No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Mass Screening*

A 74-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a left breast mass. The mass could not be adequately compressed to be visualized on mammography. Ultrasonography showed a heavily-calcified rounded mass in the left axillary tail of the left breast. Chest radiograph confirmed that the mass was a migrated humeral head. Remotely-displaced fracture-dislocations of the humeral head are very rare and to our knowledge, displacement into the breast, clinically mimicking a breast mass, has not been previously described.
Mass in breast ; Head ; Mass, NOS ; Wandering ; Breast

Tc-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scintigraphy is generally used as a second-line diagnostic tool for obscured breast lesions. When the entire field of view is examined carefully, it is often possible to detect additional lesions unrelated to the initial intent and purpose of the examination. Herein we present a case of breast cancer incidentally detected by cardiac Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy. An area of uptake was detected in the breast during a cardiac imaging test. Further evaluation of this lesion revealed a histopathological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Sensitivity of this scintigraphic technique is not enough sufficient to use this test as a screening test for breast cancer, but it may provide supplemental information. Since it is not uncommon to find incidental lesions during imaging studies, examination of the image field may help clinicians find otherwise unrecognized or undiagnosed pathologies.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Mass Screening

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Mass Screening* ; Ultrasonography*

Breast MRI is a cutting-edge technology in the diagnosis and intervention of breast abnormalities. Over the last decade, breast MRI has evolved from a research field to a clinical field. Radiologists should understand the indications, how to obtain adequate images, and how to interpret and report their findings. Breast MRI is now used in the differentiation of benign from malignant mass, preoperative staging of breast cancer patients, assessment of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and evaluation of women with breast implants. It can also be used as a supplemental screening modality for high-risk women. Qualified radiologists and adequate MRI technique are crucial for the success of these purposes. This review is focused on the indication, standardized use of lexicon and categorization of breast MRI.
Breast ; Breast Implants ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to different stages of mammography screening based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) and health belief model (HBM). METHOD: 143 women were recruited from community centers in W city. The mean age was 44.08 (SD=7.78) and 74 (51.7%) had experienced education on preventative behavior related to breast cancer. The Decisional Balance Scale (Pros and Cons of mammography) and Stages of Adoption of Mammography Scale by Rakowski et al. (1992) and the revised Health Belief Model Scale (Perceived Seriousness, Perceived Susceptibility and Health Motivation) by Champion (1993) were used. RESULTS: According to the stage of adoption of mammography, 17.4% of the women were in pre-contemplation, 45.5% in contemplation, 24.5% in action, and 12.6% in maintenance. The mean differences for pros, and the decisional balances between the stages of mammography adoption were significant (F=8.84, p=.000; F=7.20, p=.000). Education related to prevention of breast cancer was the most important variable. Prevention education, history of breast disease and pros of mammography explained the stages of mammography adoption (R2=26%). CONCLUSION: Findings support TTM as a useful tool for improving mammography adherence. Behavioral interventions that target decisional balance and health belief can effectively promote adherence to mammography.
Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to different stages of mammography screening based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) and health belief model (HBM). METHOD: 143 women were recruited from community centers in W city. The mean age was 44.08 (SD=7.78) and 74 (51.7%) had experienced education on preventative behavior related to breast cancer. The Decisional Balance Scale (Pros and Cons of mammography) and Stages of Adoption of Mammography Scale by Rakowski et al. (1992) and the revised Health Belief Model Scale (Perceived Seriousness, Perceived Susceptibility and Health Motivation) by Champion (1993) were used. RESULTS: According to the stage of adoption of mammography, 17.4% of the women were in pre-contemplation, 45.5% in contemplation, 24.5% in action, and 12.6% in maintenance. The mean differences for pros, and the decisional balances between the stages of mammography adoption were significant (F=8.84, p=.000; F=7.20, p=.000). Education related to prevention of breast cancer was the most important variable. Prevention education, history of breast disease and pros of mammography explained the stages of mammography adoption (R2=26%). CONCLUSION: Findings support TTM as a useful tool for improving mammography adherence. Behavioral interventions that target decisional balance and health belief can effectively promote adherence to mammography.
Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening*

PURPOSE: Breast cancers can be asymptomatic at an early stage and hence screening programmes play an important role in detecting breast cancers early. Even in those patients who present with breast symptoms, breast cancers may be present at a site remote to the site of symptoms. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency, site and imaging modality used to identify these incidental cancers in the symptomatic one-stop breast clinic. METHODS: All patients who were seen in our breast clinic with breast symptoms over a two-year period were included in the study. We correlated the presenting symptoms of patients diagnosed with breast cancer with imaging (mammogram and ultrasound) findings. Incidental cancers were defined as "histologically confirmed breast cancers which were impalpable, remote to the site of symptoms and only identified on imaging." RESULTS: In the study period, 281 women were diagnosed with breast cancer out of 4,400 patients seen at the one-stop breast clinic. Thirty six patients (12.8%) diagnosed with breast cancer had an incidental cancer which was only identified by imaging. The majority of contralateral, incidental cancers were identified by both mammography and ultrasound (US) and patients were all above 35 years. CONCLUSION: We suggest mammography of both breasts and US of the symptomatic breast in order to identify incidental cancers.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mass Screening

PURPOSE: Misdiagnosed breast cancer on screening mammography was retrospectively reviewed in an attempt to analyze the cause for the undiscovery and to determine findings that might have been suggested on the mammographic examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 173 breast cancers that were pathologically proven, 17 breast cancers misdiagnosed on mammogram was retrospectively analyzed for the causes of the misinterpretation and predominant secondary findings. RESULTS: Three of the 17 were negative on mammography except for dense breast. Two patients had localized asymmetricity without visible mass. Ten patients had benign-looking mass which was well-defined (n=5), partially defined(n=2), multiple (n=l), or included benign-looking calcifications(n=2). Remaining two cases were retrospectively diagnosed as misinterpreted breast cancers. Various secondary findings such as were useful in the diagnosis of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Meticulous observation could improve the diagnostic yield of breast cancer in mammography.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening ; Retrospective Studies*

PURPOSE: To analyze retrospectively the abnormalities visible on the false-negative screening mammograms of patients with breast cancer and to determine the performance of computer-aided detection (CAD) in the detection of cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 108 consecutive cases of breast cancer diagnosed over a period of 6 years, of which previous screening mammograms were available, 32 retrospectively visible abnormalities (at which locations cancer later developed) were found in the previous mammograms, and which were originally reported as negative. These 32 patients ranged in age from 38 to 72 years (mean 52 years). We analyzed their previous mammographic findings, and assessed the ability of CAD to mark cancers in previous mammograms, according to the clinical presentation, the type of abnormalities and the mammographic parenchymal density. RESULTS: In these 32 previous mammograms of breast cancers (20 asymptomatic, 12 symptomatic), the retrospectively visible abnormalities were identified as densities in 22, calcifications in 8, and densities with calcifications in 2. CAD marked abnormalities in 20 (63%) of the 32 cancers with false-negative screening mammograms; 14 (70%) of the 20 subsequent screening-detected cancers, 5 (50%) of the 10 interval cancers, and 1 (50%) of the 2 cancers palpable after the screening interval. CAD marked 12 (50%) of the 24 densities and 9 (90%) of the 10 calcifications. CAD marked abnormalities in 7 (50%) of the 14 predominantly fatty breasts, and 13 (72%) of the 18 dense breasts. CONCLUSION: CAD-assisted diagnosis could potentially decrease the number of false-negative mammograms caused by the failure to recognize the cancer in the screening program, although its usefulness in the prevention of interval cancers appears to be limited.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Retrospective Studies