgesic intake time and the pain period. 4. There wasn't any adverse reaction of steroid for 20 patient From the above result, If the patients are not contraindication to steroid and pronounced post operative reaction can be expected the use of steroid to the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is recommended.
Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Mandible ; Masseter Muscle ; Molar, Third* ; Trismus

Hemimasticatory spasm is a rare disorder that often accompanies facial hemiatrophy and is characterized by spasm in one or more of the jaw-closing muslces supplied by the fifth cranial nerve. We report a clinical and electrophysiological observation of a patient of hemimasticatory spasm, who presented involuntary spasm on masseter muscle and hemiatrophy of the face on the right side for 7 years.
Facial Hemiatrophy ; Humans ; Masseter Muscle ; Spasm* ; Trigeminal Nerve