To realize the measurement of the chest compression depth during the administration of manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation, two 3-axis digital accelerometers were applied for chest compression acceleration and environment acceleration acquisition, with one placed in the chest compression sensor pad, and the other placed in the back sensor pad. Then double integration was made for the acceleration-to-depth conversion with both of the accelerations after preprocessing. The method further included integration reset mechanism based on compression force, with the force point of a pre-determined threshold and the maximum force point as the starting point and the ending point of the integration, respectively. Moreover, a software compensation algorithm was implemented to further increase the accuracy of the depth estimation and reliability of the acceleration. The final performance of the compression depth estimation is within +/- 0.6 cm with 95% confidence of a total of 283 compressions. Accurate and real-time estimation of chest compression depth greatly facilitates the control of compression depth for the lifesaver during manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Acceleration ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Heart Arrest ; therapy ; Heart Massage ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Pressure ; Thorax

This article presents the potential integration of psychotherapy and massage when considering the essence of their beneficial effects. The essence of this model of practice is multifaceted, combining principles from anatomy, physiology and neuroscience with psychotherapy to benefit patient care. It has been advocated that possessing multidisciplinary knowledge from these areas of science enhances psychotherapists' holistic care of their depressive patients. A narrative review of the literatures and a qualitative, conceptual synthesis has been performed to create a new theoretical-pragmatic construct. This article introduces the concept of massage practice as a part of psychotherapy practice and presents the potential integration of psychotherapeutic knowledge with clinical decision-making and the management of depressive symptoms. The authors emphasize the usefulness of multi- and interdisciplinary knowledge in the psychotherapeutic process and explain how this knowledge might be extrapolated and incorporated into theoretical and practical settings to benefit depressive patients. The justification for this concept is also presented. The principles set out in this article may be a useful source of information for psychotherapists concerned about their patients' holistic well-being in addition to the psychopathology for which they have sought treatment. Researchers and psychotherapists can obtain valuable and additional knowledge through cross-fertilization of ideas across the arguments presented here.
Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Depression ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Massage ; methods ; utilization ; Mental Disorders ; therapy ; Psychotherapy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

The standardization of Chinese Tuina therapy is one of the most popular research topics in Chinese medicine. By reviewing the literatures contributed by Chinese investigators between 1982 and 2010, the authors summarized the progress on Chinese Tuina manipulation techniques, in particular, focusing on the data on several key parameters (i.e., frequency, duration, and force). This summarization will benefit the standardization of Chinese Tuina.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; trends ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; methods ; Quality Improvement

PURPOSE: Dispatcher-assisted telephone instruction during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves the quality of CPR performed by laypersons. However, in Korea, CPR instruction guidelines for bystanders have not made. We therefore studied the effects of verbal instruction on the quality of chest compression. METHODS: Data from two randomized, double-blinded, controlled trials using identical methodology were combined to obtain 175 records for analysis. Subjects were randomized into either a "push as hard as you can and fast" (n=87) or "push down 5~6 cm, 100~120 rate/min" (n=88), verbal instructions in the 2011 Korea Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC). Data were recorded via a Resusci(R) Anne SkillReporter(TM), Laerdal Medical mannequin. Primary outcome measures included chest compression depth and chest compression rate per minute. RESULTS: The average compression depth and speed of chest compressions did not significantly differ between the two verbal instructions. CONCLUSION: The verbal istructions provided by telephone based on the 2011 Korean Guidelines for CPR and ECC are not effective. The instructions for high quality CPR of layperson should therefore be studied.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Emergencies ; Heart Massage ; Korea ; Manikins ; Methods ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Telephone* ; Thorax ; Verbal Learning

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of meridian massage on menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur in middle-aged menopausal women. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design. The subjects of the study were middle-aged women who had had no menstruation in the last 12 months after the last menstrual bleeding. Cards of invitation on bulletin boards of several apartments were placed to recruit the subjects. The cards of invitation included: purpose of the study, eligibility criteria, method and period. Eighteen women in the experimental group and 16 women in the control group were conveniently assigned, respectively. The experimental group received 20 min meridian massage 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The menopausal symptoms and Shin-hur were measured and compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with the SPSS program by Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon Sign Rank test, Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation. RESULT: The experimental group showed a significant decrease of menopausal symptoms (U=77.00, p=.020) and Shin-Hur (U=76.00, p=.017). There was a significantly positive correlation between menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur (r=.497, p=.003). CONCLUSION: Meridian massage was effective in improving menopausal symptoms and Shin-Hur in middle-aged menopausal women. Thus it can be useful as a nursing intervention for menopausal women.
Abdomen ; *Acupressure ; Acupuncture Points ; Female ; Humans ; Massage/*methods ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; *Postmenopause ; Women's Health

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the relationship between major signal points (MaSPs) of the lower extremities used in court-type Thai traditional massage (CTTM) and the corresponding underlying anatomical structures, as well as to determine the short-term changes in blood flow and skin temperature of volunteers experiencing CTTM.

METHODSMaSPs were identified and marked on cadavers before acrylic color was injected. The underlying structures marked with acrylic colors were observed and the anatomical structures were determined. Then, pressure was applied to each MaSP in human volunteers (lateral side of leg and medial side of leg) and blood flow on right dorsalis pedis artery was measured using duplex ultrasound while skin temperature changes were monitored using an infrared themographic camera.

RESULTSShort-term changes in the blood flow parameters, volume flow and average velocity, compared to baseline (P < 0.05), were observed on MaSP of the lower extremity, ML4. Changes in the peak systolic velocity of the area ML5 were also observed relative to baseline. The skin temperature of two different MaSPs on the lateral side of leg (LL4 and LL5) and four on the medial side of leg (ML2, ML3, ML4 and ML5) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 1 min after pressure application.

CONCLUSIONThis study established the clear correlation between the location of MaSP, as defined in CTTM, and the underlying anatomical structures. The effect of massage can stimulate skin blood flow because results showed increased skin temperature and blood flow characteristics. While these results were statistically significant, they may not be clinically relevant, as the present study focused on the immediate physiological effect of manipulation, rather than treatment effects. Thus, this study will serve as baseline data for further clinical studies in CTTM.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; blood supply ; Male ; Massage ; methods ; Skin Temperature ; Thailand

OBJECTIVETo determine whether any difference exists in the skin-temperature responses of the lower limbs to hot-stone application relative to one-site and three-site abdominal application.

METHODSTwenty-five female students participated in experimental sessions after a random allocation: 14 participants received a hot-stone application on the umbilicus, superior-umbilicus, and inferior-umbilicus regions (hereafter referred to as the three-site stimulation group); and 11 participants received the hot-stone application on the umbilicus region only (hereafter referred to as the one-site stimulation group). Heated stones were applied for 9 min to participants in both groups. Four arbitrary frames (the lower leg, ankle, proximal foot, and distal foot regions) were created in order to observe and analyze the skin temperature of a lower limb using a thermograph. Observation periods were as follows: before hot-stone stimulation, immediately after stimulation, and 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after stimulation.

RESULTSThere was a significant offset interaction of distal foot skin temperature between the groups. The left-side distal foot skin temperature increased at 15 and 20 min following the three-site abdominal hot-stone stimulation. The right-side distal foot skin temperature increased immediately and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min following the three-site abdominal hot-stone stimulation. No significant change in distal foot skin temperature was observed following the one-site stimulation.

CONCLUSIONLower-limb skin temperature was altered following hot-stone stimulation applied to the abdomen, and the one-site stimulation and three-site stimulation yielded different distal foot skin-temperature reactions.

Adult ; Hot Temperature ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Massage ; methods ; Skin Temperature

According to Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials, Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials 2010 Statement (CONSORT), CONSORT Extension for Non-Pharmacologic Treatment Interventions (CONSORT for NPT) and Good Clinical Practice, the detailed requirements for protocol writing, reporting, and practicing of clinical trial were classified and summarized in this article. By combining the practical situation of clinical trial of external treatment of TCM such as tuina, the requirernents for clinical trial protocol writing of external treatment of TCM were analyzed and acquired which could improve the quality of clinical trial protocol of external treatment of TCM, thus to provide references for standardized execution of TMC clinical trial and reports of research results.
Clinical Protocols ; standards ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Massage ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

OBJECTIVETo recommend an improved method of prostate massage, which is safe, effective, simple and tolerable, and may increase the expressed prostatic secretin (EPS) success rate and promote the efficiency of the prostate massage.

METHODSTwo methods are described in this paper, one being the aside-bending and up-standing vs parallel and semi-squatting method to massage the prostate via the rectum, and the other being the traditional massage method. A total of 261 chronic prostatitis (CP) patients were randomly divided into two groups, and treated separately with the new method and the traditional method. Then, the two methods were compared by EPS quantity and the patients' tolerability.

RESULTSThe new method made it possible to collect larger quantity of EPS. The results of comparison showed that the new method was better received by the patients.

CONCLUSIONThe aside-bending and up-standing vs parallel and semi-squatting method to massage the prostate via the rectum may increase the EPS success rate of prostatic massage and hence help the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis. This method is well worth recommending.

Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Posture ; Prostate ; Prostatitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rectum

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is series of rescue measures for saving cardiac arrest patients. Early initiation and good quality of CPR is crucial for increasing chance of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. In recent years, the CPR guidelines have changed a lot, especially in basic life support. The guideline now pays more attention on chest compression and less to ventilation. CPR with chest compression only and without mouth-to-mouth ventilation is more popular. In this article, we outline the development and recent researches of CPR. As depriving oxygen from a collapsed patient for 6 min may result in poor outcome, the average time for ambulance transport is longer (about 10 to 16 min) in China, which makes rescuers easy to feel fatigue, chest compression only CPR is not suitable in China. Though non-professional rescuers have difficulty to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation, they generally show a willingness to do so. To strengthen public standard CPR training including mouth-to-mouth ventilation and chest compression, is most important to promote CPR in China.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; methods ; China ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Massage ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Respiration, Artificial